共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
秦榕 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(6):34-40
利用喀什地区所属喀什市、莎车县、巴楚县、吐尔尕特、塔什库尔干县等５个代表性站50a的平均气温、平均最高、最低气温、降水量以及日照时数等资料,采用气候趋势系数和气候倾向率方法,对1961年以来喀什地区气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,过去50a喀什地区各地年平均气温、年平均最高、最低气温有明显的升高趋势;年降水量呈增加趋势,平原地区降水量增加的主要贡献者夏、秋季,山区降水量增加的主要贡献者夏季,山区降水量增加趋势比平原地区快,降水量变化的年代际差异较小,年际差异很大;近50年来喀什市、塔什库尔干县年日照时数呈明显的增加趋势,其增加幅度为20.906h/10a ～33.091h/10a,莎车县、巴楚县、吐尔尕特年日照时数呈明显的减少趋势,其减少幅度为 -4.489h/10a ～ -78.035h/10a。 相似文献
2.
利用翁牛特旗农业气象站1983—2013年4—9月玉米生育期和同期逐日气温(最高、最低)、降水量、日照时数观测资料,通过计算玉米不同发育期与光温水条件的相关系数及与产量灰关联度,分析气象条件对生育期和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)翁牛特旗玉米在4月27日播种,9月23日成熟,生育期150d。平均日照时数为1351.3h,积温为2925℃,降水量为297.8mm。(2)玉米各生育期日数与同期日照时数正相关显著;与降水量呈正相关、与气温呈负相关,但只在苗期相关显著。(3)玉米气候产量与日照时数的关联度最高,抽雄—成熟期间的光照条件是影响产量形成的主要因素。 相似文献
3.
利用巴楚国家基本气候站1961—2013年53 a的气温、降水量等资料,结合1981—2013年的棉花发育期、单位面积产量,采用线性倾向估计计算、检验方法、气候趋势系数和气候倾向率方法,对1961年以来巴楚气候变化特征、1981年以来棉花发育期、产量进行分析,探讨了巴楚近期气候变化对棉花生产的影响。结果表明:近53 a来,巴楚年和各季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温总体呈线性上升趋势,其中年平均最低气温的升温率最明显;各季节中春、秋季平均最低气温的升温率最大;年、各季节降水量呈明显的增多趋势,季节中夏季降水量的增幅最大,为3.25 mm/10 a;初霜日的变化呈推后趋势(1.2 d/10 a)、而终霜日呈提前趋势(-2.4d/10 a),使无霜期明显延长(1.1 d/10 a)。近33 a来,巴楚县棉花各发育期均表现出不同程度的提前趋势,其中现蕾期的提前趋势最明显,为4.8 d/10 a(P0.01);棉花停止生长期呈延迟趋势,延迟幅度为3.7 d/10 a(P0.01)。初、终霜冻日、无霜期与棉花产量总体呈正相关,初霜日推后、终霜日提前、无霜期延长,棉花产量增多。 相似文献
4.
利用新疆巴楚气象站1983—2012年逐日气象资料及冬小麦生育期资料,采用线性回归、Pearson相关系数方法,分析了巴楚县气候要素和冬小麦生育期的变化特征,以及气候变化对生育期的影响。结果表明:(1)近30 a巴楚县冬小麦生育期内气候变暖趋势明显,月平均气温、月最高气温和月最低气温整体呈上升趋势,日照时数减少,降水量增多。(2)冬小麦播种、抽穗和成熟期提前,越冬开始和返青期延后,全生育期呈缩短趋势。冬前冬小麦生育天数增加,越冬开始—返青期、返青—抽穗期长度缩短,抽穗—成熟期延长。(3)1—2月气温降低是巴楚冬小麦返青期延后的主要原因,而抽穗和成熟期提前则主要受3—4月、4—6月的气温升高影响。 相似文献
5.
基于通辽市巴雅尔吐胡硕牧业气象试验站1981—2014年马蔺物候数据和气象数据,研究了气候变化对马蔺萌芽期、黄枯期和生长期的影响,结果表明:(1)研究区近34a来年均气温呈显著上升趋势,降水量呈减少趋势,气候暖干化特征明显。(2)马蔺萌芽期呈延迟趋势,平均每10a延迟4.1d。马蔺萌芽期主要受3—4月平均气温和2月日照时数影响。(3)马蔺黄枯期呈略提前趋势。8月降水量减少和日照时数增加及10月降水量增加导致马蔺黄枯期提前。(4)气候变暖后,夏、秋季平均气温升高和降水量减少是导致马蔺生长期缩短的主要因子。 相似文献
6.
利用通辽国家基本气象站1980—2016年玉米作物发育期资料和同期逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水量、日照时数观测资料,通过计算玉米不同发育期与光温水条件相关系数,分析气象条件对生育期的影响。结果表明:(1)近37a玉米播种日期在5月3日,成熟日期在9月18日,生育期140d,从播种到出苗日平均气温为21.3℃,平均最高气温27.2℃,平均最低气温15.7℃,平均日照时数为1201h,积温为2969.8℃,降水量为298.8mm。(2)玉米生育期日数与同期日照时数正相关显著,与降水量正相关,与气温负相关。(3)近37a,玉米生育期日数变化趋势不显著,但同期气温变化趋势显著,降水量和日照时数没有显著的变化趋势,但年际波动幅度较大。 相似文献
7.
沈阳春玉米不同生育阶段需水量及缺水量变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于1960—2016年沈阳5个气象观测站玉米发育期资料及气象观测资料,计算春玉米不同生育阶段需水量、有效降水量,进而计算水分盈亏指数并分析其变化特征。结果表明:沈阳市春玉米除播种—出苗、出苗—七叶及拔节—抽雄期有效降水量呈增加趋势,其他发育阶段及全生育期呈显著减少趋势;全生育期及各生育阶段需水量均呈下降趋势;全生育期缺水量总体以下降为主,其中拔节—抽雄期处于强下降趋势,播种—出苗和出苗—七叶期呈弱下降趋势。沈阳北部有效降水量偏少、需水量偏高,是缺水量高值区;拔节—抽雄期缺水量最大。 相似文献
8.
基于1981—2010年东北地区55个农业气象观测站发育期数据、16个气象站逐日气象资料,采用趋势变率、秩相关分析、主成分分析和结构方程模型等方法,分析了近30年东北春玉米关键发育期的变化特征,探讨了春玉米发育期对不同时间尺度气象因子的响应规律。结果表明:1981—2010年春玉米关键发育期 (播种期、抽雄期、成熟期) 均有延后趋势,大部分地区春玉米生长前期 (播种期—抽雄期) 日数减少,生长后期 (抽雄期—成熟期) 日数增加,全生育期日数增加。在绝大多数年份,春玉米播种期在温度适播期之后,成熟期在初霜日之前。近30年对东北春玉米生育期日数影响最大的气象要素为温度,主成分分析结果显示,年际尺度的升温、温度生长期的延长和作物生长期的高温对生育期日数影响显著;结构方程模型指出,作物生长期的最高温度和最低温度对生育期日数影响有间接效应,主导气象要素能够解释生育期日数变异的44%。全球变暖背景下,东北春玉米发育期变化是作物响应气候变化和农业生产适应气候变化的共同结果。 相似文献
9.
播期对辽南地区春玉米生育进程及产量影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象与环境学报》2017,(6)
基于2012—2014年以丹玉39为供试品种在辽宁庄河地区开展的分期播种试验观测资料和1980—2010年庄河地区春玉米各发育期的平均日期及产量资料,探讨播期对庄河地区春玉米生育进程及产量的影响。结果表明:播种时间对庄河地区春玉米生育进程有显著的影响,播种时间每推迟1.00 d,春玉米整个生长期长度缩短约0.22—0.57 d,营养生长期缩短约0.48—0.69 d,生殖生长期延长约0.11—0.36 d。不同播期之间春玉米各生育期长度存在较大差异,营养生长期长度差异最显著,而拔节—抽雄期、抽雄—开花期、开花—乳熟期和乳熟—成熟期长度差异均不显著。播期对春玉米产量影响显著,但年际间产量差异显著,除2014年外,随播期推迟春玉米产量呈先增后减的趋势。2012—2014年气象条件对庄河春玉米生育期长度影响的气象因子存在差异,对春玉米营养生长期、生殖生长期和全生育期长度影响较大的气象因子为气温、日照时数、平均风速、水汽压及蒸发量。 相似文献
10.
富裕县农田土壤湿度变化及其对玉米发育期和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在分析黑龙江省富裕县农田土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响,以期为松嫩平原西部玉米生产提供科学参考。以黑龙江省富裕县为研究区域,利用1982—2017年土壤相对湿度资料、1995—2017年玉米发育期资料、玉米产量资料,采用对比分析、相关分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验法,分析土壤相对湿度变化特征,研究土壤相对湿度对玉米发育期和产量的影响。结果表明：富裕县近36 a土壤相对湿度呈增加—减小—增加的趋势。播种期—出苗期、拔节期—抽雄期、乳熟期—成熟期土壤干旱平均每4—6 a一遇,抽雄期—乳熟期每2—3 a一遇,出苗期—拔节期土壤基本无旱。各发育期土壤相对湿度减小的突变年在1987年前后,增加的突变年在2013年前后。20世纪80年代土壤较适宜,干旱轻,90年代土壤相对湿度迅速下降,干旱最重,之后随着年代的推移土壤干旱逐渐减轻。玉米主要发育期中播种期—出苗期、出苗期—拔节期土壤干旱对产量影响较小,拔节期—成熟期是土壤干旱影响产量的主要时期。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献