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次网格地形坡度坡向参数化及其对区域气候模拟的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
随着数值模式水平分辨率的提高，模式下垫面特征的描述更加仔细，针对东亚地区复杂的地形和植被特征，发展适合非均匀下垫面的地表通量参数化方案，对改进数值模式和刻画高原附近地区复杂地形动力和热力。效应的能力非常必要。本文通过计算次网格地形坡度、坡向参数及其对到达地面短波辐射通量的影响，提出次网格地形热力效应的参数化方案，改进数值模式中复杂地形区域地面热量平衡的计算。利用p—σ区域气候模式的数值试验结果表明，次网格地形热力效应参数化方案的引入，对东亚地区夏季气候尤其是降水的模拟有明显的改进。 相似文献
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陆地下垫面特征对区域能量平衡过程影响的数值试验 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
陆地下垫面性质的变化将会改变地气系统之间的能量平衡和转换过程，进而影响到区域气候环境。本文主要进行了陆地下垫面特征变化对区域能量平衡过程影响的数值试验，利用三维地气耦合的区域气候模式模拟了我国华北部分地区的地面能量平衡过程。结果表明，不同的陆地下垫面特征其地面能量分配和转换机制存在较大的差异，从而影响区域气候环境的形成和变化。这一结果可为人们通过改变地表特征的方式改善区域气候和生态环境提供一定的气 相似文献
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为提高大气数值模式的模拟能力,改进大气边界层水汽、热量湍流输送计算和大雾天气的模拟效果,选用WRF三维非静力模式,采用具有局地和非局地垂直湍流尺度自适应计算能力的MYNN_SA参数化方案,对2017年12月28—29日我国华北—江淮地区的大范围浓雾过程进行了数值模拟研究,探讨从中尺度到灰区尺度分辨率范围,模式的尺度自适应大气边界层湍流参数化方案对稳定大气边界层发展、湍流输送和大雾天气模拟的影响。利用中国地面气象站观测资料和ERA5再分析数据,在接近灰区尺度的网格分辨率上,利用尺度自适应大气边界层湍流MYNN_SA参数化方案较之中尺度参数化MYNN方案,可明显改善次网格湍流输送计算,以及陆地浓雾的强度、空间分布和时间演变特征,可更精确地模拟云水混合比、逆温层和雾区的垂直结构。 相似文献
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非均匀地表条件下区域平均径流率的一种参数化方法及其模拟试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从陆面水文过程的物理机制出发，引进概率统计分布理论，推导出一种由非均匀土壤含水量及降水气候强迫所形成的次网格尺度非均匀径流率的解析表达式，从而将通常的次网格尺度地表径流的参数化方案（mosaic方法）改进为考虑网格区整体非均匀性的统计-动力参数化方案。文中用仿真模拟资料验证了该方案的可靠性与可行性，并作数值试验。结果表明，该方案切实可行。 相似文献
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次网格地形动力效应参数化及其对降水模拟效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地形对气流的动力抬升作用是地形降水的重要产生机制之一, 为了在模式中考虑地形对气流的动力抬升作用, 改进模式对复杂地形区域的降水模拟效果, 本文提出了一个次网格地形动力效应参数化方案.在模式中首先利用高分辨率的地形高度资料计算出次网格格点处的地形坡度、坡向, 这些微观地形参数可以较为精细地描述次网格尺度地形信息;然后再根据地面气压与地形对气流动力抬升作用的关系, 对地面气压倾向进行次网格修正;最后利用 p-σ区域气候模式进行了三个数值试验, 检验该方案对模式模拟降水能力的影响.结果表明, 次网格地形动力效应参数化方案的引入, 对中国区域的降水模拟有明显改进, 尤其对冬、春季的降水模拟, 无论是分布范围还是中心最大强度都与实况比较接近. 相似文献
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积云对流参数化方案对梅雨锋暴雨过程模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用MM5模式,选用4种积云对流参数化方案对2002年7月长江流域梅雨锋暴雨过程进行数值试验,讨论了同一水平分辨率下不同参数化方案对降水特征、中尺度特征和云物理特征模拟的影响。结果表明:不同方案对强降水中心落区影响不是很大,但对降水强度有较大影响;4种方案次网格尺度和网格尺度降水对总降水贡献不同;GR和KF方案的闭合假设中考虑次网格尺度湿下沉气流,可一定程度再现一些中尺度特征;4种方案模拟的云物理量特征存在很大差别。 相似文献
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城市冠层过程的研究与进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
介绍了城市冠层过程研究的概况和历史,概括了城市冠层的特征及其作用于局地气候和中尺度系统的主要方式,总结了城市冠层参数化方案或模式的研究进展.比较了几种参数化方法和模式的特点,提出目前存在的一些问题.认为：现有的参数化方案和模式尚未能完整体现城市下垫面特征、准确反映人类活动影响,二者的发展有赖于对城市下垫面建筑特征更合理、细致地描述,对人为热量、水汽影响更准确的估计与刻划.与局地因素密切相关的城市冠层模式还需要更多地在模式中引入局地差异影响.同时指出,要提高耦合城市过程的中尺度模式预报水平,需要相应改进包括云、降水、次网格地形及边界层动力学等的参数化. 相似文献
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A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center （NCC）, China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP （Institute of Atmospheric Physics） T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year （2001 to 2004） prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process paraxneterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme （MFS） and Betts-Miller scheme （BM） for convective precipitation, the LPMI （land surface process model I） and LPMII （land surface process model Ⅱ） for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE （turbulent kinetic energy） scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 （RegCM_NCC） has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions. 相似文献
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DING Yihui SHI Xueli LIU Yiming LIU Yan LI Qingquan QIAN Yongfu MIAO Manqian ZHAI Guoqing GAO Kun 《大气科学进展》2006,23(3)
A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions. 相似文献
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采用不同参数化方案对沪宁高速公路浓雾过程的模拟试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2006年12月24—27日沪宁高速公路及其周边地区出现的一次罕见持续性大雾为例,采用模式验证方法,研究了采用不同微物理过程和陆面过程参数化方案对浓雾模拟效果的影响。结果表明,对相对湿度等常规气象要素的模拟,各个参数化方案的模拟效果都较好,与实况都有很好的一致性。对直接表征能见度的变量———液态水含量的模拟,各个参数化方案中以微物理过程采用Lin方案,陆面过程采用SLAB方案模拟效果最好,其他方案的模拟效果与实况相比偏差较大。 相似文献
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In this study it is shown that the availability of a very high resolution dataset of land surface characteristics leads to the improvement of a surface runoff parameterization scheme. The improved parameterization scheme was developed for application in global and regional climate models and is a further development of the Arno scheme that is widely used in climate models. Here, surface runoff is computed as infiltration excess from a "bucket" type reservoir which takes the subgrid variability of soil saturation within a model gridbox into account. Instead of prescribing a distribution of subgrid scale soil water capacities as in the original Arno scheme, the array of high resolution soil water capacities taken from a global 1 km dataset of land surface parameters is used to obtain individual fractional saturation curves for each model gridbox. From each saturation curve, the three parameters (a shape parameter describing the shape of the subgrid distribution of soil water capacities, subgrid minimum and maximum soil water capacity) required in the modified formulation of the scheme are derived via optimization. As in the original Arno scheme applied in the ECHAM general circulation model and the REMO regional climate model, topography variations will influence the distribution of saturated subgrid areas within a model gridbox. At most gridboxes the net effect of these changes is such that more runoff is produced for high soil water contents and less runoff for low soil water contents. A validation of simulated discharge computed with a simplified land surface scheme applied to reanalysis data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and a hydrological discharge model has shown that these changes lead to a more realistic simulation of the annual cycle of discharge for several catchments. In particular this could be shown for the Yangtze Kiang and Amur catchments where adequate input data are available. 相似文献
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耦合不同陆面方案的WRF模式对2007年7月江淮强降水过程的模拟 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
利用WRF模式, 分别选用不同陆面参数化方案 (SLAB、 RUC、 NOAH、 UCM) 对2007年7月7～8日的江淮暴雨进行数值模拟试验, 模拟结果的对比分析表明: 虽然主要雨带的基本位置和大致走向受陆面方案的影响并不大, 但是降水强度的分布对陆面物理过程是敏感的, 耦合陆面方案比不耦合陆面方案的模拟效果更接近实况; 不同陆面方案模拟的降水量均较实况偏小, 然而由于考虑的要素和物理过程存在一定差异, 它们对降水的中心落点、 雨量值、 降水日变化、 降水类型以及降水条件的模拟各有所长; 特别值得指出, TRMM资料与4种方案的模拟结果均反映出本次降水日变化过程中夜间的峰值特征, 这是短时降水 (1～3 h) 和持续性降水 (≥6 h) 的综合反映, 而凌晨后的降水则主要由持续性降水造成; 在各种试验的综合比较中, NOAH方案较其他方案的模拟结果显得更稳定与合理, UCM方案针对城市下垫面的模拟有一定优越性。 相似文献
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A subgrid parameterization of orographic precipitation 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Summary Estimates of the impact of global climate change on land surface hydrology require climate information on spatial scales far smaller than those explicitly resolved by global climate models of today and the foreseeable future. To bridge the gap between what is required and what is resolved, we propose a subgrid-scale parameterization of the influence of topography on clouds, precipitation, and land surface hydrology. The parameterization represents subgrid variations in surface elevation in terms of probability distributions of discrete elevation classes. Separate cloud, radiative, and surface processes are calculated for each elevation class. Rainshadow effects are not treated by the parameterization; they have to be explicitly resolved by the host model. The simulated surface temperature, precipitation, and snow cover for each elevation class are distributed to different geographical locations according to the spatial distribution of surface elevation within each grid cell.The subgrid parameterization has been implemented in the Pacific Northwest Laboratory's climate version of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model. The scheme is evaluated by driving the regional climate model with observed lateral boundary conditions for the Pacific Northwest and comparing simulated fields with surface observations. The method yields more realistic spatial distributions of precipitation and snow cover in mountainous areas and is considerably more computationally efficient than achieving high resolution by the use of nesting in the regional climate model.With 17 Figures 相似文献
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A coupled model of RAMS3b(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System,Version 3b)andLSPM(a land surface process model),in which some basic hydrological processes such asprecipitation,evapotranspiration.surface runoff,infiltration and bottom drainage are included,has been established.With the coupled model,we have simulated the response of soil to the severeweather process which caused the disastrous flood in north italy during 4-7.November,1994,simultaneously compared with the observation and the original RAMS3b,which has a soil andvegetation parameterization scheme(hereafter,SVP)emphasizing on the surface energy fluxes,while some hydrological processes in the soil are not described clearly.The results show that the differences between coupling LSPM and SVP exist mainly in theresponse of soil to the precipitation.The soil in the SVP never saturates under the strong input ofprecipitation,while the newly coupled model seems better,the soil has been saturated for one dayor more and causes strong surface runoff,which constitutes the flood.Further sensitivityexperiments show that the surface hydrological processes are very sensitive to the initial soilmoisture and soil type when we compared the results with a relatively dry case and sandy soil.The coupled model has potentiality for simulation on the interaction between regional climateand land surface hydrological processes,and the regional water resources research concerningdesertification,drought and flood. 相似文献
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本文采用中尺度数值预报模式GRAPES_Meso V3.3.2.5版本以及NECP的GFS资料,分别选用模式中不同陆面参数化方案(SLAB、LSM、NOAH)对2013年9月14-17日新疆强降水过程进行数值模拟试验,模拟的结果表明：陆面方案对主要雨带的落区和大致走向影响并不大,但对降强度的模拟还是敏感的,耦合陆面方案比不耦合陆面方案的模拟效果更接近实况;不同陆面方案模拟的降水量存在一定差异,它们对降水中心落点、强度以及类型方面各有所长;在各种试验的综合比较中,NOAH方案较其他方案的模拟结果显得更稳定与合理。 相似文献
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A coupled model of RAMS3b(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System,Version 3b) and LSPM(a land surface process model),in which some basic hydrological processes such as precipitation,evapotranspiration.surface runoff,infiltration and bottom drainage are included,has been established.With the coupled model,we have simulated the response of soil to the sever eweather process which caused the disastrous flood in north italy during 4-7.November,1994,simultaneously compared with the observation and the original RAMS3b,which has a soil and vegetation parameterization scheme(hereafter,SVP) emphasizing on the surface energy fluxes,while some hydrological processes in the soil are not described clearly.The results show that the differences between coupling LSPM and SVP exist mainly in the response of soil to the precipitation.The soil in the SVP never saturates under the strong input of precipitation,while the newly coupled model seems better,the soil has been saturated for one day or more and causes strong surface runoff,which constitutes the flood.Further sensitivity experiments show that the surface hydrological processes are very sensitive to the initial soil moisture and soil type when we compared the results with a relatively dry case and sandy soil.The coupled model has potentiality for simulation on the interaction between regional climate and land surface hydrological processes,and the regional water resources research concerning desertification,drought and flood. 相似文献