共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2015年5月19—20日广东省强降水过程具有降水集中、强度大和局地性强的特点,利用广东省自动气象站观测资料、ECMWF_FINE再分析资料,对此次强降水过程进行分析发现:华南地区受低槽东移影响,强降水发生在切变线南侧偏南暖湿流场中,粤北降水属于锋面降水,粤东降水属于锋前暖区降水,两者在水汽输送和动力机制上有显著区别。孟加拉湾和南海输送的水汽在这次强降水过程中占主导地位,南边界和东边界为水汽的流入边界,整体水汽输送以经向输入为主。暖区降水区域处于较强的水汽平流环境中,具有更大的水汽净输送量,造成粤东地区的降水量更大。对流层高层辐散比中低层辐合更为重要,是粤东暖区降水重要的动力属性,且暖区中低层流场的旋转效应弱,有区别于典型的梅雨锋降水。利用绝热无摩擦湿位涡守恒进行诊断发现对流不稳定是此次强降水发展的主要机制,暴雨发生区域对应湿位涡垂直分量为负值,水平分量为正值,底层MPV1＜0和MPV2＞0综合反映了大气对流不稳定和斜压不稳定的增强过程。降水区对流层低层受负湿位涡控制,低层湿位涡负值区与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
2.
Peng WEI Xin XU Ming XUE Chenyue ZHANG Yuan WANG Kun ZHAO Ang ZHOU Shushi ZHANG Kefeng ZHU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):337-349
An extremely heavy rainfall event occurred in Zhengzhou, China, on 20 July 2021 and produced an hourly rainfall rate of 201.9 mm, which broke the station record for mainland China. Based on radar observations and a convection-permitting simulation using the WRF-ARW model, this paper investigates the multiscale processes, especially those at the mesoscale,that support the extreme observed hourly rainfall. Results show that the extreme rainfall occurred in an environment characteristic of warm-sec... 相似文献
3.
Analysis of Mesoscale Convective Systems Associated With a Warm-Sector Rainstorm Event Over South China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
With multiple meteorological data, including precipitation from automatic weather stations, integrated satellite-based precipitation (CMORPH), brightness temperature (TBB), radar echoes and NCEP reanalysis, a rainstorm event, which occurred on May 26, 2007 over South China, is analyzed with the focus on the evolution characteristics of associated mesoscale-β convective systems (Mβcss). Results are shown as follows. (1) The rainstorm presents itself as a typical warm-sector event, for it occurs within a surface inverted trough and on the left side of a southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ), which shows no obvious features of baroclinicity. (2) The heavy rainfall event is directly related to at least three bodies of Mβcss with peak precipitation corresponding well to their mature stages. (3) The Mβcss manifest a backward propagation, which is marked with a new form of downstream convection different from the more usual type of forward propagation over South China, i.e., new convective systems mainly form at the rear part of older Mβcss. (4) Rainstorm-causing Mβcss form near the convergence region on the left side of an 850-hPa southwesterly LLJ, over which there are dominantly divergent air flows at 200 hPa. Different from the typical flow pattern of outward divergence off the east side of South Asia High, which is usually found to be over zones of heavy rains during the annually first rainy season of South China, this warm-sector heavy rain is below the divergence region formed between the easterly and southerly flows west of the South Asian High that is moving out to sea. (5) The LLJ transports abundant amount of warm and moist air to the heavy rainfall area, providing advantageous conditions for highly unstable energy to generate and store at middle and high levels, where corresponding low-level warm advection may be playing a more direct role in the development of Mβcss. As a triggering mechanism for organized convective systems, the effect of low-level warm advection deserves more of our attention. Based on the analysis of surface mesoscale airflow in the article, possible triggering mechanisms for Mβcss are also discussed. 相似文献
4.
华南暖区暴雨事件的筛选与分类研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用逐小时降水资料,采用客观方法对1982~2015年华南地区暖区暴雨进行了筛选和分类研究。主要结果如下:华南区域暖区暴雨事件共计177例,暖区暴雨占筛选的暴雨事件的16.86%,表明暖区暴雨是华南非常重要的降水过程。暖区暴雨主要出现在4~7月,6月份最多,平均持续11.58 h。暖区暴雨事件发生位置主要集中在广东、广西的沿海地区和粤北山区,有四个降雨中心。产生华南暖区暴雨的天气形势主要有四类,切变线型、低涡型、南风型和回流型,不同类型的暖区暴雨对华南地区的内陆和沿海的作用不同,且南风影响下的暖区暴雨发生频率较高,影响较大,是一类较为重要的暖区暴雨。 相似文献
5.
在对34年华南暖区暴雨的筛选和客观分类研究的基础上,继续深入研究不同类型暖区暴雨的环流特征与对流发生环境变量特征的异同。主要结果如下:大部分切变线型、低涡型和回流型暖区暴雨个例的环境场斜压性较强,其中回流型暖区暴雨在关键区斜压性最强,而南风型暖区暴雨个例的环境场斜压性相对较弱;所有类型暖区暴雨发生时对流层中高层的中纬度基本为平直西风气流控制,降水区主要位于西风带短波槽槽前,低层均有低空急流的影响。各类暖区暴雨的主要差异在于高层南亚高压、中层短波槽和副热带高压的位置和强度差异以及低层低空急流的位置、强度、风向和水汽输送条件的不同。切变线型暖区暴雨发生时0～3 km垂直风切变最强,低涡型暖区暴雨对流有效位能最大,两类南风型暖区暴雨的动力和热力强迫都较弱,对其发生发展机理需要开展更深入研究。 相似文献
6.
利用2010—2016年5—6月ERA5逐小时再分析数据集和国家气象信息中心逐小时降水量融合产品,对影响华南地区的低空急流事件进行筛选和分类,并分析天气系统相关的低空急流（Synoptic-system-related Low-Level Jet,SLLJ）和边界层急流（Boundary Layer Jet,BLJ）的日变化及其影响下的华南降水日变化的时空分布特征。结果表明,BLJ和SLLJ在白天减弱、夜间增强,并在凌晨达到峰值,其日变化主要与边界层惯性振荡引起的非地转风的顺时针旋转有关。双急流日华南地区降水量显著增加,且降水日变化有明显的区域差异,这与双急流的演变和配置密切相关。广西中北部主要为SLLJ左前方发生的夜间山区降水,且降水量仅有凌晨的单峰。广西沿海和广东地区存在早晨和午后两个峰值,BLJ出口区辐合和SLLJ入口区辐散的维持有利于降水频率的增大,从而导致午后峰值的出现,而早晨的峰值除了受双急流有利配置的影响外,主要归因于早晨降水强度的增加。 相似文献
7.
Analysis of the Role Played by Circulation in the Persistent
Precipitation over South China in June 2010 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
South China(SC) experienced persistent heavy rain in June 2010.The climatic anomalies and related mechanism are analyzed in this study.Results show that the large-scale circulation pattern favorable for precipitation was maintained.In the upper level,the South Asian High and westerly jet stream provided a divergent circulation over SC.In the middle and low levels,an anomalous strong subtropical high(STH) extended to the South China Sea.The southwesterly monsoon flow along the northwest flank of the STH transported abundant water vapor from the western North Pacific,the Bay of Bengal,and the South China Sea to SC.The precipitation can be classified into two types:the West Siberia low(WSL)-induced low-level cyclone mode,and the STH-induced low-level jet mode.STH and WSL indices are defined to estimate the influence of these two systems,respectively.Analysis shows that both are critical for precipitation,but their respective contributions differ from year to year.In 2010,both were important factors for the heavy rainfall in June. 相似文献
8.
一次连续性暴雨中双雨带的成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用NCEP/ NCAR 1 ?×1 ?再分析资料,对2005年6月17—22日发生在长江以南的一次连续性暴雨过程分析发现,在连续性暴雨过程中,长江以南有两支雨带存在,北雨带与冷锋降水以及副热带西风急流右后方的非地转场引起的质量调整有关。南雨带的形成与东、西风急流和南亚高压的共同作用有关：东风急流中心右后部的非地转场可形成反环流,有利于南雨带形成;南亚高压脊线附近以及东风急流的右后方的du/dt<0,可导致雨区附近及南部强的v-vg<0场出现;当西风急流南压,在雨区的北部即西风中心的后部可形成强的v-vg>0,三者共同作用的质量调整使雨区上空出现强辐散场导致暖区强降水出现。分析发现南雨带中层有θe锋区存在,该锋区有利于不稳定能量的释放,使暴雨加强,当南北锋区接近时雨带合并。 相似文献
9.
2020年5月22日珠江三角洲地区出现了一次极端强降水天气,最大滑动小时雨量201.8 mm,3 h雨量达到351 mm。为探讨此次极端强降水的关键预报因子及可预报性,对热带中尺度集合预报系统（CMA-TRAMS（EPS））降水预报产品进行检验评估和敏感性分析,结果表明:与欧洲中期数值预报中心集合预报系统（ECMWF-EPS）相比,CMA-TRAMS（EPS）的好成员对本次过程降水强度及位置的预报结果与实况更接近,但对极端性预报仍有欠缺。好成员的预报能力来自于对低涡和（超）低空急流的演变特征以及两者强度和位置耦合的有效预测。好成员组预报珠江三角洲东部（超）低空急流南风分量较强,有利于低涡缓慢移动和气旋性辐合增强,致使降水持续时间长、效率高。而低涡自身发展又反馈于急流强度变化,好成员组较准确地刻画了增强的低涡环流反馈导致急流小范围加速的耦合特征。其他成员组预报的低涡和（超）低空急流的耦合位置偏东、偏南,辐合强度偏弱,导致降水强度或落区出现偏差。此外,强降水致使冷池形成,并增强激烈的冷、暖气团对峙（水平温度梯度达0.23—0.76℃/km）,有利于中尺度辐合线维持,加强对流后向传播并产生极端降水量。但CMA-TRAMS（EPS）两组成员在预报中尺度系统的组织性和传播特征方面均存在明显不足,限制了集合预报系统对极端降水的预报能力。 相似文献
10.
利用多普勒雷达、气象卫星、自动气象站等监测数据以及NCEP再分析资料,对桂林2019年6月6-12日接连3次强降水天气过程的环流背景、影响系统与形成原因进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)3次过程按影响系统分属暖区暴雨、低涡暴雨和锋面暴雨过程,均发生在高空急流右侧辐散、低空急流左侧辐合叠加区。(2)3次过程均受500 hPa短波槽和地面中尺度辐合线影响,但第1次过程中西南急流及地形等、第2次过程中低涡切变线、第3次过程中冷锋也起到重要作用。(3)3次过程的触发系统不同,第1次暖区暴雨过程迎风坡地形对其起触发作用,西南急流使得后向传播的对流云带维持;第2次低涡暴雨过程的触发系统为低层位于贵州一带的西南涡,西部冷空气侵入与西南急流加强是低涡对流云团维持较长时间的原因;第3次锋面暴雨的触发系统为冷锋,锋面配合锋前暖湿气流使对流云带加强。(4)第1次过程暖区暴雨MCS模态主要为线状后向扩建类,极端强降水出现在线对流中后端;第2次过程低涡暴雨MCS模态为涡旋类,极端强降水出现在涡旋中心附近;第3次过程锋面暴雨MCS模态由前期后部层云区线状对流转为层状云包裹对流系统,强降水发生在线对流弯曲或中心强回波处。 相似文献
11.
Effects of intraseasonal oscillation on the anomalous East Asian summer monsoon during 1999 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The 1999 East Asian summer monsoon was very unusual for its weak northward advance and remarkably anomalous climate conditions. The monsoonal southwesterly airflow and related rain belt in East Asia were blocked south of the Yangtze River Valley. The monsoonal airflow and major moisture transport conduct shifted eastward and turned northward to Japan from the tropical western Pacific rather than to East China from the South China Sea （SCS） as in normal years. Severe and prolonged drought occurred over extensive areas of North China and heavy precipitation in South China and Japan. The investigation on the possible intrinsic mechanisms related to such an anomalous monsoon year has shown that the unique behavior of intraseasonal oscillation may play an essential role during this process. During this year, the northward propagation of 30-60-day anomalous low-level cyclone/anticyclone collapsed in the region around 20°N and did not extend beyond the latitudes of the Yangtze River basin due to the barrier of strong cold air intrusion from the mid-latitudes. The southwesterly moisture flux on the northwestern flank of the anticyclonic moisture transport system in the western North Pacific, which was regulated by the northward shift of 30-60-day cyclonic/anticyclonic moisture transport, also did not reach the region north of 30°N as well. Under this circumstance, the weak northward advance of the monsoon westerlies and associated northward moisture transport could not arrive in North China and led to the severe droughts there in 1999. The SCS and South China were mostly affected by the airflow in the southern and northern flanks of the same 30-60-day cyclones or anticyclones, respectively, and thus controlled by the nearly reverse zonal wind and moisture convergent/divergent conditions. The rainfall in the SCS and South China showed out-of-phase oscillation through the transient local Hadley circulation, with the rainfall maximum occurring in the SCS （South China） when the 30-60-day anticyclone （cyclone） r 相似文献
12.
东亚地区夏季风爆发过程 总被引：72，自引：5，他引：67
利用中国194站1961～1995年日降水资料及NCEP1979～1997年候格点降水资料,探讨了亚洲地区自春到夏的雨季开始分布。结果表明,东亚地区自春到夏存在副热带季风雨季开始和热带季风雨季开始。前者于4月初开始于华南北部和江南地区,随后向南和向西南扩展,于4月末扩展到华南沿海和中南半岛,这个雨带主要是冷空气和副热带高压西侧转向的SW风以及南亚地区冬春副热带南支西风槽中西风汇合而形成的,是副热带季风雨季开始。后者是南海热带季风爆发后使原来由江南移到华南沿岸的副热带季风雨带随副热带高压北进而北进,前汛期雨季进入盛期,江南出现第二次雨峰,形成梅雨期和江淮及华北雨季。同时,热带季风雨带也自东向西传播到达南亚地区而形成热带季风雨季。还讨论了1998年东亚地区夏季风爆发过程,指出南海夏季风爆发期的季风由副高北侧形成的新生气旋进入南海造成南海中部西风和南海越赤道气流转向的SW季风加强汇合而形成,因而是东亚季风系统中环流系统季节变化造成的,和印度季风无关。在南海季风爆发期阿拉伯海仍由副热带反气旋控制,南亚仍是上述副热带反气旋北侧NW风南下后转向的偏西副热带气流所控制,索马里低空急流仍未爆发,赤道西风并未影响南海。 相似文献
13.
华南连续性特大致洪暴雨个例分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用气象常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从越赤道气流、降水时空分布以及过程开始、持续和结束环流时特征等方面对2005年6月18~24日华南连续性特大致洪暴雨过程进行了分析。结果发现,暴雨的空间分布有着双雨带特征,即南北两条雨带,北面雨带对应着切变线,南面的雨带对应着低空急流;暴雨开始前及暴雨过程中,索马里附近一直维持强盛的越赤道气流,同时在100°~160°E之间也有越赤道气流活动并有西进现象;500hPa西风槽、850hPa切变线是这次过程开始和维持的重要系统;华南上空对流层高层东风的建立是这次过程结束时重要特征;南海北部至广东上空低空急流中心风速的周期性脉动与广东强降水的日变化现象有着很好的对应关系。 相似文献
14.
2008年6月广东省连续性暴雨的成因 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析2008年6月12-18日广东省连续性暴雨过程的环流背景及成因。结果表明：在中纬短波槽和南支槽活跃的环流形势下,低层低涡切变线和西南急流引起的强烈上升运动是这次广东省连续性暴雨的触发因子。孟加拉湾和西北太平洋的2支水汽在南海汇合,持续向华南输送暖湿空气,并由经向风场辐合形成较强的水汽辐合中心。连续性暴雨期间,华南上空异常加热源有利于其西北侧低空异常气旋性环流的维持和广东省沿海地区西南急流的稳定存在。异常偏强的水汽输送辐合和大气热源加热是这次连续性暴雨得以维持的重要原因。 相似文献
15.
Role of the subtropical westerly jet waveguide in a southern China heavy rainstorm in December 2013 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
An extreme rainstorm hit southern China during 13–17 December 2013, with a record-breaking daily rainfall rate, large spatial extent, and unusually long persistence. We examined what induced this heavy rainfall process, based on observed rainfall data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data through composite and diagnostic methods. The results showed that a Rossby waveguide within the subtropical westerly jet caused the event. The Rossby wave originated from strong cold air intrusion into the subtropical westerly jet over the eastern Mediterranean. With the enhancement and northward shift of the Middle East westerly jet, the Rossby wave propagated slowly eastward and deepened the India–Burma trough, which transported a large amount of moisture from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to southern China. Strong divergence in the upper troposphere, caused by the enhancement of the East Asian westerly jet, also favored the heavy rainfall process over Southeast China. In addition, the Rossby wave was associated with a negative-to-positive phase shift and enhancement of the North Atlantic Oscillation, but convergence in the eastern Mediterranean played the key role in the eastward propagation of the Rossby wave within the subtropical westerly jet. 相似文献
16.
2017年盛夏湖南持续性暴雨过程的水汽输送和收支特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先分析了2017年6月下旬至7月初湖南持续性暴雨天气过程的环流背景和大尺度水汽输送特征,然后引入NOAA的轨迹模式HYSPLIT,分阶段定量分析了暴雨的水汽输送特征以及区域水汽收支情况。结果表明：天气系统的有效配置和稳定维持是强降雨持续的主要原因,持续性暴雨与全球范围的水汽输送和水汽辐合相联系,低空急流的演变和进退与暴雨落区和强度的演变关系密切。影响此次强降水过程的水汽通道主要有三支,第一支由索马里越赤道急流经孟加拉湾和我国西南地区输入暴雨区,第二支由印度洋中东部越赤道气流经孟加拉湾南部和南海北部输入暴雨区,第三支由来自南半球的越赤道气流自南海南部一路北上输入暴雨区,第三阶段还有一支水汽由赤道西太平洋穿越菲律宾进入南海后再北上输入暴雨区。过程第一、二阶段的水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾,其次是南海,第三阶段来自孟加拉湾和南海（包括西太平洋）的水汽输送各占一半。受地形影响,孟加拉湾通道的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa,其他来自低纬洋面的通道水汽主要输送到850 hPa及以下各层。暴雨区水汽输入主要来自南边界和西边界,且主要由低层输入暴雨区,以水平水汽通量辐合的形式在暴雨区上空低层大量汇聚,经由强烈的垂直上升运动输送至对流层中高层积累和凝结,从而导致降水的产生,降水的强弱与边界水汽输入和区域水汽辐合的强弱变化一致。 相似文献
17.
The characteristics of moisture transport and budget of widespread heavy
rain and local heavy rain events in Northeast China are studied using the
NCEP--NCAR reanalysis 6-hourly and daily data and daily precipitation data
of 200 stations in Northeast China from 1961--2005. The results demonstrate
that during periods with widespread heavy rain in Northeast China, the Asian
monsoon is very active and the monsoonal northward moisture transport is
strengthened significantly. The widespread heavy rainfall obtains enhanced
water vapor supply from large regions where the water vapor mainly
originates from the Asian monsoon areas, which include the East Asian
subtropical monsoon area, the South China Sea, and the southeast
and southwest tropical monsoon regions. There are several branches of
monsoonal moisture current converging on East China and its coastal areas,
where they are strengthened and then continue northward into Northeast
China. Thus, the enhanced northward monsoonal moisture transport is the key
to the widespread heavy rain in Northeast China. In contrast, local heavy
rainfall in Northeast China derives water vapor from limited areas,
transported by the westerlies. Local evaporation also plays an important
role in the water vapor supply and local recycling process of moisture. In
short, the widespread heavy rains of Northeast China are mainly caused by
water vapor advection brought by the Asian monsoon, whereas local heavy
rainfall is mainly caused by the convergence of the westerly wind field. 相似文献
18.
通过对2010年夏季我国南方两次持续性强降水期间对流层高、中、低多个大尺度关键影响系统的时空演变特征及其影响机制的分析和比较,讨论了我国南方持续性强降水的大气环流特征。结果表明:这两次持续性强降水均出现了东亚西风带沿海低槽不断快速重建或加深,且中纬度锋区位置稳定维持,低空西南急流反复加强,且其轴线左侧的南风经向强梯度带位置相对稳定,副热带高空西风急流和南亚高压脊线及西太平洋副热带高压的纬度带位置相对稳定;相应地,在强降水带上空反复出现强烈的低层水汽辐合抬升、高层辐散抽吸及垂直上升运动发展,进而形成持续性强降水。西西伯利亚低槽的不断快速重建与加深 (东移)、马斯克林高压西侧高压及马斯克林高压的不断加强东移、副热带高空西风急流的建立和维持对南方持续性强降水具有超前指示意义。强降水带位于东亚低空西南急流轴左侧南风经向强梯度辐合带、高空西风急流南侧至南亚高压脊线北侧之间的强辐散区及中层垂直上升速度大值带中。 相似文献
19.
Li Yana Lau Ngar-Cheung Tam Chi-Yung Cheung Ho-Nam Deng Yi Zhang Henian 《Climate Dynamics》2021,56(11):4013-4026
Summer monsoonal rainfall over East Asia is dominated by precipitation associated with the East Asian summer monsoonal front (EASMF). A Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5.1) with a high horizontal resolution of 50 km is employed in this study to investigate the interannual variability as well as projected future trends in the EASMF under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Seasonal march of the EASMF is reproduced reasonably well in the model’s present-day simulation despite a northward shift of the simulated front from its observed position. Based upon a suite of objectively-defined daily indices of the EASMF, we show that the EASMF in the late twenty-first century will be more intense and displaced eastward and southward from its present-day mean location. Moreover, EASMF events will exhibit a wider meridional expansion and a longer duration. Monsoonal precipitation over East Asia is particularly sensitive to the meridional displacements of EASMF. In conjunction with the projected southward shift of EASMF, an enhanced rain band is seen to extend northeastward from southern China to the northwestern Pacific south of Japan. This precipitation feature is associated with strengthened and southward-shifted westerly jet streams at 250 and 700 hPa, which are respectively linked to tropical warming in the upper troposphere and warming over the South China Sea in the lower troposphere during the twenty-first century. Within the latitudinal “gap” south of the upper-level jet and north of the lower-level jet, the local vorticity tendencies are maintained by upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence, thus accompanied by enhanced upward motion and precipitation. The site at which this “jet stream-precipitation” relationship prevails is notably modulated by long-term trends in the temperature and circulation patterns associated with climate change.
相似文献20.
夏季中国南方流域性致洪暴雨与季风涌的关系 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28
中国淮河以南地区夏季最易受到洪水灾害的威胁，这种致洪暴雨一般出现在沿着河谷走向的静止锋上。在引发致洪暴雨的环流系统中，季风涌的作用非常重要，它提供了暴雨产生所必须的水汽。分析了1998、2003、2005及2006年中国南方流域性致洪暴雨和东亚季风涌，以及与赤道附近大气环流的30～60天振荡（称作Madden—Julian Oscillation，简称MJO）活动的关系。当来自赤道印度洋的MJO引起南海地区西风的加强；南海西风的加强，触发中国南部大陆出现季风涌；季风涌与来自北方的冷空气交绥，造成静止锋上的致洪暴雨。由此提出我国南方夏季流域性致洪暴雨中、短期预报的基本思路。 相似文献