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1.
利用区域自动气象站资料、天气雷达资料、宁波机场AWOS(automated weather observation system)资料和NCEP再分析资料等对2017年7月22日发生在宁波机场附近的一次孤立强雷暴大风环境条件和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：1)雷暴大风发生在较强的对流有效位能、弱的垂直风切变和上层干燥近地面暖湿的大气层结配置下,海风锋是主要触发系统。2)雷暴大风发生时,地面出现明显冷池和中尺度雷暴高压。3)强反射率因子顶部高度快速下降,中层径向辐合达到18 m·s-1,低层速度辐散超过25 m·s-1等指标,对雷暴大风预警具有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用常规站资料、ERA5资料（0.25°×0.25°）以及务川雷达和铜仁新一代多普勒天气雷达资料对2022年4月24日发生在贵州铜仁市多个区（县）的一次雷暴大风过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）此次天气过程是发生上干下湿的不稳定环境中,高空槽、南支槽、低涡、切变线和地面辐合线都为此次强对流天气过程提供了触发条件。（2）大的DCAPE值、中层中等强度的垂直风切变和低层较强的垂直风切变以及较大的850hPa与500hPa的温差都是利于大风产生的条件。（3）大风常常出现在弓形回波前部突出处,高悬的强回波、弱回波区、高的回波顶高以及径向速度中出现逆风区和强并且深厚的中层径向辐合等都是出现大风天气的雷达产品特征。 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。 相似文献
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四川盆地雷暴大风雷达回波特征统计分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用2009—2018年地面、高空、闪电定位、多普勒雷达资料统计出四川盆地的34次雷暴大风过程,并根据冷空气参与情况及500 hPa影响系统将其分为五种类型:混合性大风类(Ⅰ类)、深厚低槽(低涡)后部类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-1)、低槽(切变)东移类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-2)、副热带高压西侧切变类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-3)和东风扰动类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-4)。统计分析了五类过程中发生雷暴大风站点对应的雷达回波特征,包括:对流组织类型、雷达回波强度、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量、中层径向辐合、风暴移动速度、回波质心下降、低仰角风速大值区和辐散。结果表明,82%的雷暴大风站点具有风速大值区,不同类型的雷暴大风过程还有其他不同的雷达回波特征,这些特征大多可提前10 min以上。另外,当站点出现中层径向辐合、辐散、回波强度大且伴有强梯度或回波类型为飑线时,也要考虑大风是否出现。 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料、ERA5再分析资料、北京VDRAS资料以及雷达资料，对2021年7月31日发生在河北中南部的一次弓状强飑线过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次飑线过程发生在冷涡的背景下，500 hPa涡后的冷空气与850 hPa的暖脊叠加，建立了不稳定层结，在地面辐合线附近触发。（2）雷达回波由分散的对流单体合并加强，强弓形出现时，最大强度值超过55 dBZ，存在径向速度大值区和中层径向辐合等特征，这些都预示地面大风的出现，而回波悬垂预示冰雹出现。（3）雷达反演的风场可以显示飑线的水平和垂直结构，能清楚地指示飑线的出流、入流以及辐合区，对指示飑线不同部位的发展趋势有重要指示意义。（4）地面风场辐合导致雷暴单体触发，雷暴单体在不稳定的大气层结中获得快速发展，发展过程中0～3 km的垂直风切变逐渐增强，低层形成冷池，热力不均匀区域扩大，沿着扰动温度梯度大值区与风场辐合区，新生对流向东向南传播，分散对流单体合并演变为飑线。（5）从飑线发展阶段的热动力结构分析中发现，由倾斜上升气流与下沉气流形成垂直环流，下沉气流增强时，冷池效应增强，低层环境垂直风切变也增强，环境条件的改变是飑线发展的结果，同... 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、探空资料、多普勒天气雷达基本产品及导出产品,分析了2017年8月中旬萍乡地区雷暴大风天气过程,并选取了其中最强的一次过程进行了细致的分析。结果表明,“北低槽、南副高”的环流形势是此次长时间雷暴大风的环流背景,萍乡受“上下一致”的西南急流控制,中低层切变线、西南急流导致了强对流不稳定;低层逆温、“上干冷、下暖湿”以及风垂直切变的垂直结构,为雷暴大风的产生提供了层结条件和能量条件;地面热低压和地面辐合线、干线等是此次雷暴大风的触发机制。飑线过境,气象要素变化剧烈,在“人”字形回波附近,回波断裂处等区域容易产生强雷暴大风天气。强回波高度迅速下降、拖曳作用、动量下传、中层干暖空气的夹卷及蒸发作用、一定强度的中层径向辐合等多种因素导致了此次地面大风。垂直累积液态含水量、最大反射率因子、风暴顶高的持续下降,对地面大风天气的预报具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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利用MICAPS资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6 h再分析数据以及FY-2G卫星、安康雷达探测等资料,对2019年6月2日发生在秦巴山区的一次罕见雷暴大风天气进行成因综合分析。结果表明:2日陕南中东部地区存在有利于强对流风暴发生和发展的热力不稳定条件;地面图上,傍晚前后从关中向陕南发展移动的冷池触发了本次雷暴大风天气;过程发生时,云图上中尺度对流系统云系逐渐东移南压,云顶亮温梯度最大区域和地面冷池前方辐合线位置基本一致;雷暴大风发生时低层雷达速度图上有显著的大风速核、明显的中层径向辐合和低层辐散及其雷达强回波质心的下降,这些都为雷暴大风天气的预报预警提供了一定的指示。 相似文献
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2021年8月3日柳州市出现一次伴有短时强降水和下击暴流的强雷暴大风天气过程。利用观测资料以及柳州自动站分钟级数据、雷达、风廓线等资料，对此次过程中下击暴流的成因进行分析。结果表明：①此次过程是在大陆高压与热带辐合带间中低层为一致东北气流的背景下，弱垂直风切变与强不稳定能量、深厚干空气源、近地面的干绝热递减等有利环境条件下，由地面中尺度辐合线抬升触发的。②下击暴流初始回波具有脉冲风暴特征，之后发展成多单体风暴；下击暴流发生前有反射率核心下降，低层入流及中层径向辐合增强等特征，其垂直结构表现为低层辐散、中层辐合、中高层辐合旋转。③地面大风出现前风廓线雷达风场有明显高空动量下传和低层风速减小，大风出现在低层风速开始增强时刻，早于低层风速最强时。④下击暴流的产生与降水粒子的拖曳作用和负浮力有关；地形作用使得强对流回波沿地形运动，且下坡地形与峡谷效应对极端大风的形成有叠加作用。 相似文献
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利用日常业务常规高空和地面探测、观测资料,地面加密自动站分钟数据资料以及榕江站、贵阳站C波段多普勒天气雷达探测资料,分析了2020年3月23日贵州榕江飑线大风及长顺大冰雹的成因及雷达回波特征 。结果表明：（1）此次飑线大风与大冰雹发生在南支槽前暖区,地面热低压发展推动辐合线移动、低层西南暖湿气流、中层干冷空气、合适的0℃和-20℃高度均为此次飑线大风及大冰雹的产生提供了有利的环境条件。（2）雷达回波大冰雹特征突出：强回波悬垂,有界弱回波区,弓形回波,中心强度强（60dBz以上）且50dBz强回波伸展超过-20℃高度达到9km以上,垂直积分液态水含量最高达到了70kg/m2,连续超过两个体扫VIL≥60kg/m2,回波顶高连续超过两个体扫在15km以上。（3）飑线雷达回波大风特征明显：弓形回波形态特征明显且移动较快,移速约40千米/小时,低层径向速度大,中层径向辐合大风区下传,速度零线通过观测站后大风加速。（4）短临预警业务中,对飑线大风天气,应重点关注低仰角速度大值区、中层径向辐合和弓形带状回波生成后移动发展对下游地区的影响;对大冰雹天气,应重点关注大于50dBZ强回波垂直扩展的高度、VIL和ET高值区的维持等。 相似文献
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为更好地开展对江西冰雹天气的监测预警工作,使用MICAPS数据、自动站数据、雷达拼图数据、雷达PUP产品数据、双多普勒雷达反演风场数据、冰雹灾情照片视频和微信冰雹信息反馈等资料,采用天气学、雷达气象学等原理与方法,对2022年3月14日江西及周边省份冰雹回波特征进行分析,结果表明：3月14日,江西及周边省份多地出现冰雹,20个区域站出现≥17.2m·s-1的大风,24个区域站出现≥50.0mm的降水,且雷暴大风和冷空气大风混合出现。200hPa高空出流区、500hPa南支槽和风速切变、850hPa低涡和切变线、地面辐合线和西南倒槽是冰雹天气主要系统;南昌订正后较大的CAPE、较强逆温层、中层干区和低层湿区为冰雹天气发生提供了环境条件。冰雹以超级单体回波为主,有时孤立存在,有时存在于回波群、回波带之中;回波强度≥60 dBz,强回波面积最小≥18km2,最大≥180km2;30～60dBz强回波梯度距离≤6km,具有明显的云砧前伸回波;冰雹回波生命史多数在2h以上。在冰雹回波识别中,垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)是一个很重要的特征。江西冰雹单部雷达VIL在35～60 kg·m-2,雷达拼图上VIL为35～50kg·m-2。在冰雹回波2.5kmCAPPI图上,冰雹回波强度均≥60dBz,最大可达65dBz;在双多普勒雷达反演风场上多数回波中心具有中涡旋结构、侧面辐合风场、南北风场辐合等特征;有些个例风场比较凌乱。上述分析结果为江西冰雹天气的监测预警提供了分析依据。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献