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利用美国新一代中尺度WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式,采用双向二重嵌套网格技术,对2005年7月1—2日山西的大暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟,并利用模式输出的高分辨率动力协调资料进行了初步诊断分析,着重分析了排熵指数与暴雨区的关系。结果表明:活跃的副高是造成此次强降水的主要影响系统,低空西南风急流为暴雨提供了充足的水汽及动力条件;大气排熵指数由高值向低值的演变有利于对流的发展,从而导致对流暴雨形成;负熵变区(IRE<0)对应着暴雨区,负熵变区的汇合反映了暴雨的落区;排熵指数与暴雨区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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“麦莎”远距离台风暴雨的排熵指数分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对2005年8月5日山东省一次远距离台风暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。从引起远距离台风暴雨的几个因素,分析此次山东地区强降水过程与台风“麦莎”及中纬度西风带系统的关系,判别台风暴雨的类型;应用耗散结构理论,分析了排熵指数与远距离台风暴雨区的关系。结果表明：该次暴雨过程是在远距离台风（0509号“麦莎”台风）和西风槽相互作用下产生的;非纬向的高、低空急流对本次暴雨过程起着重要作用;负熵变区（IRE〈0）对应着暴雨区,负熵变区的汇合反映远距离台风暴雨的落区,排熵指数对远距离台风暴雨分析预报有一定的指示作用。 相似文献
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应用耗散结构理论,基于广义相当位温构建大气排熵指数,利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站雨量资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料等,对2008年7月21—23日一次西南低涡东移造成的河南省大范围暴雨过程的大气排熵指数进行诊断分析,结果表明:大气排熵指数的演变与此次西南涡暴雨落区和雨强关系密切,暴雨落在负排熵指数中心偏南一侧,大雨以上降水分布在排熵指数负值中心轴线附近及其偏南侧;强降水开始前,排熵指数明显减小,强降水持续时间与排熵指数低值维持时间联系紧密;雨强不仅与排熵指数低值有关,且与低值维持时间、6h变化量也有密切关系。排熵指数低值中心位置和中心值的强弱变化与该个例中西南低涡中心位置和其强弱变化具有较好一致性。 相似文献
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在耗散结构理论的基础上,根据热力学第二定律推导出了熵平衡方程。利用高分辨率模式输出资料通过对比Chanchu台风(0601)螺旋雨带上游、中游和下游及眼壁附近不同区域对流单体和熵流分布情况,揭示出负熵流值与台风的强对流单体有密切联系。基于负熵流与台风精细结构的配置分析,研究中尺度范围内熵流随Chanchu台风发生、发展、消亡各阶段的演变特征。分析表明,对流单体在从雨带上游至下游的演变过程中,熵流分布特征也会发生相应的变化,强对流单体与负熵流大值区相对应;当对流单体减弱,负熵流也随之减弱;当单体最后合并并汇入眼墙时,负熵流彼此合并旋入眼墙,有助于眼墙中深厚对流的维持和发展;此外,负熵流对于Chanchu台风在各发展阶段的强度变化也有一定的指示意义,揭示了负熵流对大气系统的组织化作用。 相似文献
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重庆一次暴雨过程的诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为揭示2012年5月11-12日重庆暴雨过程的发生发展机制,寻找重庆地区暴雨预报方法,利用国家卫星气象中心的降水量产品数据集和NCEP格点再分析资料,对这次暴雨进行了天气形势分析,并从动力和水汽条件、水汽螺旋度和水汽散度通量及不稳定指数等方面进行了诊断分析。结果表明,短波槽东移南下和西南涡东移北上是造成此次暴雨过程的主要原因;高空槽前脊后的正涡度平流,有利于大气的抬升运动;中层(700 h Pa)的西南暖湿气流为此次暴雨过程提供了水汽和能量,促进并维持对流的强烈发展;水汽螺旋度高值区和水汽散度通量低值区都与强降水区域有较好的对应关系,且有较好的时间相关性,这对强降水落区和降水系统的移动发展有一定的指示意义;低层暖湿气流抬升与高层冷空气交汇触发了此次暴雨天气过程;K指数和A指数对于暴雨的形成和发展有一定的预报意义。 相似文献
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强烈发展的中尺度涡旋影响下持续性暴雨的位涡诊断 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用高分辨率的模式输出资料,对2008年6月广西致洪暴雨及其中尺度低涡(简称广西涡)进行了等熵位涡(IPV)和湿位涡(MPV)的诊断分析。结果表明,低值等熵面上正IPV带的位置和强度可以反映暴雨的落区和强度,等熵面上的西风气流可分别将高纬度干冷和低纬度暖湿的高值IPV向广西涡处输送,使得广西涡维持高IPV。高值等熵面上南部的IPV存在下传现象,有利于其下游的广西涡IPV的增长,从而使得广西涡强烈发展、降水增强。利用MPV守恒原理的分析表明,持续性暴雨出现在高值等熵湿位涡前方的对流不稳定区中;暴雨区南北两侧对流层中高层的冷空气下沉时对流稳定性减小,对应的气旋性涡度增大;而暖湿气流沿着干冷空气爬升,它与具有强涡度的沿等熵面下滑的干冷空气发生强烈的辐合,使得涡度急剧增强,再加上地形的强迫抬升作用,形成强烈的垂直上升运动,导致涡旋强烈发展。等压面上的MPV及其分量分布显示,对流层中低层MPV负值带对雨带有指示作用,强降水时段对应着对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定。 相似文献
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利用常规地面气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR FNL 1°×1°网格点逐6 h再分析资料,对2018年6月20日浙江省一次暴雨过程的主要环流系统、等熵位涡、垂直螺旋度等进行了天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明：850 hPa低涡切变、对流层中层冷空气、200 hPa南亚高压、副热带高压是此次暴雨过程发生的主要影响系统;700 hPa上的正垂直螺旋度中心对暴雨的发生有良好的指示意义;等熵位涡的演变和形态对冷空气活动有较好的视踪作用,等熵位涡中心两侧气流辐合,有利于低压系统发展,高层等熵位涡与冷空气活动有较好的对应关系,等熵位涡大值区偏南侧的移动与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献