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1.
通过对南宁、桂林、北海市空气质量自动监测数据的分析得出 :三城市整体空气质量水平为 1级或 2级 ,即优或良 ,城市空气的首要污染物为可吸入颗粒物 ;桂林、北海两城市没有出现轻度或轻度以上的污染 ,特别是北海市空气质量为 1级“优”的天数占 90 .9% ,2级良占 9.1%。空气污染的浓度与气象条件有密切关系 ,其中南宁市主要污染物月平均浓度值与月平均气压呈正相关、与月平均气温、水汽压、降雨量、相对湿度、风速、 0 cm地温呈反相关关系。各种污染物日均浓度值也与地面、高空气象要素相关非常好。因此 ,在预报未来 2 4～ 36 h天气时 ,对空气质量可进行预报 相似文献
2.
根据广西重点环境保护城市南宁、桂林、北海三城市空气质量自动监测数据监测到二氧化硫(SO2),二氧化氮(NO2),可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的日均浓度数据计算的空气污染指数API,结果表明:2002年三城市空气质量状况整体为1级"优"或2级"良",仅南宁市出现过轻度污染共10d,达到了国家环境保护总局对城市环境规定的标准。 相似文献
3.
广西主要城市空气质量状况及其与气象条件关系分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
通过对南宁，桂林，北海市空气质量自动监测数据分析得出：三城市整体空气质量水平为1级或2级，即优或良，城市空气的首要污染物为可吸入颗粒物；桂林，北海两城市没有出现轻度或轻度以上的污染，特别是北海市空气质量为1级“优”的天数占90．9％，2级良占9．1％。空气污染的浓度与气象条件有密切关系，其中南宁市主要污染物月平均浓度值与月平均气压呈正相关，与月平均气温，水汽压，降雨量，相对湿度，风速，0cm地温呈板相关关系，各种污染物日均浓度也与地面，高空气要素相关非常好。因此，在预报未来24－36h天气时，对空气质量可进行预报。 相似文献
4.
根据广西重点环境保护城市南宁、桂林、北海三城市空气质量自动监测数据监测到二氧化硫(SO2)，二氧化氮(NO2)，可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的日均浓度数据计算的空气污染指数API，结果表明：2002年三城市空气质量状况整体为1级“优”或2级“良”，仅南宁市出现过轻度污染共10d，达到了国家环境保护总局对城市环境规定的标准。 相似文献
5.
为了让公众对桂林市近期空气质量状况和近十年来的空气质量变化情况有所了解,以空气中的主要污染物二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物的空气污染指数API作为表征空气质量的特性值,用统计分析方法,研究分析桂林市2003～2012年空气质量特征及其变化状况.2003至2012年,桂林市空气质量优良率为99.1％,首要空气污染物主要为可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫,而又以可吸入颗粒物居多.2003年和2005～2008年,桂林市的首要空气污染物为二氧化硫,其它年份为可吸入颗粒物.2009～2011年连续三年出现空气污染指数较大幅度的上升.2010年的年平均空气污染指数首次突破51,达到58,首次出现年平均空气质量为二级的年份,2011、2012年平均空气质量也维持在二级.研究分析的结论是桂林市2009年以来空气质量有下降的趋势,且2010～2012年的年平均空气质量等级由以前的一级下降为二级,首要空气污染物由2008年以前的以二氧化硫为主变为以可吸入颗粒物为主. 相似文献
6.
从南宁、桂林、北海三城市空气质量自动监测站监测到二氧化硫(SO2),二氧化氮(NO2),可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的日均浓度数据计算的空气污染指数API得出:2003年三城市空气质量状况整体为 级"优"或 级"良",达到了国家环境保护总局对城市环境规定的标准,特别是桂林市的空气质量最好。对各种污染物月平均浓度值与地面气象要素关系进行相关分析,发现相关性非常好,其中与气压呈正相关,与气温、水汽压、相对湿度、降雨量、风速、0厘米地温等要素呈反相关。各种污染物日平均浓度值与地面风速相关也非常好。 相似文献
7.
2003广西主要城市空气质量评价及空气污染物浓度与气象条件关系 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
从南宁、桂林、北海三城市空气质量自动监测站监测到二氧化硫(SO2)，二氧化氮(NOD，可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的日均浓度数据计算的空气污染指数API得出：2003年三城市空气质量状况整体为Ⅰ级“优”或Ⅱ级“良”，达到了国家环境保护总局对城市环境规定的标准，特别是桂林市的空气质量最好。对各种污染物月平均浓度值与地面气象要素关系进行相关分析，发现相关性非常好，其中与气压呈正相关，与气温、水汽压、相对湿度、降雨量、风速、0厘米地温等要素呈反相关。各种污染物日平均浓度值与地面风速相关也非常好。 相似文献
8.
空气污染抑制小雨：华南与青藏高原对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以能见度作为气溶胶浓度表征物,采用1980-2011年青藏高原和华南共10个台站资料,分析空气污染对降雨的影响。结果显示:青藏高原空气质量一直维持在很好状态,而华南地区存在严重的空气污染;华南地区的南宁、北海、百色3站小雨下降趋势明显,而青藏高原5站和华南地区的梧州、桂林2站的小雨趋势变化不明显;南宁、北海、百色3站20时能见度与随后24 h(当日20时至次日20时)小雨雨量正相关显著,而青藏高原5站和梧州、桂林2站20时能见度与随后24 h小雨雨量正相关不显著,这可能表明南宁、北海、百色3站小雨下降趋势与空气污染抑制有关;定量分析显示能见度每降低1 km,南宁、北海、百色3站小雨雨量分别减少0.019、0.028和0.027 mm;南宁、北海、百色3站出现小雨时20时能见度与未来24 h内各时次归一化对流有效位能正相关显著,这一现象与空气污染抑制小雨现象吻合;归一化对流有效位能对地面能见度/气溶胶激励效应的响应时间每日有两个高值。 相似文献
9.
广州2010年亚运会会期的灰霾天气问题 总被引：11，自引：10，他引：1
利用1951～2007年广州地区气象资料,分析广州地区灰霾天气的气候变化特征,重点研究了与2010年亚运会会期同期的灰霾天气特征,指出:自20世纪80年代初开始,广州地区的能见度急剧恶化导致灰霾天数增加,在10月～次年4月的旱季灰霾天数较多,雨季相对比较少;改革开放以来,11月份灰霾天气大幅增加,1994和1999年分别出现了最多的17d;本世纪以来,11月份灰霾天气最多12 d,出现在2005年,最少3d,出现在2002和2003年。广州市空气质量逐年恶化的趋势不容乐观,珠江三角洲复合型新型空气污染日趋严重的态势非常严峻;区域性特征明显,治理难度加大;广州周边的佛山、清远、东莞、江门的灰霾天气都比广州多,对广州治理灰霾天气形成了压力。 相似文献
10.
利用广西1961～2010年90个气象观测站的逐日降水资料,使用相关分析等方法研究广西暴雨的区域性和连续性,结果表明：前汛期存在三个大的暴雨高相关区：以桂林市、柳州北部形成一个暴雨区;一个以南宁市南部、崇左市北部地区、玉林部分地区为暴雨区;另外一个以梧州市西南部、玉林、北海、钦州三市为暴雨区。后汛期同样存在三个大的暴雨高相关区：以桂林、柳州二市、河池市南部形成一个暴雨区;一个以南宁、玉林二市南部、崇左市大部及沿海地区为暴雨区;另外一个以梧州、贵港、玉林及钦州、北海二市北部、南宁市中东部为暴雨区。总之,广西后汛期期暴雨相关显著区面积均比前汛期大。广西存在两个高的暴雨同时发生区域：一个由桂林市、柳州市北部组成的区域．该区域同一天发生暴雨的频率达到40％以上;另一个区域为桂南沿海地区,同一天发生暴雨的频率达到30％以上。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献