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根据天津市静海区18个乡镇2009—2018年逐时降水量,以及社会经济、地理地形、水利设施等数据,结合历史受灾信息,分别对静海区的暴雨致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性及防灾减灾能力进行分析,采用GIS技术和统计方法多因子叠加,综合得出静海地区暴雨灾害风险精细化评估和区划。研究发现,静海区北部区域以及南部中旺镇及其周边风险较高,而静海地区中部的风险较低;暴雨灾害高风险区主要分布在致灾因子敏感性、承灾体易损性较高而防灾减灾能力较低的静海镇和梁头镇及其周边,应加强防灾减灾设施建设。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
利用1961—2009年苏浙沪地区144个气象站的观测数据和2008—2010年苏浙沪地区社会经济资料,从致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感度、承灾体易损性及抗灾能力4个方面综合评估和分析了苏浙沪地区高温灾害风险的空间差异。结果表明:1961—2009年苏浙沪地区高温致灾因子呈南高北低的分布特征,浙江地区高温致灾因子危险性明显大于上海和江苏地区;孕灾环境敏感度指数呈北部和中部地区高、南部地区低的分布,高温灾害高敏感区主要分布在江苏、上海及浙北的平原和沿海地区;经济发达和规模较大的苏浙沪核心城市多为高温灾害承灾体高易损性区,苏北和浙南相对欠发达地区多为高温灾害承灾体低易损性区、次低易损性区或中等易损性区;沪宁杭地区高温灾害的抗灾能力最强,对应的抗灾能力风险较低,而苏北地区和浙南山区高温灾害的的抗灾能力风险较高。综合致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感度、承灾体易损性和抗灾能力4个方面,苏浙沪地区高温灾害综合风险总体呈中南部地区风险高、北部地区风险低的分布,高温灾害高风险区和次高风险区主要集中分布在浙江大部及上海、苏南部分地区,高温灾害低风险区或次低风险区主要分布在长江以北和浙江沿海地区。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2021,39(3)
利用1961—2018年青海省气象资料、地理信息数据和社会经济数据,对青海省干旱灾害风险区划进行研究。结果表明:(1)致灾因子危险性较高的地区主要在青海省东部和南部,较低地区主要在青海省西部。(2)孕灾环境脆弱性整体自西北向东南逐渐降低,西北地区脆弱性风险较高,东南部较低。(3)承灾体暴露风险较高的地区主要在青海省东部,其他地区风险较低。(4)防灾减灾能力较高的地区主要在青海省西北部,而青海省南部和东部防灾减灾能力较低。(5)干旱灾害综合风险总体自东向西递减,高风险区主要在青海省东部地区,低风险区主要在青海省西部地区。(6)青海省干旱灾害高风险区主要由于致灾因子危险性及承灾体暴露性都较高,低风险区主要是致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露性较低,且防灾减灾能力强。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(6)
以内蒙古51个牧业旗县为研究区域,选取牧区频繁发生的旱灾为研究对象,从旱灾的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性和防灾减灾能力4个方面着手,利用自然灾害风险指数法、专家打分法、熵权系数法和层次分析法,确定风险评估的指标及其权重,建立牧业干旱灾害风险评估模型,借助GIS技术,完成内蒙古牧区干旱灾害风险分布特征分析及其区划。结果表明:内蒙古牧区干旱高风险区呈带状分布,主要集中在沿贺兰山—阴山—大兴安岭南段一带,包括鄂尔多斯中部和东北部、巴彦淖尔市北部的部分地区、包头中部、呼和浩特市中部、乌兰察布市中部、锡林郭勒盟偏南地区、赤峰市北部、通辽市西北部地区,以上地区海拔高,地形以中、低丘陵为主,干旱致灾因子危险性高、孕灾环境敏感性高且承灾体易损性也高。 相似文献
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为了加强暴雨相关的防灾减灾工作的科学性，本文基于云南省126个国家气象站2010—2019年10年的逐时降水资料和基础地理信息数据，从暴雨灾害致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性和承灾体易损性3个方面，建立暴雨灾害风险评估模型，利用熵值法、自然断点法、ArcGIS插值和栅格分析方法，实现云南省暴雨灾害风险的区划评估。结果显示:①暴雨灾害高风险区主要集中于云南南部，包括西双版纳州、普洱市、红河南部、德宏州及北部地区；②迪庆州、怒江州、丽江市北部等地暴雨灾害风险等级较低；③全省暴雨灾害高风险区、次高风险区面积占比分别为7.05%、25.22%，低风险区、次低风险区面积占比分别为10.32%、21.86%。使用2020年暴雨灾害次数、暴雨日对区划评估结果进行检验表明，区划评估结果具有科学合理性。 相似文献
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利用潍坊各区县2008—2017年的气象观测资料、地理空间数据和社会经济数据，基于GIS技术和自然灾害风险指数模型，考虑短时强降雨对潍坊市城市内涝造成的影响，对潍坊市强降雨洪涝风险的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力多个因子定量分析，构建了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险评价模型，并编制了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险区划。结果表明：灾害发生的高风险区主要位于高密、诸城等地区，潍坊北部地区孕灾环境敏感性指数较大，市中心区域则因人口、经济地位显著而易损性风险较大。该风险区划结果基本反映了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害的潜在风险，为潍坊市的洪涝灾害防灾减灾提供技术支持和决策依据。 相似文献
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以自然灾害风险四因子理论为基础,综合考虑研究区自然及社会经济情况,建立适合天山山区干旱灾害风险概念框架和指标体系,结合GIS技术进行了该地区干旱灾害风险评估与区划。结果表明：致灾因子危险性较高的区域是伊犁河谷及天山北坡一带,东疆地区和南疆西部危险性较低;承灾体脆弱性较高的区域为伊犁河谷和博州地区,吐鲁番、哈密及克州属于低脆弱区;孕灾环境敏感性较高地区主要分布在天山北坡的精河至吐鲁番一线、阿克苏地区西部、巴州北部等地,伊犁河谷、巴州北部、哈密市北部、南疆西部山区属低敏感区;防灾减灾能力整体表现为中东部高于西部区域;新疆天山山区干旱综合风险整体呈现出中部高、两端低的趋势,即中部的天山南北两侧干旱风险高于南疆西部和东疆地区。构建的评估模型总体反映了研究区旱灾综合风险水平,可为新疆天山草原灾害风险管理、应对气候变化、抗旱减灾行动提供参考。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献