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1.
东亚干旱半干旱区(简称为“东亚旱区”)是全球干旱带的重要组成部分,该区域水资源短缺,沙尘暴频发,沙尘气溶胶对大气辐射收支和云微物理过程的影响不可忽视。本文回顾了近年来东亚旱区气溶胶及云相关科学问题的研究进展,重点讨论了气溶胶、云特性以及气溶胶-云相互作用问题。东亚旱区大气中的气溶胶以沙尘为主,且春季多于其他季节;同时,该区域云水资源丰富,且以高云为主,夏季云量显著偏多。沙尘气溶胶可直接影响辐射收支对大气产生加热作用,并通过间接和半直接效应对云微物理过程和降水产生影响。由于云微物理观测资料稀缺,加之模式参数化方案的不准确,导致东亚旱区沙尘气溶胶-云相互作用仍存在较大的不确定,减小气溶胶、云所带来的不确定性是未来气候变化研究中亟需解决的科学问题。 相似文献
2.
HABIB Ammara CHEN Bin SHI Guangyu IWASAKA Yasunobu NATH Debashis KHALID Bushra TAN Saichun MAHMOOD Tariq JIAO Reguang NTWALI Didier 《大气和海洋科学快报》2019,(1):12-20
塔克拉玛干沙漠是亚洲沙尘气溶胶的重要源地。为探讨塔克拉玛干地区沙尘气溶胶的理化特性与时空变化,研究其环境与气候效应,本文分析了四个季节在中国敦煌(塔克拉玛干沙漠内)取得的探空气球观测数据,包括气溶胶的数浓度、粒径分布、质量浓度及在西风主导下的水平输送通量。气溶胶数浓度的垂直廓线显示,来自沙漠地区的矿物粒子对局地环境与气候有重要影响,且所有季节都存在长距离输送。粒子谱分布显示局地有大量粗粒子输入。结果说明,源于塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶的背景输送有着重要的科学意义,需进一步研究其对东亚和西太平洋地区环境与气候的影响。 相似文献
3.
沙尘气溶胶直接气候效应对东亚冬季风影响的模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用东亚沙尘复折射指数数据和较新的植被分布对区域气候-沙尘耦合模式(RegCM4-Dust)的沙尘光学特性和沙源区域进行了更新。在此基础上,研究了沙尘气溶胶直接辐射效应对东亚冬季风的影响。模拟结果表明,引入沙尘效应后,东亚大陆绝大部分季风区对流层低层冬季风环流增强。同时,对流层中、上层中低纬度纬向风增强而中高纬度纬向风减弱,导致中高-中低纬度之间纬向风经向切变加强,从而有利于中高纬度冷空气向南侵入,这是低层冬季风环流增强在中上层的反映。另外,沙尘气溶胶导致东亚绝大部分季风区降水明显减少,东北地区西南部、华北大部、黄土高原、黄淮以及长江中下游流域减少达10%以上,这是降水对冬季风增强的响应。沙尘气溶胶引起冬季东亚次大陆-西北太平洋之间温度梯度增大,进而导致海陆间湿静力能梯度增大,是导致东亚大陆冬季风增强的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
东亚地区沙尘气溶胶对降水的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用意大利国际理论物理中心区域气候-沙尘耦合模式RegCM4-Dust,模拟研究了东亚地区沙尘气溶胶直接效应对降水的影响。结果表明:(1)沙尘气溶胶导致东亚大部分地区降水减少,平均减幅为4.46%,尤其100。E以东大陆降水减少幅度更为显著;从季节来看,春、冬季降水减幅最显著,夏季最小。(2)从对总降水变化的贡献来看,春季对流性降水和非对流性降水变化相差不大,夏、秋季主要来自对流性降水减少,而冬季主要来自非对流性降水减少。(3)从分级降水来看,沙尘效应主要导致东亚大陆痕量降水日数增加,小、中、大雨的降水日数减少,而微雨和暴雨以上级别降水日数变化不大,但各季存在较大差异。(4)沙尘效应在对流层中低层产生的下沉运动和水汽减少是导致东亚大陆大部分地区降水减少的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
使用RegCM3-dust区域气候模式,单向嵌套MIROC3．2-hires全球模式输出结果,在IPCCA1B温室气体排放情景下,对中国及东亚地区进行了当代（1991年-2000年）和未来（2091年-2100年）水平分辨率为50km的气候以及沙尘气溶胶数值模拟试验。结果表明,模式对中国地区地面气温、降水和东亚沙尘气溶胶空间分布模拟较好。未来东亚沙尘气溶胶年平均起沙通量增加2％,其中12月-3月由于地表积雪量的减少而增加,4月-11月由于10m风速的减小而减少,不同强度的强起沙事件同样12月-3月增加,4月-11月减少。年平均沙尘气溶胶柱含量增加14％,其中3月-5月和8月略减少,其它月份增加。沙尘气溶胶引起地面（SRF）负辐射强迫和沙尘源区大气顶（TOA）正辐射强迫、下游地区TOA负辐射强迫,受沙尘气溶胶辐射强迫的影响,地面起沙通量和柱含量减少。 相似文献
6.
基于2007—2021年CALIPSO和MODIS主、被动卫星遥感探测数据,对塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠的气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征进行探究及对比分析。结果表明：（1）两大沙漠的沙尘气溶胶对总气溶胶的贡献率最大,气溶胶类型季节变化的相对单一性反映了塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠地区存在沙漠沙尘排放对总气溶胶成分的显著影响;（2）塔克拉玛干沙漠气溶胶光学厚度AOD的峰值出现在春季（春季>夏季>秋季>冬季）,而撒哈拉沙漠AOD的峰值出现在夏季（夏季>春季>秋季>冬季）;（3）撒哈拉沙漠总气溶胶抬升高度与塔克拉玛干沙漠相近,但近地面层消光系数明显小于塔克拉玛干沙漠;塔克拉玛干沙漠的消光系数平均值在所有季节中均大于撒哈拉沙漠,故塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶AOD比撒哈拉沙漠的大;相比沙漠沙尘气溶胶,塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠都无明显的污染沙尘和抬升烟活动。上述研究结果揭示了两大沙漠源区沙尘气溶胶光学特性的观测事实与利用大气气溶胶时空变化特征反映区域气候变化的可能性。 相似文献
7.
沙尘气溶胶光学厚度的全球分布及分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用全球气溶胶数据GADS(Global Aerosol Data Set)计算了冬夏两季4种类型(积聚型、核型、粗粒型和传输型)沙尘气溶胶0.55μm光学厚度的全球分布。通过分析得出,气溶胶的消光系数和垂直厚度对光学厚度的影响很大。全球沙尘气溶胶分布具有明显的季节和地理差异,4个沙尘暴多发区,分别位于北非、中亚地区、澳大利亚西部和北美西部。中亚地区冬季沙尘气溶胶强度和范围比夏季大,北美和澳大利亚地区则相反,冬季光学厚度最大值位于北非的中部地区,而夏季其最大值位于非洲北部靠近大西洋的地区。沙尘气溶胶对<8μm的辐射吸收作用很弱,散射能力较强;对于>8μm的辐射吸收能力很强,吸收带位主要于8~11μm范围内。 相似文献
8.
近10年东亚沙尘气溶胶时空分布与起尘通量的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用一个耦合了沙尘模型的区域气候模式RegCM3和NCEP再分析资料,对近10年(2000-2009年)东亚地区沙尘气溶胶(直径≤20μm)时空分布特征和起尘通量进行了数值模拟。结果表明,(1)耦合模式能较好地模拟东亚地区沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特点。东亚地区沙尘气溶胶光学厚度、柱含量高值区主要位于塔克拉玛干沙漠和巴丹吉林沙漠。沙尘气溶胶柱含量的季节变化特征明显,春季最大,冬季次之,秋季最小。东亚地区110°E以东,沙尘主要以700hPa高度为中心向东传输。(2)东亚地区起沙源区主要位于塔克拉玛干沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠、藏北沙漠化地区及蒙古国西南部,起沙强度存在明显的季节变化。2000-2009年东亚地区年平均起沙通量为1015.34mg.m-2.d-1,其中62.4%和2.3%分别通过干、湿过程重新沉降在东亚地区,其余35.3%被净释放进入大气或进行远距离传输。 相似文献
9.
利用海气耦合的全球气候模式CSIRO-Mk3.6分析比较了全球和亚洲人为气溶胶对东亚各季节气候的不同影响。结果表明,全球和亚洲外人为气溶胶使得东亚地区年平均地表温度分别下降0.9℃和0.55℃。亚洲区域气溶胶强迫决定了东亚近地面降温的时空分布特征,而亚洲区域外气溶胶进一步增强了我国北方夏季的近地面降温。各个季节对流层中上层的降温主要受区域外气溶胶的影响,并引起东亚高空急流强度和位置的变化,造成夏季和秋季明显的经向环流异常。同时,亚洲气溶胶影响各季节东亚低层环流场的响应,使得东亚陆地降水减少,而区域外气溶胶则主要影响冬季中高纬度和夏、秋季南海地区的低层风场。总体上,亚洲区域内、外人为气溶胶会增强我国冬、夏季风低层环流,并共同决定南海地区的降水变化。 相似文献
10.
全球环境大气输送模式(GEATM)的建立及其验证 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
初步建立了以二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶等作为主要研究对象的全球环境大气输送模式(Global Environmental Atmospheric Transport Model,GEATM),其水平分辨率为1°×1°,垂直方向分为20层,采用地形追随坐标系,考虑了上述大气化学成分的地面源排放、平流与扩散、化学转化以及干沉降、湿清除等过程.利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作为驱动气象场,对2004年进行长期模拟,分析了二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶的浓度分布和输送态势.与观测的比较表明,模式对于大气化学成分分布状况具有较强的模拟能力,在欧洲的Jarczew和Leba观测站,二氧化硫日平均浓度的相关系数分别达到了0.69和0.66;在中国,有47个站点的二氧化硫日平均浓度相关系数高于0.50,其中北京、天津、上海等28个站点的浓度相关系数达到了0.60以上.同时,模拟的沙尘气溶胶总体柱浓度分布状况与卫星观测输出的气溶胶光学厚度具有很好的一致性,体现了气溶胶粒子的输送态势和分布特征.模拟结果显示二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳的浓度高值区主要位于污染排放较大的欧洲、东亚和北美地区,二氧化硫地面最大年均浓度值为1500×10-12,硫酸盐为500×10-12,黑碳气溶胶为1000ng/m3.沙尘浓度与下垫面土壤类型以及地面气象条件关系密切,全球沙尘浓度主要分布在撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯半岛、中亚地区、澳大利亚西部以及拉丁美洲南部地区,并且呈现了较为显著的季节变化特征,撒哈拉沙漠输送最强时期是在6～8月,影响范围覆盖了整个赤道大西洋,最西端伸展到了北美的加勒比海地区;阿拉伯半岛沙尘输送最强时期是3～8月,影响范围包括阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区;亚洲在3～5月有非常强烈的沙尘东传过程,浓度输送带一直贯穿了整个北太平洋地区. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献