共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
以2006年超强台风"桑美"为个例,分别以GFS(全球预报系统)再分析资料和JMA(日本气象厅)区域客观再分析资料为初始场,利用中尺度模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)对台风"桑美"进行高分辨率数值模拟,分析不同初始场资料对台风内部结构和移动路径的影响。结果表明:对于500hPa高度场和850hPa水汽、风场等预报,GFS再分析资料和JMA区域客观再分析资料均能较好地把握台风整体的流场形势。从700hPa风场、近地面风速、降水、雷达反射率、最小海平面气压和最大风速等模拟效果来看,JMA区域客观再分析资料均优于GFS再分析资料。对于台风路径的预报,前15h内JMA区域客观再分析资料较GFS再分析资料要好,而15h之后,以这两种资料作为初始场的台风预报路径与实况均有较大偏差。 相似文献
2.
Hydrological issues in lateral boundary conditions for regional climate modeling: simulation of east asian summer monsoon in 1998 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle associated with the East Asian summer monsoon is intricate due to its distinct
land-sea configurations: the highest mountains are to its west, the oceans are to its south and east, and mid-latitude influences
come from its north. Here we use the weather research and forecast (WRF) model to demonstrate that using two different large-scale
driving fields, derived from the NCEP/DOE R2 and ERA40 reanalysis data and the same model configuration yielded remarkable
differences. We found that the differences are primarily caused by uncertainties in the water vapor influx across the lateral
boundaries in the reanalyses. The summer-mean water vapor convergence into the model domain computed from the ERA40 reanalysis
is 47% higher than that from the R2 reanalysis. The largest uncertainties in moisture transport are found in the regions of
the Philippine Sea and the Bay of Bengal, where the moisture transport has the most significant impacts on the East Asian
summer monsoon rainfall distribution. The sensitivity test results suggest that the biases in the seasonal mean, seasonal
march of the rain band, and individual rainfall events may be reduced by using an “ensemble” average of R2 and ERA40 as lateral
boundary forcing. While the large-scale forcing field does not conserve water vapor, the WRF simulation conserves water vapor
in the inner model domain. The regional model simulation has corrected the biases in the total amount and the month-to-month
distribution of precipitation in the large-scale driving field. However, RCM’s daily precipitation is poorer than that in
the reanalysis filed. Since the RCM solutions may sensitively depend on the reanalysis forcing, intercomparison of models’
performance based on a single set of the reanalysis may not be reliable. This calls for attention to reshape our strategy
for validation of RCMs. 相似文献
3.
以2019年4月24日发生在辽宁省的一次大风天气过程为例,选取GFS(全球预报系统) 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,基于WRF模式三维变分同化技术,进行一组IASI资料同化试验,和未同化任何资料的控制试验(CTNL)。通过对比两组试验结果考察IASI资料同化改进数值模式初始场的分析及其后续预报的机制。研究结果表明：经过IASI资料同化的模拟结果质量有很大改善,分析场与背景场相比更靠近观测场；经过云检测之后不同通道使用的观测数目多少不一,资料同化对模拟的改善效果在通道0~800最佳；IASI资料同化对地表10 m风场的预报技巧有显著的提高作用,相比控制试验可以更精准地预报大风天气的区域和强度；IASI同化试验的预报质量高于控制试验且随时间比较稳定。 相似文献
4.
利用WRF模式和GFS资料对2016年11月28—29日乌鲁木齐机场一次冻雾天气过程进行预报,针对不同微物理过程、近地层、陆面过程、边界层等方案设计了13个预报方案组合,并将预报结果与观测资料进行对比分析发现,此次冻雾过程预报中,模式对陆面过程、近地层、边界层等参数化方案组合较为敏感,最优方案组合微物理过程为WDM6、近地层方案为QNSE,陆面过程方案为Noah,边界层方案QNSE。以最优的方案组合预报结果对此次冻雾进行分析,发现利用模式预报的环流形势、层结条件、温湿条件、混合条件等能够很好的判断出此次冻雾过程。就此个例而言,WRF模式预报的机场上空稳定层的变化,湿层结构、风场的水平和垂直结构等,对冻雾的生消以及冻雾过程中的能见度变化有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
Reduction of systematic biases in regional climate downscaling through ensemble forcing 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Simulations of the East Asian summer monsoon for the period of 1979–2001 were carried out using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model forced by three reanalysis datasets (NCEP-R2, ERA-40, and JRA-25). The experiments forced by different reanalysis data exhibited remarkable differences, primarily caused by uncertainties in the lateral boundary (LB) moisture fluxes over the Bay of Bengal and the Philippine Sea. The climatological mean water vapor convergence into the model domain computed from ERA-40 was about 24% higher than that from the NCEP-R2 reanalysis. We demonstrate that using the ensemble mean of NCEP-R2, ERA-40, and JRA-25 as LB forcing considerably reduced the biases in the model simulation. The use of ensemble forcing improved the performance in simulated mean circulation and precipitation, inter-annual variation in seasonal precipitation, and daily precipitation. The model simulated precipitation was superior to that in the reanalysis in both climatology and year-to-year variations, indicating the added value of dynamic downscaling. The results suggest that models having better performance under one set of LB forcing might worsen when another set of reanalysis data is used as LB forcing. Use of ensemble mean LB forcing for assessing regional climate model performance is recommended. 相似文献
6.
WRF模式不同云微物理参数化方案及水平分辨率对降水预报效果的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用WRF模式和GFS资料对一次大尺度天气系统作用下的暴雨过程进行了回报,分析了WRF模式不同降水方案和3种不同的水平分辨率（45km,15km和5km）对降水预报效果的影响。结果表明：①对于大尺度强迫作用较强的暴雨,尤其是层状云降水为主的暴雨,云微物理过程方案对降水的影响远大于积云参数化方案对降水的影响。②WRF模式不同的微物理过程方案对各等级降水量的预报效果差别较大。其中Kessler方案的TS评分明显随降水量级的增加而减小,其他6个方案的TS评分都呈现＂两头大,中间小＂的特点,即小雨和暴雨的TS评分较高,而中雨和大雨的TS评分较低。③对于小雨量级的降水,Lin方案的预报效果最好;对于中雨和大雨量级的降水,WSM 3方案的预报效果最好;对于暴雨量级的降水,WSM 5方案的预报效果最好;整体预报效果最好的是WSM 3方案,其次是WSM 5方案,Kessler方案最差。④WRF模式的降水预报效果并不总是随水平分辨率的提高而提高。模式水平分辨率的提高存在明显的阈值（15km左右）,当模式的水平分辨率提高到超过这一阈值以后,预报效果开始转差。 相似文献
7.
The simulation the most extreme surges over the period of instrumental observations in the Taganrog Bay since 1881, the surges occurred on March 24, 2013 and September 24, 2014. The objective of the simulation is to study surge formation features and to reveal requirements for the accuracy of simulating atmospheric and oceanic circulation in the Sea of Azov. For this purpose, the Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean Model (INMOM) with the spatial resolution of ~4 km and ~250 m was used. The atmospheric forcing over the Black Sea region was specified using ERA-Interim reanalysis data and WRF model data with the spatial resolution of 80 and 10 km, respectively. It is shown that the quality of simulation of extreme surges in the Sea of Azov is more dependent on the quality of the input atmospheric forcing than on the spatial resolution of the ocean circulation model. The usage of WRF data as atmospheric forcing allows the more accurate simulation of extreme surges. However, the simulation of the extreme surge of 2014 overestimates, and simulations for the 2013 surge underestimate the surge level. Evidently, as the used version of INMOM does not take into account the coastal zone flooding, the maximum surge value is overestimated. 相似文献
8.
S. A. Myslenkov V. S. Arkhipkin A. V. Pavlova S. A. Dobrolyubov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(10):670-678
The results of wind wave hindcast for the Caspian Sea for the period of 1979–2017 are presented. The WAVEWATCHIII wave model and wind forcing from the NCEP/CFSR reanalysis are used. The modeling is performed on the unstructured grid with the spacing to 1 km in the coastal zone. Mean and extreme values of wave height, length, and period are provided. It is shown that the maximum height of waves of 3% probability of exceedance is 11.7 m. The interannual variability of wave parameters is analyzed. No unambiguous trend towards increase or decrease in the storm activity was revealed over the hindcasting period. 相似文献
9.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2023,16(4):100347
Accurate forecasting of ocean waves is of great importance to the safety of marine transportation. Despite wave forecasts having been improved, the current level of prediction skill is still far from satisfactory. Here, the authors propose a new physically informed deep learning model, named Double-stage ConvLSTM (D-ConvLSTM), to improve wave forecasts in the Atlantic Ocean. The waves in the next three consecutive days are predicted by feeding the deep learning model with the observed wave conditions in the preceding two days and the simultaneous ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) wind forcing during the forecast period. The prediction skill of the d-ConvLSTM model was compared with that of two other forecasting methods—namely, the wave persistence forecast and the original ConvLSTM model. The results showed an increasing prediction error with the forecast lead time when the forecasts were evaluated using ERA5 reanalysis data. The d-ConvLSTM model outperformed the other two models in terms of wave prediction accuracy, with a root-mean-square error of lower than 0.4 m and an anomaly correlation coefficient skill of ∼0.80 at lead times of up to three days. In addition, a similar prediction was generated when the wind forcing was replaced by the IFS forecasted wind, suggesting that the d-ConvLSTM model is comparable to the Wave Model of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF-WAM), but more economical and time-saving.摘要海浪预报对海上运输安全至关重要. 本研究提出了一种涵盖物理信息的深度学习模型Double-stage ConvLSTM (D-ConvLSTM) 以改进大西洋的海浪预报. 将D-ConvLSTM模型与海浪持续性预测和原始ConvLSTM模型的预测技巧进行对比. 结果表明, 预测误差随着预测时长的增加而增加. D-ConvLSTM模型在预测准确度方面优于前二者, 且第三天预测的均方根误差低于0.4 m, 距平相关系数约在0.8. 此外, 当使用IFS预测风替代再分析风时, 能够产生相似的预测效果. 这表明D-ConvLSTM模型的预测能力能够与ECMWF-WAM模式相当, 且更节省计算资源和时间. 相似文献
10.
N. A. Kalinin A. L. Vetrov E. V. Pishchal’nikova E. M. Sviyazov A. N. Shikhov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(3):193-198
The results of the forecast of two heavy snowfalls registered on October 18 and 23, 2014 in the Urals using the WRF model are presented. The application of the WRF-ARW atmospheric model to the computation of weather forecasts for the conditions of heavy widespread precipitation in the form of snow is considered. The obtained estimates of precipitation forecast are compared with the estimates of the GFS NCEP global model. The results demonstrate that both models have approximately the same accuracy of precipitation forecast in the context of the process under consideration. 相似文献
11.
GFS对我国南方两次持续性降水过程的预报技巧评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用美国全球预报系统（Global Forecasting System,GFS）资料,利用谐波滤波提取空间长波、超长波分量,检验评估了GFS对2012年7月11—31日东亚地区大气环流场和降水的可预报能力。结果表明：GFS模式对东亚地区的中低层高度场预报可靠时效维持6 d以上,高层预报可靠时效可达10 d;长波、超长波的可预报效果显著,其中高度场长波5～8波的预报效果好于3～6波,风场则相反;GFS对我国南方两次持续性降水过程的可预报天数维持在8 d左右,并可提前2天预报出强降水带位置;模式对持续性降水过程预报相对站点观测降水量整体偏强。 相似文献
12.
The article proposes the method of climatic forecast of the occurrence frequency of synoptic conditions causing severe hydrometeorological events as well as severe events that are genetically related to them, in particular, storm wind waves. The choice of sea level pressure field as an indicator of atmospheric conditions of storm waves is substantiated. The algorithm for the method implementation is developed. It includes the processing of observational/reanalysis data; wind wave simulation; the systematization of synoptic conditions that accompany storm waves under the modern climate; the assessment of the ability of climate models of atmospheric and oceanic general circulation to simulate correctly the frequency of the revealed types of synoptic conditions for the modern climate; and the forecast of the frequency of these types for the possible scenarios of the future climate. 相似文献
13.
目前,北京地区的天气预报系统对局地对流性定量降水预报能力较弱,远不能满足人们生产、生活和防灾、减灾工作的需要。针对北京地区对提高0-12 h短时临近天气,尤其是夏季局地对流性降水预报能力的需求,基于中国气象局北京城市气象研究所变分多普勒雷达分析系统（VDRAS）的雷达热动力反演资料,建立了WRF模式初始化模块,采用四维资料同化（FDDA）方法,将VDRAS系统高时空分辨率三维热动力结构分析场资料同化到WRF模式中,实现了北京地区VDRAS分析场资料在WRF中尺度模式系统中的应用。通过降水个例的高分辨率同化模拟试验分析了雷达热动力反演资料同化对模式预报结果的影响。研究结果表明:雷达热动力反演资料的同化能够提高模式系统对近地面温、湿、风大气要素和降水过程的模拟能力,改善2 m比湿、降水落区、降水量级、降水时间的预报效果,减少降水漏报的现象。温度和比湿的同化比风的同化对模拟降水结果的改善更重要。虽然研究表明雷达热动力反演资料在WRF模式中的同化能够明显改善模式对选取降水个例的模拟效果,但其对模式尤其是数值业务模式系统预报效果的影响需要进一步更全面、更系统的检验,为业务化应用奠定更坚实的基础。 相似文献
14.
为了科学设计黄渤海海洋气象边界层观测站网并研究观测网布局对数值天气预报模式的影响,本文采用模式误差、海洋气象要素特征区域资料统计分析和观测系统模拟试验（OSSE）方法,根据边界层雾、层云降水、小风与中等风速天气条件设计布局方案,并分析站点观测要素对数值预报模式的要素预报的影响。模拟试验数据使用了每6 h NCEP再分析资料FNL（NCEP Final Operational Global Analysis data）、NCEP每天平均的高分辨率海温资料RTG_SST（Real-Time Global Sea Surface Temperature）和石油平台、浮标站等每小时实况观测资料,评估了黄渤海海洋气象站网布局各个方案的优缺点。评估结果表明,湿度和风的要素预报受实况风向风速条件影响,偏东和偏北风个例湿度要素预报较好。然而,在偏南中等风速个例中,风场预报要素更接近实况。温度场的分析综合结果显示,在海气相互作用影响较大的天气过程中,特征区域布站能明显提高温度要素的预报准确率。最后,综合分析多项模拟试验的结果,给出了改进数值预报准确率的海洋布站建议。 相似文献
15.
The convective equatorial waves in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and intermediate complexity atmospheric model QTCM are studied
on the base of double space-time spectral analysis. The frequency-wavenumber spectra of outgoing longwave radiation, precipitation,
zonal wind stress and net heat flux are obtained. Further, the propagation characteristics, amplitude and seasonal variability
of filtered waves are analyzed. It is shown that QTCM simulates a wide variety of equatorial waves that share many characteristics
with the observations. It is suggested that convective scheme applied in the model allows for simulation of interaction at
interannual-intraseasonal time scales. The role of interannual SST forcing and extratropical excitation is elucidated using
the model’s experiments with specific boundary conditions. 相似文献
16.
E. S. Nesterov Z. K. Abuzyarov G. A. Grigor’eva I. N. Davidan V. I. Dymov T. A. Pasechnik 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(10):669-676
An estimate of the computation accuracy of wind waves is obtained on the basis of three mathematical models used for the diagnosis and forecast of wind waves at the Hydrometcenter of Russia, US National Weather Service, and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The accuracy estimation was carried out for the whole year 2006 by means of the comparison of model computations based on different wind fields with hourly instrumental observations of waves at 16 buoys in the North Atlantic. The computation accuracy was estimated on the basis of six statistical characteristics. Besides, the estimates for various wave height ranges for months and seasons of the year are made for all buoys and grouped into three geographical areas: the coasts of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain. The essential differences are revealed in the accuracy of model-based computation of waves in the areas of the ocean with different wind wave regimes, in different seasons of the year, and within various wave height ranges. The obtained results indicate the necessity to improve the present-day methods of diagnosis and forecast of wind waves. 相似文献
17.
基于ERA-5再分析资料和NCEP的GFS预报系统的120 h预报资料,对华东地区2020年12月至2021年3月期间9次寒潮过程中数值模式的近地面风速和向下净短波辐射通量预报技巧进行了检验,检验结果表明:1）GFS预报系统在提前1～4 d均能准确预报出寒潮过程（降温幅度和最低温度）,平均预报命中率均在80%以上。2）在寒潮过程中,近地面风速会明显增强,虽然0～2级风速预报评分明显降低,但对3～5级和6级以上的风速预报评分（Threat Score, TS）反而较一般天气过程高;而向下净短波辐射通量预报相对误差要比一般天气过程偏大,尤其在寒潮爆发日最大。3）在寒潮过程中预报技巧具有明显日变化特征,0～2级风速预报技巧下午最低,尤其在寒潮最强日最明显;3～5级风速预报技巧在18:00（协调世界时）左右最低,在寒潮最强日夜间都很低。而向下净短波辐射通量预报下午以后预报误差显著增大,尤其在寒潮爆发日误差最大。4）在寒潮过程中,预报技巧随着预报时效的延长而降低,其中24 h预报TS评分较高,误差较小。72 h评分较低,误差较大。 相似文献
18.
采用GFS背景场资料和ADAS资料同化系统,使用WRF模式对2014—2016年青岛近海17个海雾个例进行了模拟,分析了3种能见度算法的预报效果。结果表明, FSL（Forecast Systems Laboratory）算法对于沿海站、岸基站雾的预报较SW99（Steolinga and Warner 1999）算法有优势;对于海岛站而言,SW99算法则优于FSL算法。混合算法CVIS（Combined Visibility）较单一算法预报雾准确率有所提高。3种能见度算法基本上是高估能见度的,SW99算法能见度预报均方根误差最大。另外,SW99算法对沿海站、岸基站雾开始时间预报较实况多偏晚,结束时间预报较实况多偏早,持续时间预报较实况多偏短。 相似文献
19.
基于自动站观测和ECMWF再分析资料,针对中国气象局上海台风研究所区域高分辨率台风模式(Shanghai Tropical Cyclone High Resolution Analysis and Prediction System,STI-THRAPS)和业务常用的4个数值模式,即欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,EC)全球模式,美国全球预报系统(The Global Forecast System,GFS),日本气象厅(Japan Meteorological Agency,JMA)全球模式和我国T639(T639L60)全球模式,对1323号台风"菲特"登陆过程的预报性能进行了综合检验评估。结果显示:对暴雨以上的强降水预报STI-THRAPS有明显优势。仅有该模式对超过500 mm的极端降水做出预报,且各项评分均好于全球模式,漏报率也明显优于其他模式。对暴雨以下的降水预报各个模式差距不大。美国GFS和STI-THRAPS较好地预报了大风区,STI-THRAPS预报的风场与实况的空间相关程度最高。从漏报率上来看,STI-THRAPS模式的风场预报具有明显优势。虽然预报最大风速偏大,但是STI-THRAPS在24 h后的路径预报有较大优势。 相似文献
20.
本文利用高分辨率中尺度数值预报模式WRF和两组再分析资料,在研究不同模式初值对华南暖区暴雨预报质量差异明显的基础上,利用合成初值方法进行了模式初值对暖区暴雨预报的敏感性数值试验研究,讨论了模式初始场关键物理量对暖区暴雨预报质量的影响,重点开展了模式初值湿度场质量对华南暖区暴雨降水预报的敏感性分析。结果表明:模式初始场质量的较小差异,可显著影响本次华南暖区暴雨预报的降水强度、降水落区以及降水发生时间等的质量。初始水汽场对暖区暴雨预报影响最大,也最为敏感,是准确预报对流单体的发生发展以及地面强降水的基础。风场和温度场对暖区暴雨预报的影响相对较小。对流层低层较强的风速辐合是本次暖区暴雨强对流单体触发、生成和加强发展以至产生暖区强降水的物理基础。 相似文献