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《青海气象》2014,(4)
针对2012年夏季发生在西宁地区的两次冰雹天气过程,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波特征、闪电定位特征等几方面进行了综合分析。结果表明:这两次冰雹天气均发生在典型的高空槽型环流背景下,较好的对流不稳定条件、水汽和较强的垂直风切变条件下。6月5日冰雹天气在整层湿度较大的环境下,受地形和局地热力作用,产生能量分布差异,由地面冷锋抬升触发产生。7月13日的冰雹天气在上干下湿的环境下,是暖区切变触发的局地强对流。应用雷达资料能很好地监测中尺度天气系统的发展演变过程,回波强度、回波顶高的变化和速度对的出现及雷达产品的应用对冰雹天气的出现具有指示意义,对今后的防雹减灾工作有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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该文利用多种气象资料（包括常规观测、卫星云图、自动气象站、多普勒气象雷达以及风廓线仪资料），综合分析了2002年8月24日发生在长江三角洲的一次飑线过程。发现该飑线产生于一个中尺度对流系统（MCS）当中，地面冷锋、副高边缘的高能水汽输送带与高空小槽配合，使该MCS得以发展和加强，副高南撤和下游有利的动力和层结条件使得MCS中的雷暴群发展为飑线，并迅速东移南压，产生了大范围雷雨大风天气。多普勒雷达、自动站及风廓线仪的资料还很好地揭示了该飑线的发生、发展、爆发过程及其回波和风场的空间结构特点。 相似文献
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利用2015—2020年陕西4月99站地面观测资料、灾情报告,高空探测资料,多普勒雷达资料等,对陕西4月冰雹天气发生的天气形势、对流潜势指标及雷达回波特征进行统计分析,结果表明：陕西4月冰雹多发生在午后至傍晚（12—20时）,降雹相对高频区位于陕北南部和关中;按环流形势将冰雹天气分为槽后西北气流型和冷槽型两类,槽后西北气流型主要特征表现在中层强的干冷空气侵入造成强热力不稳定层结,冷槽型冰雹天气产生的主要原因为高层冷空气叠加于低层暖湿气流上,造成强的位势不稳定,天气尺度抬升促进对流进一步发展;共筛选出11个指标为4月冰雹天气潜势预报提供参考,业务应用中重点分析相比气候平均值差异较大的K指数、总指数、对流稳定度指数,作为冰雹天气潜势预报中不稳定层结及低层水汽条件的判别指标,同时需注意其他指标的配合使用,应用CAPE值做强对流天气潜势预报时必须要经过探空订正;降雹云团受地面中尺度系统触发,槽后西北气流型冰雹的雷达回波分散、持续时间短,冷槽型冰雹的雷达回波范围广,持续时间长。 相似文献
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利用常规观测、地面自动站加密观测资料、NCEP(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料以及多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年9月24日发生在内蒙古东南部一次致灾飑线天气过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)中高层干冷空气扩散东南下与低层西南急流的辐合急剧加强为强飑线提供了非常有利的大尺度环流背景;(2)对流有效位能(CAPE)在强对流爆发前有明显跃升;假相当位温(θse)中低层分布呈显著的倒漏斗状,而且随高度增高递减率明显增大,这种上干下湿的层结有利于雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气产生;(3)地面中尺度露点锋(干线)和中尺度辐合线长时间维持、耦合并加强成为这次强对流天气的直接触发和维持机制;飑线后部一直维持雷暴高压,表明有地面大风存在;(4)雷达回波伴有弓形回波特征,低层呈现有界弱回波区(BWER),中高层有明显的回波悬垂,50～55 dBz强回波区延伸到7.5 km,表明对流风暴内有强烈的上升气流,有利于短时强降水和大冰雹的形成;(5)弓形回波径向速度剖面图上存在中层径向辐合(MARC)。 相似文献
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利用地面、高空、雷达、自动站资料和NCEP产品对2019年7月2日和2019年8月28日,出现在白山市的强对流天气的背景和演变进行分析总结.分析结果表明,两次强对流天气过程都是受东北冷涡影响,属于典型的高空冷平流强迫型;高空冷平流起着主导作用,冷平流产生静力不稳定层结,利于对流发展,同时冷平流使0℃层和-20℃层较低,易出现冰雹;西北急流起到触发和组织作用,诱发中尺度天气系统;两次天气过程中,边界层辐合线及地面辐合线是主要的抬升触发机制;在雷达图上出现了体现雷电和冰雹显著特征的钩状及弓形回波. 相似文献
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2018年3月4—5日,华南、江南等地发生了一次大范围强对流过程,发生时间早,落区范围广,多地伴有雷暴大风、冰雹、短时强降水等剧烈对流天气,尤其飑线在江西境内造成了严重大风灾害。基于大气环流和雷达回波发展演变特征,将该次过程分为初始、发展和减弱三个阶段：初始阶段西风槽前西南急流造成的低压倒槽为强对流提供大尺度触发条件;发展阶段对流活动位于槽前暖区中,飑线在江西造成极端大风;入夜后,冷锋南下,对流进入减弱阶段。环境场及对流参数诊断表明江西中北部低层高温高湿,中层干冷,温度垂直递减率大,有利于产生雷暴大风。南昌探空长时间序列分析表明温湿要素气候态异常,与历史同期比,低层明显偏暖偏湿,中层偏干,有利于极端对流天气发生。综合多源观测资料和雷达资料分析中小尺度特征,本次江西飑线过程特点及成因包括：（1）受引导气流和前向传播共同作用,飑线移动速度快。（2）自动站分析显示飑锋后雷暴高压强,与锋前暖低压作用造成强密度流,有利于产生大范围直线型大风;（3）通过对比飑线弓状回波南北段回波结构差异表明,飑线后侧中层干后向入流促使降水粒子相变,剧烈降温形成的强下沉运动(下击暴流)是导致极端大风的主要原因,后部层云区下沉气流增强雷暴高压加之动量下传作用对雷暴大风有增幅作用。 相似文献
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2013年7月31日20时-8月1日08时,三门峡地区出现了一次飑线天气过程。对本次过程高低空天气形势、卫星资料、NCEP再分析物理量、雷达产品等资料的分析结果表明:这次飑线天气过程是在上干冷下暖湿的不稳定大气层结条件下产生的,地面辐合线是这次飑线产生的触发机制;飑线发生前热力不稳定层结的存在和中低层的正涡度区、高层的辐散区,对预报强对流天气有一定指示作用;飑线天气发生在Tbb梯度最大区。从雷达回波看,这次飑线过程分为生成、旺盛和消散三个阶段。东西方向飑线由对流单体合并而成,在移动过程中,受中条山地形抬升和黄河湿热河面影响得到发展和增强;南北方向飑线由上游陕西东移过来,受低层强的偏西急流影响形成弓形回波;两个飑线合并成"人字形"共同影响三门峡地区。在飑线旺盛阶段,雷达回波存在低层有界弱回波区和中高层悬垂回波结构,冰雹发生在南北向飑线(弓形回波)后侧;两条飑线回波合并处出现明显的中气旋特征,是产生局地强降水的有利条件。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献