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华北冬小麦-夏玉米两熟区干旱特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究华北冬小麦一夏玉米主要生长季的干旱时空特征,可为全球气候变暖背景下制定抗旱减灾对策提供理论依据。利用华北5省（市）64个气象台站1961-2010年逐日降水资料,以降水负距平或降水量表征的干旱指标,通过经验正交分解法提取了冬小麦、夏玉米全生育期和关键生长阶段的特征向量和时间系数,分析了干旱频率、站次比及干旱强度的变化特征,并通过构建冬小麦-夏玉米轮作期综合干旱指数,探讨了华北地区农业干旱的总体状况。结果表明：EOF分解的前4个模态提取了60％以上作物干旱的主要时空分布信息,冬小麦主要生长季收敛效果优于夏玉米;冬小麦全生育期、苗期及拔节-抽穗期干旱的高强度中心主要分布在冀中南、豫北及鲁西北地区,而灌浆-成熟期干旱则以豫东为中心;夏玉米全生育期干旱的高强度中心主要位于冀南和鲁北地区,初夏旱以冀北大部为高强度区,而卡脖旱以豫西和鲁南为高强度区。从时间系数和区域干旱强度及站次比的时间变化趋势看,冬小麦全生育期干旱、灌浆-成熟期干旱及夏玉米初夏旱、卡脖旱均表现为递减趋势,但未通过显著性检验,而冬小麦播种期、拔节-抽穗期干旱,以及夏玉米全生育期干旱为不显著的递增趋势。整个冬小麦-夏玉米轮作期干旱威胁较高的地区主要位于京津局部、冀中南、豫北和鲁北等地区。 相似文献
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基于SPEI的华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱时空变化特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),从不同时间尺度对华北平原夏玉米生长季1961—2015年不同等级干旱发生频率、时空分布和变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱频发,频率超过50.0%,主要以轻旱为主,河南东南部和河北中北部地区干旱频率高于其他地区,6月和10月轻旱频率相对较高,8—10月更容易发生中旱,重旱主要出现在6月和7月。近55 a年华北平原夏玉米生长季干旱不断增加,10月干旱频率增加趋势最显著。与1961—1980年相比,研究区近15 a干旱发生频率增加百分率为37.3%,其中河北中北部、北京、天津和河南西北部干旱发生频率在60.0%以上。不同月份的干旱对夏玉米生长影响不同,需要加强对8月和9月干旱事件的预报,以便及时采取防灾减灾措施。 相似文献
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利用1971—2014年河南103个台站地面气象逐日观测资料和冬小麦产量资料,选择对产量有明显影响的拔节-抽穗期干旱作为天气指数保险设计的气象灾害类型,分析了河南冬小麦拔节-抽穂期干旱发生基本规律,并开展干旱风险评估。定义降水负距平百分率作为冬小麦干旱天气指数,并利用173组典型灾害样本建立了冬小麦拔节-抽穗期干旱天气指数与减产率的关系模型;在此基础上,初步设计了冬小麦干旱天气指数保险产品,并基于风险评估结果对天气指数产品费率进行修订。结果表明,河南冬小麦干旱程度总体由西南向东北增强;拔节-抽穂期,豫北地区的干旱风险最高;其次是豫西北、豫东和豫中;豫西南和豫南的风险相对较低;基于天气指数模型和历史赔付状况分析,将降水负距平百分率60%作为触发值,并确定了不同干旱天气指数等级的赔付标准;基于干旱风险评估结果修订后的河南各地区的天气指数保险费率在9. 2%～11. 2%,单位面积保费在29. 8～36. 3元·亩~(-1)。 相似文献
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《气象》2021,(5)
基于13个农业气象试验站2010—2017年逐日气象观测数据和玉米观测数据,采用针对玉米的截留模型,研究自然降雨条件下中国主产区玉米冠层截留及其变化规律。结果表明:在不同气候条件和生长状况下,玉米全生育期冠层截留差异较大。玉米冠层生长季平均截留量为4.3～23.5 mm,拔节到成熟期降水量≤70 mm时,截留量不足8 mm,随着降水量增加,截留量先是同时受降水量和最大面积指数制衡,后变为对最大叶面积指数更敏感。平均截留率为1.9%～11.6%,中国四大玉米主产区中的黄淮海夏播玉米区截留率最稳定,生长季降水量120 mm的地区截留率超过10%,按玉米主产区和气候干湿度两种分类提供平均截留率范围。依据拔节到成熟期降水量、最大叶面积指数及截留变化规律可以估算不同地区玉米冠层截留量和截留率,为有效降水评估、干旱指标修正、农田水分循环等方面提供科学依据。 相似文献
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引 言 春末初夏干旱是影响平凉农业生产的主要灾害之一 ,主要影响冬小麦的乳熟、收割 ,大秋作物的发育生长 ,因而研究春末初夏旱变化特征 ,做好春末初夏的干旱预测 ,为地方党政部门提供决策服务 ,具有很重要的现实意义。文中应用平凉地区 40ａ资料 ,对平凉地区春末初夏旱的变化特征进行对比分析 ,并建立平凉的春末初夏旱均生函数模型 ,进一步提高了平凉地区的春末初夏干旱预测水平。1 春末初夏旱的标准 根据甘肃省气候评价使用的气候标准 ,将春末初夏旱定义为 5～ 6月内连续 2个旬降水量偏少 5成以上 ,旱段 >3 5ｄ ,这样制定的干旱… 相似文献
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利用2014年6—10月夏玉米全生育期试验数据和气象数据,采用LG型称重式蒸渗仪分析了在充分供水条件下陕西关中地区夏玉米全生育期最大耗水量及不同生育期的作物系数。结果表明：夏玉米在试验地段从播种到收获共119 d,充分供水条件下夏玉米全生育期最大耗水量599.9 mm。玉米实际蒸发蒸腾量（ET）与参考蒸散量（ET0）的逐日变化趋势倾向率除三叶—七叶期以外,其余时间段呈现出一致性;全生育期日平均ET为5.0 mm/d,抽雄—乳熟期的ET最大,占全生育期的33.2%。夏播玉米各生育期（播种—三叶、三叶—七叶、七叶—拔节、拔节—抽雄、抽雄—乳熟、乳熟—收获）作物系数分别为0.64,0.76,0.80,1.38,1.47,1.58。 相似文献
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鲁中地区冬小麦水分盈亏及灌溉需水量的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
利用1980—2014年鲁中地区气象资料和冬小麦生育期资料,采用Penman-Monteith模型和单作物系数计算冬小麦各生育阶段需水量,利用美国农业土壤保持局推荐方法计算有效降水量、水分盈亏指数(CWSDI)和灌溉需水量,对冬小麦不同生育阶段的需水量、有效降水量、水分盈亏指数及灌溉需水量时空变化进行分析。结果表明:近35 a来,鲁中平原地区冬小麦全生育期需水量呈弱的减少趋势,山区呈增加趋势;拔节—乳熟期是需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,强度中心在中部地区。有效降水量全生育期呈减少趋势,拔节—乳熟期呈增加趋势,强度中心在中部地区;除平原地区的越冬期外,其它生育阶段有效降水量呈减少趋势。CWSDI全生育期呈减少趋势,乳熟—成熟期减少幅度最大,自中部向南北两边递减。为满足冬小麦需水要求,全生育期平均灌溉需水量515 mm,呈上升趋势,强度中心在西部地区,拔节—乳熟期是灌溉需水量最大的阶段,呈减少趋势,返青—拔节期是增加趋势最明显的阶段。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献