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1.
梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统触发和组织化的观测分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用观测和NCEP再分析资料,对2015年6月26-28日江淮流域梅雨锋暴雨天气对流的触发和中尺度对流系统（MCS）的组织方式进行了分析。结果表明:梅雨锋附近发展的2个线状中尺度对流系统是暴雨的直接制造者。MCS2的发展有2种组织方式,26日夜间到27日凌晨,东西向雨带的不断后部建立和随后对流单体的列车效应是其发展的主要方式。27日凌晨到白天,初期新单体不断在线状MCS2的南缘触发,形成多个近乎平行的东北-西南向短雨带,后期梅雨锋锋面雨带从西部不断东移,经过强降水区;对流元有2种尺度的组织方式:新生对流单体沿着单个雨带向东北方向的列车效应以及东北-西南向雨带沿线状中尺度对流系统向东平移的"列车带"效应;持续的后部建立型和沿着同一路径不断的"列车带"效应使MCS2发展和维持。梅雨锋前不稳定空气的地形抬升和边界层辐合上升是初始对流的主要触发机制;26日夜间对流产生的冷池对对流的触发和MCS2的组织化及维持起重要作用,中尺度对流系统的组织特征和发生、发展受近地面环境场制约。 相似文献
2.
利用地面气象观测、FY 2G卫星TBB、多普勒雷达、ERA5再分析资料,以及江西快速循环同化系统等资料,分析了2020年7月9日吉泰盆地梅雨期特大暴雨天气过程的中尺度系统演变特征及机制。过程分为线状对流系统MCS A转向、南压阶段和单体对流系统MCS B、MCS-C北移发展阶段。结合盆地西侧山区、盆地北部、盆地南部三个暴雨区,重点分析了暴雨天气过程的第一阶段。结果表明：1） 边界层辐合线触发MCS-A,后者西侧不断并入边界层辐合线上和低空急流前端的新生单体,形成“列车效应”。2） 弱降水冷池驱动MCS A中强降水雨团向西南方向传播以及MCS-A与弱降水雨团合并,共同导致了MCS-A转向。3） 受幕府山和吉泰盆地地形绕流作用,对流层中低层中-β尺度低涡在吉泰盆地东北部停留约5 h,激发盆地西部、北部对流活动的发展。4） 对流系统处于准静止态,急流前端存在中-γ尺度涡旋,导致MCS-A中强对流单体在吉泰盆地南部长时间维持。 相似文献
3.
梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。 相似文献
4.
陕西渭北中尺度对流系统组织模型及灾害分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据陕西渭北711型数字化雷达2000-2006年5-9月的观测资料,把335例中尺度对流系统(mesoscale convective systems,MCS)组织演变的模型分为3大类(单体、线状、区域型MCS)9小类(少动单体、移动单体、合并单体、拖曳层状、先导层状、平行层状、断裂线状、非嵌入区域和嵌入区域型MCS),统计了各类MCS的出现频次、日变化、生命史、水平尺度、回波移动速度等.重点结合降雹实况,分析了各类MCS的灾害差异.结果显示线状MCS的降雹概率最高,单体MCS的降雹概率最低.拖曳层状类MCS产生的灾害最为严重,少动单体MCS产生的灾害最小. 相似文献
5.
中尺度对流系统和闪电 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1.引言每年春夏时节美国包括大平原和东南地区在内的广大地区的总降水量与中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective Systems,以下简称MCS)过境有关.MCS定义为持续时间至少几小时且在生命史内具有明显对流活动的大范围降水系统(水平尺度为100-500km).根据定义,MCS包括超级单体雷暴,伴有层状云降水区的飑线以及中尺度对流复合体(MCC).MCC是根据云顶最低温度和特定温度阈值的覆盖范围来定义的(Maddox,1980).MCC中的对流单体的分布较为 相似文献
6.
2016年夏末南疆地区短时强降水天气频发,中尺度对流系统活动频繁。利用强降水频发时段2016年8月8日至9月16日逐时FY-2G红外亮温（TBB）资料对南疆地区中尺度对流系统（MCS）进行分析,共获得92个生命史≥3小时的中-β尺度对流系统（MβCS）,包括β中尺度对流复合体（MβCCS）和β中尺度持续拉长状对流系统（MβECS）。根据南疆地区的极端干旱气候背景,本文中-β尺度对流系统的尺度判定标准为云顶亮温（TBB）≤-32℃的连续冷云区直径≥20 km。对MCS的分布和活动特征进行了分析,结果表明：圆状MCS和带状MCS发生的频次相当。天山南坡和昆仑山北坡是MCS活跃区,MCS移动方向主要以偏东或东北方向为主,南疆地区活动最频繁的MCS生命史为3～4个小时。南疆地区MCS具有明显不同的日变化特征,午后和傍晚是MCS最活跃的时段。与MβCCS相比,MβECS具有更明显的夜发性特征。昆仑山北坡MCS的最活跃时段早于天山南坡MCS,而天山南坡MCS夜间和凌晨形成的特征更为显著。生命史为3～5小时的短生命史MCS主要在午后和傍晚形成发展,并在形成后2小时达到成熟,生命史超过6小时的长生命史MCS多发于午后和凌晨,并且其发展阶段更长。本文给出了1个引发短时强降水的MβCCS和1个MβECS的云团演变特征。 相似文献
7.
2014年5月22日华南地区出现了一次大范围强对流天气过程,该过程中出现了两个中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System,MCS)MCS-A和MCS-B,两个MCS表现出迥异的形态特征,产生了不同的强对流天气。利用多源观测资料以及高分辨率数值模式分析了环境条件对于MCS形态特征的影响,结果表明:(1)广西夜间到凌晨边界层顶附近强盛的低空急流,使得MCS-A在北部山区出现后向建立(BB, back building)的形态特征,有利于大量级的短时强降水的出现;(2) MCS-A进入广西平原地区以后,强盛的边界层以上的低空急流使得能量垂直廓线的极大值在边界层高度以上,且风垂直切变特征不利于冷池前方的垂直运动发展,冷池前方无法连续触发对流,MCS-A逐渐演化成线状对流/层云伴随(TL/AS, Training Line/Adjoining stratiform)的形态特征,而后消亡;(3)在广东,能量极大值出现在大气底层,环境风廓线有利于冷池前方垂直运动发展,进而触发新的对流,新生成的MCS-B呈现典型的层云拖曳型(TS,trailing stratiform)形态,最终形成飑线,造成雷暴大风天气。 相似文献
8.
近海水汽初值和对流影响一次华南前汛期沿海强降水对流系统发展过程的机理研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究在对华南季风降水试验（SCMREX）观测资料分析的基础上,采用数值模拟试验探讨南海北部区域湿度场初值误差和海上对流对2014年5月8日华南沿海地区的一次强降雨过程的中尺度对流系统（MCS）的发展和移动的影响。加密探空和风廓线观测分析表明在珠江口地区有西南风和偏东风急流形成的辐合区,为对流在该地区增强发展提供了条件。增加和减少近海湿度以及关闭积云和微物理过程潜热释放,所造成的温度场以及风场的变化对广东沿海地区的对流的强度和移动路径都有明显的影响。特别是增加海上关键区的湿度,由于海上对流的发展改变了整个区域的环流,抑制了陆地上对流的发展。关闭海上关键区对流过程潜热的释放,导致低空急流到达更加偏北的位置,对流系统在模拟的后期向东北移动。通过这些试验表明,海上的湿度等要素场和对流活动对沿海地区的降雨预报有着十分重要的影响,需要进一步加强海上观测及其资料同化方法。 相似文献
9.
地形作用下低空急流的演变与强降水对流风暴系统的相互作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用雷达、卫星、风廓线雷达和地面加密区域自动气象站等观测资料,分析了2016年入梅后发生在鄂东地区一次极端强降水事件的中尺度对流系统发生发展过程、结构演变及其传播特征,旨在揭示造成强降水过程中的3个中尺度对流系统（MCS）的触发、发展、维持机理以及它们之间内在的中尺度动力学关系,尤其是地形作用下的低空急流的演变与强降水对流风暴系统相互作用过程。研究表明:（1）与大多数梅雨锋上的强降水带与低空切变线平行分布不同,此次极端强降水雨带呈倾斜的“n”字形,其中两条主雨带近乎与低空切变线垂直;此次极端强降水分别由大别山迎风坡上西北—东南向MCS、湖北中东部平原地区西北—东南向MCS和桐柏—大洪山东侧东北—西南向MCS造成。3个MCS移动缓慢,都具有后向传播的特征。（2）大别山迎风坡上MCS初始雷暴是低空急流下边界不断向下扩展过程中在地形抬升作用下触发的,而湖北中东部平原地区的MCS和桐柏—大洪山东侧MCS的触发、发展、加强都与大别山迎风坡上MCS形成的冷池加速推进形成的出流边界与环境气流形成的强烈辐合抬升作用有关。（3）垂直于大别山的边界层西南急流对山坡上的对流冷池产生的顶托作用不仅平衡了冷池密度流产生的向下作用力,而且进一步强化了山区的辐合抬升强度,使得大别山迎风坡上强降水风暴系统得以长时间维持和发展;当山坡上的对流冷池堆积到足够厚度,或者由于低空急流的下边界迅速抬升时,这种平衡被打破,大范围的冷池俯冲下山并在平原地区快速推进,造成了湖北中东部平原地区大范围的雷暴大风和MCS发展加强,并沿冷池前沿逐步组织化,形成平原地区东南—西北向的强降水带。 相似文献
10.
利用武汉站风廓线雷达和地基微波辐射计获取的高时空分辨率资料,结合雷达回波和地面自动站加密观测资料,分析了2011年6月9日武汉短时强降水过程的中尺度对流系统。结果表明：引起短时强降水的是一个尾随层云类中尺度对流系统。降水开始前15 min,对流层中低层有显著倾斜上升气流,并在其前后形成两个小尺度涡旋,与冷池和风切变抗衡下新单体的生成模型相一致。强降水开始前,地面气压迅速降低,地面风速迅速增大,云底高度波动降低;降水发生后,成熟单体前部边界层和高层为相对＂对流线＂前进方向由后向前的水平运动,对流层低层为由前向后的水平运动,成熟单体后部边界层、对流层低层和高层为相对＂对流线＂由前向后的水平运动,中层为由后向前的水平运动,这些特征与线状中尺度对流系统成熟阶段模型相符。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献