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1.
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 and NCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,the distribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in this paper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asian region from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropical monsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and the recurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.The latter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South China Sea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northward shift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-flood rainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfall appeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China then formed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998 is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into South China Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
2.
ON THE PROCESS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER EAST ASIA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 andNCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,thedistribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in thispaper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asianregion from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropicalmonsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and therecurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.Thelatter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South ChinaSea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northwardshift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-floodrainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfallappeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China thenformed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoononset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into SouthChina Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
3.
南海夏季风爆发前后华南地区大气结构和能量收支的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文计算、分析了1981年南海夏季风爆发前后华南地区平均的大气动力学和热力学结构,水汽和能量收支情况。分析表明,在季风爆发前后这些物理量场,特别是垂直运动场,都经历了一次明显的变化。南海夏季风的建立,是以副热带高压从南海东撒,越赤道气流北进为特征。它与以"爆发性涡旋"为开始,降水与西南气流同时开始的印度夏季风有所不同。另外,南海夏季风建立过程,主要变化发生在中、上层大气之中。这说明夏季风的建立,主要是大气环流季节性调整的结果,海陆差异需要有合适的大气环流配合才能产生明显的季风。对大气能量收支的分析表明,夏季风爆发前,华南地区主要是动能向总位能转换。所产生的总位能部分辐散到边界之外,部分消耗在对流层上层非绝热冷却过程之中,因而在对流层下部总位能才有稍明显的增长。夏季风爆发后,整个能量循环几乎相反。总位能大量转换为动能,以维持南海夏季风的增长。而整层大气中的非绝热加热以及总位能的辐合又补充了大气中总位能的损耗。潜热释放是夏季风爆发后大气的主要非绝热加热过程,它是南海夏季风维持,发展的主要能源。 相似文献
4.
索马里跨赤道气流对南海夏季风爆发的重要作用 总被引：33，自引：8，他引：25
通过分析NCEP/NCAR多年再分析资料,清楚地揭露了南海夏季风爆发与索马里跨赤道南风气流建立之间的重要关系.对应南海夏季风爆发,总是已先期在赤道印度洋地区有西风加强和索马里跨赤道南风气流的建立;而且,若南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚),赤道印度洋地区西风的加强和索马里跨赤道南风气流的建立也偏早(晚).可以认为,索马里跨赤道南风气流的稳定建立是南海夏季风爆发的重要物理机制之一,它的建立导致赤道印度洋地区西风的持续加强和向东扩展,并最终在南海地区形成西南气流. 相似文献
5.
资料分析及其同南亚（印度）夏季风的比较,指出建立的突发性和经向分量的重要性是南海夏季风活动的两个最基本特征。根据南海夏季风经向分量与纬向分量同样重要的特征,并考虑南海地区大气环流的基本形势,提出了用对流层高低层散度差构成季风指数,它可以更好地描写南海夏季风的活动。资料分析和大气环流模式（GCM）数值模拟试验都清楚地表明南海夏季风年际异常对大气环流和气候有极为重要的影响,不仅影响东亚地区,而且通过东亚-太平洋-美洲（PJ或称EPA）波列影响美国的天气气候变化。 相似文献
6.
东亚地区夏季风爆发过程 总被引：72，自引：5，他引：67
利用中国194站1961～1995年日降水资料及NCEP1979～1997年候格点降水资料,探讨了亚洲地区自春到夏的雨季开始分布。结果表明,东亚地区自春到夏存在副热带季风雨季开始和热带季风雨季开始。前者于4月初开始于华南北部和江南地区,随后向南和向西南扩展,于4月末扩展到华南沿海和中南半岛,这个雨带主要是冷空气和副热带高压西侧转向的SW风以及南亚地区冬春副热带南支西风槽中西风汇合而形成的,是副热带季风雨季开始。后者是南海热带季风爆发后使原来由江南移到华南沿岸的副热带季风雨带随副热带高压北进而北进,前汛期雨季进入盛期,江南出现第二次雨峰,形成梅雨期和江淮及华北雨季。同时,热带季风雨带也自东向西传播到达南亚地区而形成热带季风雨季。还讨论了1998年东亚地区夏季风爆发过程,指出南海夏季风爆发期的季风由副高北侧形成的新生气旋进入南海造成南海中部西风和南海越赤道气流转向的SW季风加强汇合而形成,因而是东亚季风系统中环流系统季节变化造成的,和印度季风无关。在南海季风爆发期阿拉伯海仍由副热带反气旋控制,南亚仍是上述副热带反气旋北侧NW风南下后转向的偏西副热带气流所控制,索马里低空急流仍未爆发,赤道西风并未影响南海。 相似文献
7.
夏季风爆发伴随着风场和大气温湿度的急剧变化,我国风云气象卫星反演的云导风(AMV)和黑体亮温(TBB)产品可从大气动力和热力两个方面对夏季风活动进行实时监测。根据气象卫星AMV和TBB资料综合分析,选择南海夏季风监测区域为110~120 °E,10~20 °N。夏季风爆发期间,对流层高层(150~300 hPa高度层范围)云导风由偏西风转为偏东风,风云气象卫星区域日平均TBB下降至280 K以下,综合利用AMV和TBB双指标可更好描述南海夏季风的爆发特征。定义气象卫星监测南海夏季风爆发判别方法为:4月15日以后,AMV和TBB指标同时稳定大于临界值,其中,AMV指标稳定是指持续10天且中断不超过5天,TBB指标稳定是指维持5天。该判别方法可为南海夏季风业务服务和研究提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Moisture Transport in the Asian Summer Monsoon Region and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente... 相似文献
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10.
热带环流异常对1998年长江流域特大洪涝的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了造成1998年长江流域特大洪涝灾害的大尺度热带环流成因。指出1998年处在热带环流强度偏弱的气候阶段，西太平洋暖池地区对流活动偏弱，南海热带季风持续异常偏弱，副热带夏季风偏强度是造成长江持续强降水的主要原因；西太平洋热带对流层高低层环流系统的异常分布，为1998年长江特大洪涝提供了有利的环流背景，还探讨了热带环流异常影响换国夏季降水的可能途径，它们的关系在1998年夏季降水预测中得到应用。 相似文献
11.
南海夏季风爆发的数值预报试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
分析了1986年南海夏季风爆发的环流演变特征,由经向风速剖面图看出,南风首先在中南半岛迅速加强,然后向南海发展,南海夏季风爆发同孟加拉湾低压的发展密切相关。通过地形和非绝热单因子敏感性数值预报试验表明,地形作用和凝结潜热等非绝热作用对南海夏季风的爆发都是很重要的,包含有这两种作用在内的控制试验成功地预报出了南海夏季风爆发的中期演变过程,单独的地形作用或非绝热作用都不能预报出南海夏季风的爆发。 相似文献
12.
简要归纳了不同时期随着观测资料的更新对亚洲季风季节进程的若干认识。南海季风试验前,研究认识了东亚季风系统与南亚季风系统的区别。南海季风试验后,对季风进程有了更多的认识,江南副热带雨季开始于4月初,中印半岛热带雨季开始于4月底,南海热带雨季突然建立于5月中旬,都具有半年际的干湿转换。南海中部季风爆发后,亚洲季风在南亚、青藏高原东侧和东亚-太平洋地区全面爆发并由南向北推进。利用近年来高分辨率资料并考虑热带地区半岛陆海地形与热力的影响,认识到亚洲存在5个夏季季风槽与降水相联系的系统,它们分别是西南亚(阿拉伯海)夏季热带季风、南亚(孟加拉湾)夏季热带季风、东南亚(南海)夏季热带季风、西北太平洋夏季热带季风和东亚夏季副热带季风。 相似文献
13.
晚春初夏西太平洋副热带高压南撤过程的气候学特征 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
利用1979—2006年多年平均逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA的OLR和逐候CAMP降水资料,从气候学角度探讨了晚春初夏季节转换时期,西太平洋副热带高压(副高)脊线位置变化及其与亚洲夏季风爆发的关系。发现晚春初夏时期西太平洋副高在向北移动过程中存在一次显著的南撤过程,之后西太平洋副高发生第一次北跳,南撤主要发生在对流层高层和低层,南撤生命期可达2周,且高层的南撤过程结束时间比低层的南撤过程开始时间早约1旬,这为预测低层副高南撤及其第一次北跳提供了有意义的前期信号。低层西太平洋副高南撤的同时伴随着一次显著东退过程。在低层副高南撤结束后(约5月底),由于气温经向梯度的变化使副高脊轴倾斜发生反转。晚春初夏的西太平洋副高南撤过程与亚州夏季风爆发、强对流活动和降雨带的移动变化关系密切。在对流层高层西太平洋副高南撤过程的中后期(约4月底),夏季风在安达曼海和临近孟加拉湾爆发。在对流层低层西太平洋副高南撤过程开始后,南海夏季风开始爆发(5月14—15日);南撤过程结束后(6月初),印度夏季风爆发;在副高脊线返回日后(6月中),东亚夏季风爆发。西太平洋副高南撤过程不同阶段的建立时间为预知亚洲不同地区夏季风的爆发时间提供了非常有用的信息。此外,在西太平洋副高主体南北两侧存在两支强的雨带,与副高主体控制的少雨带构成一个典型的"湿干湿"三明治雨型,这个雨型的变化与西太平洋副高脊线移动有关。 相似文献
14.
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对2019年高度场、OLR场和风场进行了环流分析,计算假相当位温、西南风和垂直风切变等物理量,并且使用Lanczos滤波器滤波后进行分位相讨论了ISO与2019年南海夏季风爆发的关系。结果表明,2019年南海夏季风爆发的日期为5月6日,其爆发偏早。在5月6日后具体特征表现为:200 hPa高空急流范围扩大,强度增强;副热带高压不断东撤,南海地区不再盛行西南风;850 hPa上南海地区盛行西南风且对流大面积爆发;假相当位温随高度变化的特征显示出对流增强的趋势。为了探讨2019年南海夏季风爆发与ISO的关系,进一步研究发现2019年存在10~25 d大气季节内振荡。一方面,ISO有利于2019年爆发时间偏早,另一方面,南海夏季风爆发后从孟加拉湾—印度洋东部低频对流多次随时间向东北传播,经历发展—最强—减弱—抑制—最弱—恢复的6个阶段,有利于南海地区偏西风增强以及对流活动的爆发维持,使得其爆发强度增强。 相似文献
15.
By using 40-year NCEP reanalysis daily data (1958-1997), we have analyzed the climatic
characteristics of summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (105°E ~ 120°E, 5°N ~ 20°N, to be simplified
as SCS in the text followed) pentad by pentad (5 days). According to our new definition, in the monsoon area of
the SCS two of the following conditions should be satisfied: 1) At 850hPa, the southwest winds should be greater
than 2m/s. 2) At 850 hPa, θse should be greater than 335°K. The new definition means that the summer
monsoon is the southwest winds with high temperature and high moisture. The onset of the SCS summer monsoon
is defined to start when one half of the SCS area (105°E ~ 120°E,5°N ~ 20°N) is controlled by the summer
monsoon. The analyzed results revealed the following: 1) The summer monsoon in the SCS starts to build up abruptly
in the 4th pentad in May. 2) The summer monsoon onset in the SCS is resulted from the development and
intensification of southwesterly monsoon in the Bay of Bengal. 3) The onset of the summer monsoon and
establishment of the summer monsoon rainfall season in the SCS occur simultaneously. 4) During the summer
monsoon onset in the SCS, troughs deepen and widen quickly in the lower troposphere of the India; the
subtropical high in the Western Pacific moves eastward off the SCS in the middle troposphere; the easterly
advances northward over the SCS in the upper troposphere. 相似文献
16.
The evolution of the tropospheric temperature fields over Indian and South China Sea monsoon areas and their thermal mechanisms are compared and analyzed during the period from March to June, 1996. The results show that the onsets of the Indian and South China Sea summer monsoons are closely associated with the seasonal warming in the troposphere over the zonal belt of 10°N～30°N in these areas, which leads to the inversion of meridional temperature gradient. During the pre-onset period, the warming over the South China Sea monsoon region is mainly due to the warm horizontal advection and diabatic (latent) heating processes. Meanwhile, the warming is suppressed by the vertical adiabatic process (cooling). In spring over the Indian monsoon region, the significant adiabatic heating due to the subsidence motion, which compensates the cooling due to the strong cold advection and diabatic cooling processes, results in a larger warming rate than over the South China Sea monsoon region. However, the meridional temperature gradient over the Indian monsoon region is so large during the late winter and early spring that it takes longer time to warm the troposphere to have the reversion of meridional temperature gradient than it does over the South China Sea monsoon region. It results in the phenomenon that the South China Sea summer monsoon generally breaks out earlier than the Indian summer monsoon. 相似文献
17.
大气环流的季节突变与季风的建立II·个别年份南海夏季风的情况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将流的标准化变差度概念应用到各年南海夏季风建立研究中去,并用其作为大气环流调整的客观定量指标。用该指标定义的南海夏季风建立的预兆日期与用传统天气气候学方法确定的南海夏季风的来临日期,在绝大多数具体年份两者均很接近,故可作南海夏季风建立的先兆指标。但有一些年份,南海季风的建立不伴随着低空环流的突变过程,两种方法都可能不准确,可靠的方法也许是用场相似度作指标。此外,南海夏季风建立前,对流层顶和平流层下层就出现了环流调整,该调整为南海夏季风建立打下基础,而南海夏季风爆发则表现为低空环流的大调整。南海夏季风的爆发是高、低空全球大气环流发生显著调整的结果,并非限于南海范围局部,南海夏季风建立不能看作是发生在南海的局部现象。 相似文献
18.
By using the 40-year NCEP (1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data, we analyzed the
inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. The
results are as follows. (1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the
first two decades and the last two decades. It was late on the 6th pentad of May for the first two decades and was
on the 4th and 5th pentad of May for the next two decades. (2) Except for the third decade (1978-1987), the
establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all
other three decades. (3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward
advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The four-decade analysis shows that there
were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of
May, but there was great difference between its eastward movement and its onset intensity. These may have
important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon. (4) During the onset of the SCS summer
monsoon, there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next
two decades. At the lower troposphere of the first two decades, the Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the
center of the subtropical high was located more eastward. At the upper troposphere, the northward movement of
the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the Indo-China Peninsula.
After comparison, we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon. 相似文献
19.
By using the 40-year NCEP(1958-1997) grid point reanalysis meteorological data.we analyzed the inter-decadal variation on the climatic characteristics of the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon.The results are as follows.(1) There was great difference on the onset date of the SCS summer monsoon between the first two decades and the last two decades,It was late on the 6^th pentad of May for the first two decades and was on the 4^th and 5^th pentad of May for the next two decades.(2)Except for the third decade(1978-1987),the establishment of the monsoon rainfall was one to two pentads earlier than the onset of the summer monsoon in all other three decades.(3) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the abrupt development and eastward advancement of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal.The four-decade analysis shows that there were abrupt development of the southwesterly monsoon over the Bay of Bengal between the 3rd and 4th pentad of May,but there was great difference between its ewastward ovement and its onset intensity.These may have important effect to the earlier or later onset of the SCS summer monsoon.(4) During the onset of the SCS summer monsoon.there were great difference in the upper and lower circulation feature between the first two and the next two decades.At the lower troposphere of the first two decades.The Indian-Burma trough was stronger and the center of the subtropical high was located more eastward.At the upper troposphere.the northward movement of the center of subtropical high was large and located more northward after it landed on the lndo-China Peninsula.After comparison.we can see that the circulation feature of the last two decades was favorable to the establishment and development of the SCS summer monsoon. 相似文献
20.
南海夏季风爆发的数值预报模拟实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1998年5月21日00时（UTC）,对流层上部200hPa的南亚反气旋中心位于（16oN,94oE）附近,850hPa南海的中南部仍为副热带反气旋控制;到21日12时,200hPa的南亚反气旋中心迅速移到（21oN,94oE）附近,同时850hPa的南海副热带反气旋减弱东撤,南海的中南部由东南风转变为西南风,南海夏季风爆发。本文利用美国国家大气研究中心和宾西法尼亚州大学联合研制的中尺度模式（MM5V2）模拟预报这一过程,同时通过敏感性实验研究了区域边界条件和水平分辨率对季风预报模拟实验的影响。 相似文献