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1.
黄山冬季气温分类及雪、雨凇和雾凇的气候分析 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
用对应分析方法对黄山1956～1996年冬季气温进行聚类分析。结果表明：Ⅰ类冬季气温特点,后冬冷于前冬,隆冬气温很高,冬季气温低;Ⅱ类特点,前冬暖后冬冷,隆冬气温很低,冬季气温正常;Ⅲ类后冬暖前冬冷,隆冬气温偏高,冬季气温高。Ⅰ类冬季降雪、积雪、雨凇和雾凇日数多;Ⅱ类冬季积雪日数多,降雪、雨凇和雪凇日数少;Ⅲ类冬季降雪日数正常,雨凇日数偏多,积雪和雾凇日数偏少。各类冬季降雪、积雪、雨凇和雾凇日数的冬季月分布差异明显。ENSO对黄山冬季气温有明显影响,ElNino年黄山多为暖冬年份,冬季平均气温正距平百分比18．8％。关于中高纬度和极区环流与黄山冬季气温关系也进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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利用1956年至2018年黄山风景区气象观测资料,分析了黄山雾凇气候变化特征。结果表明: 黄山年均雾凇日数63.3天,最多年份为82天,最少为35天,年雾凇日数呈减少趋势;雾凇出现最早月份在10月,最迟在5月,冬季月份雾凇日数占全年约为7成,最多为1月,最少为5月;黄山雾凇的平均初日为11月7日,最早初日为10月8日,平均终日为4月7日,最迟终日为5月12日,连续最长雾凇日数为32天;近20年黄山雾凇出现气温范围为-18.7～1℃,风速范围为0～20.6m/s,任何风向均能出现雾凇;南北向的雾凇直径、厚度和重量略大于东西向,最大值出现在1、2月份,最大直径为230mm,最大厚度为105mm,最大重量为1138g/m。气温、湿度和风速均与雾凇强度呈现显著性相关,最低气温和水汽条件是影响黄山雾凇形成的关键气象因子,风速主要影响雾凇大小。占绝大多数的微量雾凇日数达不到雾凇景观标准,能形成雾凇景观的日数年均20.1天。利用影响雾凇景观形成的关键气象因子建立了黄山雾凇旅游气象指数,经实践检验准确率良好,可为气象业务应用提供预报参考,提升黄山旅游气象服务品质。 相似文献
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新疆阿勒泰地区积雪变化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用阿勒泰地区7个测站1961～2008年逐月最大积雪深度、积雪和降雪日数及其初终日以及冬季(11至次年3月)平均气温、平均最高、最低气温及降水量资料,运用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall突变检验及R/S分析法对阿勒泰地区积雪变化进行了分析研究。结果表明:该地区冬季平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,最低气温的上升更为显著;降水量呈显著增多趋势。该地区大部地方积雪、降雪最早出现在9、10月,最迟在次年4、5月。历年平均最大积雪深度和积雪日数的年变化呈单峰型,降雪日数分布则较复杂;在空间分布上,积雪深度最大值在阿勒泰站,最小值在福海站;积雪日数福海站最少,吉木乃站最多;降雪日数自西向东逐渐减小。最大积雪深度呈显著的增加趋势、积雪和降雪日数趋势变化不显著,但在空间分布上有差异;受积雪和降雪初日推后的影响,积雪期和降雪期均呈显著的减少趋势。突变检测表明,就全区平均来说最大积雪深度在1983年前后发生了显著的突变,与冬季降水量的变化一致;平均积雪和降雪日数则比较稳定,没有发生显著的突变,各区域变化与全区不完全同步。R/S分析表明,最大积雪深度、积雪和降雪日数在未来具有反持续性;平均降雪日数、福海站最大积雪深度、吉木乃站积雪日数、布尔津站降雪日数的反持续性相对最强。 相似文献
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金华近56年电线积冰气候特征及灾害防御 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用金华市1953-2008年56年的逐日雨凇、雾凇资料,分析了电线积冰目的年代、年、季节、月变化,电线积冰起止时间、持续期、持续时间、最大直径等气候特征,并对金华电线积冰形成条件、灾害特点进行了分析.结果表明:金华市年平均电线积冰日数为0.8天;集中在冬季,1月最多,2月次之,12月最少;电线积冰可出现在一天的任何时间;最早初日是12月10日,最晚终日是2月19日;电线积冰持续时间最长64小时,最大直径为16mm;雨凇形成条件与雾凇不同,最大直径相近时雨凇灾害更严重,高海拔山区的电力冰灾比丘陵盆地严重.根据电线积冰灾害的特点,提出了加强灾害防御的具体措施. 相似文献
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利用1971—2020年呼伦贝尔市16个国家气象站最长积雪日数和最大积雪深度资料，采用经验正交函数（EOF）分析、重标极差分析（R/S）和非周期循环分析，统计最长积雪日数和最大积雪深度时间序列的Hurst指数、分维数和非周期循环的平均循环长度，分析最长积雪日数和最大积雪深度变化趋势和记忆周期；同时采用MOD10A2积雪产品，研究2001—2018年呼伦贝尔市积雪覆盖率变化。结果表明：（1）近50年呼伦贝尔市最长积雪日数呈递减趋势，最大积雪深度呈递增趋势；（2）积雪深度>20、30cm的年平均积雪日数主要出现在1996—2014年，其中积雪深度>30cm年平均积雪日数>1d;(3)呼伦贝尔市积雪初日出现在10月中旬至11月上旬，积雪终日在4月结束，积雪初日出现最早时间和积雪终日结束最晚时间都在呼伦贝尔市的北部地区；（4）R/S分析和非周期循环研究表明，呼伦贝尔市最长积雪日数和最大积雪深度H指数分别为0.589 9和0.889，即最长积雪日数未来减少和最大积雪深度未来增多趋势持续，持续时间分别为8和12 a;(5)呼伦贝尔市年平均积雪覆盖率为98.87%，呈波动增加趋势，... 相似文献
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盘县近50a来雨凇天气过程气候特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用盘县国家基本气象站1960—2008年的雨凇观测资料,对盘县近50 a来的雨凇天气过程的时空分布特征作了较为全面的分析,结果表明:①盘县年平均雨凇日数为5.7d,雨凇最早出现时间为12-10,最晚结束时间为次年的03-05,过程最长持续时间20d,年最多雨凇日数高达31d。②盘县以20世纪60年代出现雨凇最为频繁,20世纪80年代和21世纪初次之,20世纪90年代出现最少。③盘县雨凇均发生在12月—次年的3月,以1月出现最多。④雨凇存在的特点与冬季气温有关,相对冷冬年份的雨凇日数比相对暖冬或正常年份的雨凇日数偏多。⑤当雨凇天气发生时,气象条件基本满足气温≤0℃,日降水量为0.6mm左右,相对湿度≥85%,风速在0~3m/s之间。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(6)
冰害是电网的主要气象灾害之一,电线积冰与雾凇和雨凇密切相关。利用1980—2009年河北省142个气象观测站的雾凇、雨凇日数和20个气象站的电线积冰、相对湿度、气温、风速及站点海拔高度,以及近年来输电线路冰害事故和附近区域站同期气温、相对湿度、风速等资料,采用逐步回归等统计分析方法,对雾凇、雨凇和电线积冰的时空分布特征、冰害与气象要素的关系进行分析,并构建电线积冰的逐步回归预报模型。结果表明:1980—2009年,河北省雾凇和电线积冰日数均呈现先升后降的阶段性变化特征,1980年代末至1990年代中期为一高峰期,而雨凇日数年变化特征不明显;在空间上,雾凇、雨凇多出现在平原地区,雨凇中心比雾凇中心更偏东。电线积冰与雾凇、雨凇以及站点海拔高度密切相关,相关系数分别为0.988 5、0.760 6、-0.601 8,但仅雾凇日数和站点海拔高度被引入电线积冰日数预报方程。对河北省电线线路冰害事故分析发现,当气温低于3℃时,导线可能出现舞动;导线舞动或冰闪时的相对湿度都在60%以上,舞动时风速大于5 m·s~(-1)。 相似文献
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丹东地区沿海和山区降雪气候特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用丹东地区4个观测站1955—2010年逐年10月至翌年4月逐日降水量、天气现象、雪深等资料,对丹东地区南部沿海和北部山区降雪气候特征进行了分析,结果表明:丹东地区沿海和山区降雪初日、终日及初终日间隔日数、年降雪日数、年降雪量、降水相态、日最大降雪量、日最大积雪深度等平均特征不同。与山区相比,沿海降雪初期较晚,终期较早,初、终日间日数较短,年降雪日数和年降雪量相对较少。在丹东地区1955—2010年降雪时段平均气温升高趋势显著背景下,丹东地区降雪初期推迟、终期提前、初终日间隔日数缩短;降雪日数减少,其中雨夹雪日数所占百分比显著增多;降雪量减少,其中主要是纯雪量减少;日最大降雪量和积雪深度呈减小趋势;沿海和山区变化幅度不同。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献