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1.
A. N. Bugaets B. I. Gartsman S. A. Krasnopeev N. D. Bugaets 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(5):359-366
Presented is an experience of assimilating and using the CUAHSI HIS ODM open-format free hydrological database developed by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrological Science Inc. and intended for the processing of operational data from automatic hydrological gages installed in the Ussuri River basin. The system is proposed as a core of the information system of Primorye Administration for Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring oriented to serve a new modernized network of hydrological observations. The network is to provide the timely technological and information support for the water regime monitoring and prediction. During the installation and testing of components of the software, the main functions of database formation and loading, visualization, and critical control of the data are realized. 相似文献
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沙澧河流域致洪预警系统基于中小河流致洪预警气象服务需求,以气象与水文相结合,应用地理信息(GIS)先进技术,利用气象常规数据、地面自动雨量站资料、数值模式、卫星雷达资料及水文雨量、水位数据等资料,运用动力学诊断和统计分析、多元线性回归方法、模式输出法、相似预报等方法,输出暴雨和水位增量预报模型。该系统通过C/C++语言编程,集气象水文信息显示分析、数据库、预报模型和用户界面于一体,建立了涵盖流域暴雨预报、水位增量监测预测、洪涝灾害预警服务等多功能的可视化业务技术平台。在本地基层台站首次将气象和水文两个学科结合,建立降水、水文和洪涝数据库;首次对沙澧河流域进行暴雨形势分型,并建立流域暴雨预报模型;首次建立沙澧河流域五大水库水位增量预报模型。自系统运行以来,成功对沙澧河流域出现的几次致洪暴雨进行了预警,服务效果明显。 相似文献
3.
I. A. Zhabin A. A. Abrosimova V. A. Dubina D. A. Nekrasov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(4):295-300
Hydrographic and satellite observation data obtained in June 2007 enabled to study the influence of the Amur River runoff on the hydrological conditions of the Amur Liman and the Sea of Okhotsk during the spring-summer flood. Salt waters from the Sea of Japan and fresh Amur River waters mix in the estuary (the Amur Liman). Freshened waters flow from the estuary into the Sea of Okhotsk as a jet-like flow drift, which forms a recirculating anticyclonic gyre in the Sakhalin Bay. The coastal current associated with the Amur River flow was obserwed near Sakhalin Island coast. The computed values of dynamic parameters (Kelvin number K=2, Froude number F = 0.4) showed that the Earth rotation and stratification are important factors in the dynamical balance of the Amur River plume during the spring-summer flood event. 相似文献
4.
基于水土耦合机制的流域滑坡预报研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降水诱发型滑坡灾害涉及水文与土壤失稳过程,是个非常复杂的预报难题。本研究应用CRESLIDE(Coupled Routing and Excess Storage and Slope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium)模型,研究基于水土耦合机制的流域滑坡预报。模型输入格点降水由基于流域逐小时加密雨量站的反距离权重法插值获取;基于GIS、DEM和遥感技术,提取滑坡流域下垫面信息;采用分布式水文模型CREST模拟预报出滑坡研究区域的流域水文过程,作为中间变量驱动滑坡模型SLIDE,实现降水诱发型滑坡的预报。选择陕南月河流域2012年7月3—5日降水诱发型滑坡过程进行模拟预报,验证模型的适用性。结果表明,基于CRESLIDE模型的流域水土耦合滑坡预报模型在滑坡时空预报上表现稳定;通过ROC曲线分析CRESLIDE模型取得的特异性(87.8%)和敏感性(52.9%)均较好;本研究基于流域水土耦合机制研究滑坡机理预报,耦合了流域水文过程与土力学过程,使得流域水文模拟更为合理,在滑坡的预报与早期预警中表现良好,对同类滑坡预报有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
5.
为探讨中国再分析气象数据集CN05.1在流域水文模拟中的适用性潜力,以开都河流域为研究区,分别使用CN05.1数据集和传统气象站数据驱动SWAT水文模型,采用决定系数（R 2)、纳什效率系数（NSE）和相对误差（Re）等评价指标对二者模拟效果进行对比分析,以确定CN05.1数据的适用性;最后采用两种数据订正方法对CN05.1降水数据进行了订正,并以水文模拟效果进行评价。研究结果表明:(1) CN05.1气象数据在开都河流域的水文气象模拟中具有较强的适用性;(2) 基于SWAT模型的水文模拟显示,CN05.1数据驱动的水文模拟精度高于传统气象站数据,其率定期（1995—2005年）和验证期（2006—2016年）的R 2分别为0.81和0.73,NSE分别为0.81和0.72,Re分别为-0.97%和0.39%;(3)两种数据订正方法均能较好地再现流域径流变化过程,但基于空间关系订正法的径流模拟效果更好,R 2和NSE均在0.72以上,|Re|＜1.7%。由此,订正后的CN05.1降水数据一方面弥补了传统气象站数据缺失的问题,另一方面补足了未订正CN05.1降水数据在径流模拟中峰值欠佳的问题。 相似文献
6.
黄河“96.8”洪水是一次重要的强降水过程引起的。黄河流域地形复杂 ,而且降水时间分布极不均匀 ,预报难度较大。应用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室 REM模式 (简称 LASGREM)对这次洪水暴雨过程进行了模拟预报。同时应用 L ASGREM的输出产品对该过程进行了分析。结果表明 ,该模式对黄河“96.8”致洪暴雨的模拟预报能力较强 ,适合于黄河水文气象业务预报。 相似文献
7.
A. N. Bugaets 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(7):498-506
Demonstrated is the experience of developing a model of the integrated system of hydrological modeling based on the use of the operational data of the Roshydromet automated observational network and of the prognostic data of weather models. The system is based on the Open Modeling Interface (OpenMI). The major blocks of the system are data sources, hydrometeorological models, and spatial data on the catchment needed for predicting the river runoff formation process in the real-time mode. To construct the components of the data support, modern standards and techniques in the area of hydrology are used. It is demonstrated that this approach is a promising technical solution and opens up good possibilities for obtaining new scientific results. 相似文献
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P. V. Novorotskii 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2007,32(2):102-109
Tendencies in climate change in the Amur River basin are generally synchronous to the global ones. During the last century, the annual mean temperature of surface air increased by 1.3°C, minimum warming being observed in the east part of the basin (0.6°C) and maximum one in the west part (1.7–2.5°C). The largest impact on the annual mean temperature growth comes from winter and spring temperature increase (2–4°C/100 years). During the last 30 years, the warming rate in the basin was 2–3 times higher than during the whole period of 1891–2004. Simultaneously with warming in the Amur River basin, annual and warm-season precipitation totals increased by 8 and 6%, respectively, during the 115-year period. The highest increase in precipitation totals occurs in cold season (29% during 115 years). During the last 30 years, together with intense warming in the Amur River basin, the annual precipitation totals are found to decrease by an average of 2.1%/10 years. 相似文献
11.
汉江丹江口流域水文气象预报系统在GIS技术的支持下,以水文气象监测网、定量降水估算、定量降水预报、洪水预报技术为基础,通过雷达估算降水技术、中尺度数值模式预报技术获取高时空分辨率的降水信息输入水文模型来进行水文气象预报。以Web形式为基础的汉江丹江口流域水文气象预报系统平台在2010年7月以及2011年9月汉江丹江口两次洪水过程中及时、准确地显示了流域实况降水、预报降水,准确地预报了洪水入库过程。目前系统已成功移植到三峡区间、清江水布垭、淮河王家坝、漳河水库等流域开展汛期试验与服务,取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献
12.
基于陆面水文耦合模式CLHMS的淮河流域水文过程的模拟评估及其不确定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用最新的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)再分析及观测的降水和地表气温资料驱动陆面水文耦合模式CLHMS(Coupled Land surface and Hydrologic Model System),对淮河流域1980~2003年共24年的水文水循环过程进行了模拟,系统评估了CLHMS对淮河流域水文过程的模拟能力及其不确定性。分析结果表明,CLHMS模式对淮河流域水文过程具有良好的模拟能力,模式尤其对湿润年份流域的水量平衡以及河道流量的季节、年际变化具有很强的模拟能力,而对降水偏少的干旱年份,模式模拟的河道流量通常会高于观测实况,与实况间存在着一定的偏差,而这也是导致CLHMS对流域水文过程模拟能力存在显著年代际差异的主要原因。基于三组不同降水强迫的流域水文过程模拟结果比较表明,降水驱动资料准确与否是陆面水文模拟最主要的不确定性来源之一,正是由于CFSR再分析降水与观测降水之间存在较大的差异,从而导致CFSR降水驱动下模式模拟的淮河流域河道流量与观测存在较大的偏差,其模拟性能相对较差。进一步分析还表明,可以保持较强降水日变化的时间解集方法,也是保证合理模拟流域水文过程的重要因素。 相似文献
13.
Huan WU Xiaomeng LI Guy J.-P.SCHUMANN Lorenzo ALFIERI Yun CHEN Hui XU Zhifang WU Hong LU Yamin HU Qiang ZHU Zhijun HUANG Weitian CHEN Ying HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(1):1-7
The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies. 相似文献
14.
Qiang Zhang Chong-Yu Xu Zengxin Zhang Yongqin David Chen 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,102(1-2):185-195
In this study, we thoroughly analyzed abrupt behaviors, trends, and periodicity properties of water vapor flux and moisture budget entering and exiting the four edges of the Pearl River basin based on the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis dataset by using the continuous wavelet transform and the simple two-phase linear regression technique. Possible implications for hydrological cycle and water resource management of these changes are also discussed. The results indicate that: (1) the water vapor propagating through the four edges of the Pearl River basin is decreasing, and it is particularly true for the changes of the water vapor flux exiting from the north edge of the study river basin. The transition point from increase to decrease occurs in the early 1960s; (2) The wavelet transform spectra indicate that the monthly water vapor flux through the north edge decreases and this decrease is mainly reflected by intermittent distribution of the wavelet power spectra after early 1980s. The periodicity properties of the water vapor flux through the north edge imply that the northward propagation of water vapor flux decreases after the 1980s; (3) close relations between water vapor flux, precipitation and streamflow implies that the altered hydrological cycle in the Pearl River basin is mainly manifested by seasonal shifts of water vapor flux after early 1960s. One of the direct consequences of these changes of water vapor flux is the seasonal transition of wet and dry conditions across the Pearl River basin. Regional responses of hydrological cycle to climate variation/change could be different from one river basin to another. Hydrological responses of the Pearl River basin to the global warming are mainly demonstrated by seasonal shifts of precipitation changes: winter comes to be wetter and summer tends to be dryer. The finding of the seasonal transition of precipitation in the Pearl River basin is of great scientific and practical merits in basin scale water resource management in the Pearl River basin under the changing climate and global warming in particular. 相似文献
15.
气象水文模型耦合在黄河三花间洪水预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水文预报的有效预见期越长,预报精度越高,其对防洪减灾的价值就越大,而气象水文模型的耦合是延长水文预报有效预见期的一个重要研究方向。选取黄河流域三门峡水库以下、花园口水文站以上集水面积为研究区域,基于空间分辨率为90 m×90 m的数字高程模型数据构建数字流域水系,利用中尺度非静力模式MM5进行降雨预报和气温预报,并将之作为分布式时变增益水文模型降雨和蒸发计算的输入进行关键站点的水文预报,实现了分布式时变增益水文模型与大气中尺度非静力模式MM5的单向耦合及定量降水预报与洪水预报的结合,为花园口防汛工作提供了一定的参考价值。2012年与2010年的流量滚动预报结果相比,2012年预报结果的效率系数较大,径流深相对误差较小,说明2012年预报效果较好。对预报结果分析表明,实测的水情资料完整性直接影响预报结果,而滚动预报时间段的增加,水文预报的初始场对径流预报的影响逐渐减弱,水文预报的精确度逐渐提高,预报的效果变好。 相似文献
16.
长江流域雨情监测分析系统及其关键技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍长江流域雨情监测分析系统的总体设计与关键技术实现。系统利用新一代气象通信系统及现代信息存储技术,实现了长江流域12个省(市)气象部门的703个国家级自动气象站、12000余个区域级自动站等资料的实时收集、监控、质量控制、存储及共享,满足了流域雨情资料实时监测、分析业务的高时效性、高质量性的应用需求;利用长江流域气象历史和实时资料,实现了长江流域及其子流域日、月、季、年等固定时间尺度及任意时段的雨情监测,并利用物理统计方法,提炼出长江流域不同年代不同季节的降水空间分布;采用基于Flex的WebGIS框架设计,实现了人机交互实时分析,满足了在多用户并发条件下高密度自动站数据的快速响应。该系统的建成为三峡梯调中心提供了一个集气象信息收集、整理、加工分析、基于WebGIS展示分析产品等功能为一体的业务应用系统,为长江三峡水利枢纽综合调度和上游水资源开发利用提供气象服务技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
以太子河流域为研究区域,基于流域内的气象水文数据、数字高程模型及土地利用等资料,采用HBV水文模型对流域的水文过程进行模拟,通过对模型参数的率定与验证,评估了HBV模型在该流域径流模拟的适用性,确定了适合太子河流域的最优化参数,结合水位-流量关系曲线,推算太子河流域不同等级洪水致洪临界雨量。结果表明: HBV模型对太子河流域的径流模拟效果较好,率定期与验证期Nash效率系数与确定性系数均超过0.60,模型中积雪和融雪模块(CFR)、土壤含水量计算模块(BETA)与响应模块(KUZ2、UZ1、PERC)中的这些参数最为敏感,模型基本模拟出了洪水对降水的响应过程。通过建立的HBV水文模型,结合小林子水文站的水位-流量关系曲线,以警戒水位、保证水位作为不同等级洪水的判别条件,推算得到了不同起始水位下太子河流域动态临界雨量指标,临界雨量随起始水位的升高而有所减小。 相似文献
18.
Kerandi Noah Arnault Joel Laux Patrick Wagner Sven Kitheka Johnson Kunstmann Harald 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(3-4):1337-1355
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - For an improved understanding of the hydrometeorological conditions of the Tana River basin of Kenya, East Africa, its joint atmospheric-terrestrial water... 相似文献
19.
E. K. Semenov N. N. Sokolikhina E. V. Tatarinovich 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2017,42(3):141-149
Two opposite Far East monsoon summer seasons over the Amur River basin are investigated which caused the extreme drought and fires in 2008 and catastrophic flood in 2013. It is shown that in the low-water summer of 2008 due to blocking processes, polar-front cyclones were almost absent over the Amur, were short, had fuzzy frontal systems, and did not bring precipitation. The summer monsoon circulation was suppressed, and in the Amur region continental air masses dominated over marine tropical air. On the contrary, the summer of 2013 was characterized by unprecedented cyclonic activity and the sharp strengthening ofthe moisture-laden monsoon flow from the ocean. As a result, the intensification of summer monsoon precipitation and the Amur flood were observed. It was established that the Far East summer monsoon anomalies are associated with the large-scale transformation of atmospheric circulation over the Asia-Pacific region. 相似文献
20.
This study intends to disclose orographic effects on climate and climatic impacts on hydrological regimes in Qinling Mountains under global change background. We integrate a meteorological model (MM5 model, PSU/NCAR, 2005) and a hydrological model (SWAT model, 2005) to couple hydrological dynamic with climate change in Qinling Mountains. Models are calibrated and validated based on the simulation of different combined schemes. Following findings were achieved. Firstly, Qinling Mountains dominantly influence climate, and hydrological process in Weihe River and upper Hanjiang River. Results show that Qinling Mountains lead to a strong north–south gradient precipitation distribution over Qinling Mountains due to orographic effects, and it reduces precipitation from 10–25 mm (December) to 55–80 mm (August) in Weihe River basin, and adds 25–50 mm (December) or 65–112 mm (August) in upper Hanjiang River basin; evapotranspiration (ET) decrease of 21% in Weihe River (August) and increase 10.5% in upper Hanjiang River (July). The Qinling Mountains reduce water yields of 23.5% in Weihe River, and decrease of 11.3% in upper Hanjiang River. Secondly, climate change is responsible for the changes of coupling effects of rainfall, land use and cover, river flow and water resources. It shows that average temperature significantly increased, and precipitation substantially reduced which leads to hydrological process changed greatly from 1950 to 2005: temperature increased and precipitation decreased, climate became drier in the past two decades (1980–2005), high levels of precipitation exists in mid-1950, mid-1970, while other studied periods are in low level states. The inter-annual variation in water yield correlates with surface runoff with an R 2 value of 0.63 (Weihe River) and 0.87 (upper Hanjiang River). It shows that variation of annual precipitation was smaller than that of seasonal precipitation. 相似文献