共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
应用1958-2012年河北21个基准站和基本站逐日降水观测资料,分析了河北汛期暴雨的气候分布特征、年际、年代际变化以及趋势变化特征。结果表明,汛期暴雨分布呈现东部、南部多,向西北部递减的特征。最大暴雨量中心在河北东部、燕山南麓的唐山、秦皇岛地区。从年际和年代际尺度分析,暴雨量、频次、强度都存在2-3 a的年际变化周期信号,暴雨量和频次在20世纪80年代以后存在15-20 a的年代际周期信号。汛期暴雨量、暴雨频次时间序列整体呈现下降趋势,特别是21世纪以来,河北暴雨量和暴雨频次下降趋势更为明显,暴雨强度在近50 a变化幅度不大。在空间分布上,暴雨量、暴雨频次和暴雨强度三个特征量在年代际变化中整体都呈现东退南缩的特征。从趋势分析看来,大部分站点汛期暴雨量、频次、强度都呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
2.
本文对1959—1992年8月份广西重大降雨的时空分布,重大暴雨过程的主要影响系统的特征做了统计分析。表明8月份我区暴雨分布的严重不均一性,桂东南暴雨的多发性,以及桂西山区暴雨中心的离散性;热带气旋异常暴雨和西南低槽持续暴雨是形成我区8月份特大洪涝灾害的最主要影响系统。分析结果对促进我区8月份重大暴雨的预报服务工作也许是有益的。 相似文献
3.
本文对1959—1992年8月份广西重大降雨的时空分布,重大暴雨过程的主要影响系统的特征做了统计分析。表明8月份我区暴雨分布的严重不均一性,桂东南暴雨的多发性,以及桂西山区暴雨中心的离散性;热带气旋异常暴雨和西南低槽持续暴雨是形成我区8月份特大洪涝灾害的最主要影响系统。分析结果对促进我区8月份重大暴雨的预报服务工作也许是有益的。 相似文献
4.
我国南方暴雨一些气候特征的统计分析 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
根据我国南方59个气象观测站1958～1995年月暴雨日数资料,应用三维经验正交函数分解(EOF3)和小波分析方法,研究了暴雨的主要分布类型、季节变化特征、年际变化和年代际变化规律.结果表明:我国南方暴雨的总趋势是略有增加,但幅度很小;年际变化存在32年、10年、5年和2～3年左右的周期震荡;年代际变化规律是:20世纪50年代末～60年代约10年周期较为清楚,70年代5年周期最强,80～90年代中期10年左右周期最明显,而且比50～60年代要强得多,此外80年代3年左右周期也较明显.我国南方暴雨季节变化显著,4～10月为多暴雨季节,最多的月份出现在6月.暴雨最活跃区域的年变化不大,均位于华南地区,虽然长江流域和黄淮地区是分别对应于梅雨和华北雨季中的多暴雨区域,但是其最大中心值没有超过华南地区.我国南方暴雨、雷暴和冰雹的气候特征,在总趋势、空间分布、季节变化、年际变化和年代际变化方面均存在明显的差异,表明了这3类对流性天气形成物理机制的复杂性. 相似文献
5.
利用1961—2016年江苏省70个站点的逐日降水资料和暴雨定义,分析了江苏省半个世纪以来暴雨发生的年代际时空变化特征,并分析了不同分布型El Nino发展年份对江苏省夏季降水和暴雨的影响特征。结果表明江苏省暴雨主要集中在6—8月,暴雨日数占全年的73.6%,尤其又以7月为最多;暴雨总的分布特点为苏北多于苏南,淮北西北部及苏南东部最少;江苏暴雨发生频次具有明显的年代际变化,且各地区暴雨的年代际变化有一定差异,频发期为1960s、1990s至今,尤其是1990s以来,全省暴雨增多趋势明显,且2011年之后雨带明显南移;东部型El Nino发展年份较中部型El Nino年份的环流形势更有利于导致江苏夏季降水偏多,尤其是沿江苏南地区与常年同期均值有显著性差异。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
用数值预报产品根据相似法制作广西暴雨落区预报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用欧洲中心数值预报产品和Ｔ１０６数值预报产品,依据最小离度相似原理,根据环流形势、影响系统、物理量场的分布及热力和动力演变相似,每天找出若干个历史相似个例,并根据各相似个例的相似程度和对应的各站点的降水实况计算出各站点当天产量暴雨的可能值,把可能出现暴雨的站点连在一起即可得到暴雨落区。 相似文献
9.
通过对１９９６～１９９７年南宁市出现的暴雨天气过程及其影响系统进行分析,找出南宁市暴雨的环流特征,结合数值预报产品进行解释应用,并应用Ｔ１０６数值预报产品对南宁市出现的暴雨天气过程进行物理量场分析,从中找出南宁市暴雨的物理量场特征,以求提高南宁市暴雨预报的准确性和时效。 相似文献
10.
11.
我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
12.
13.
准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
14.
Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
15.
由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
16.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
17.
Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
18.
The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
19.
20.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献