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1.
利用CIMSS微波卫星产品和多普勒天气雷达资料,分析超强台风利奇马（1909）的长时间双眼墙特征,并采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法同化雷达径向风资料,诊断利奇马双眼墙的三维结构演变特征。结果表明:在双眼墙演变过程初期,受强垂直风切变和中高层干空气入侵的影响,外眼墙对流减弱,呈非对称特征。Sawyer-Eliassen方程诊断结果显示:台风利奇马（1909）内、外眼墙次级环流之间的相互作用不明显,不同于发生眼墙替换过程的台风,其外眼墙处非绝热加热引起的下沉运动发生在内眼的眼心,内眼墙的上升运动并未受到外眼墙次级环流抑制。另外,在强垂直风切变条件下,非对称的外眼墙不能持续增强收缩并取代内眼墙,因此双眼墙结构得以长时间维持。可见,台风利奇马（1909）外眼墙的非对称结构和特殊的次级环流分布是其双眼墙能够长期维持的重要原因。 相似文献
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A Study on Typhoon-Induced Rainfalls over Beijing: Statistics and Case Analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the Shanghai Typhoon Institute (STI) Typhoon Year Book and typhoon precipitation data,
Japan Meteorological Agency satellite TBB data, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
reanalysis data, the climatic characteristics of rainfalls in Beijing associated with typhoons were analyzed
for the period 1949–2006, and two typhoon cases with remarkable differences in rainfall intensity over Beijing
were compared and diagnosed. The 58-yr statistical results show that rainfall events associated with
typhoons occurred in Beijing about once every three years during June–September. These typhoons were
mainly active in the region 20?–50?N, 109?–128?E and most of them moved northwestward while the others
turned to the northeast. The typhoon rainfall over Beijing in general sustained for 2–5 days. Typhoon
centers were usually located in the areas from Jiangxi to Anhui, the Yellow Sea, or near Beijing, when rainstorms
occurred over Beijing. Case study indicates that the 2-day torrential rainfall event that happened in
Beijing in 1984 was due to the interaction between Typhoon Freda (8407) and a westerly trough, while only
a medium-strength rainfall event occurred in Beijing in 2005 in spite of the dominating cyclonic circulation
of Typhoon Matsa (0509) directly over Beijing. It is found that both Freda and Matsa underwent extratropical
transition and possessed an asymmetric structure. The rainfall difference was caused by the fact
that Beijing was located in different convective development areas of the two typhoons. On the other hand,
the lifting conditions were different although plentiful atmospheric moisture and convective unstable energy
existed over Beijing during both events. The ascending motion of warm southerly in Beijing was stronger
and deeper and a larger vertical wind shear was associated with Typhoon Freda. However, the lifting of
water vapor was restrained by the descending motion of northerly cold airflow in Beijing under the impact of
Typhoon Matsa. Besides, it is also found that topography played an important role in the typhoon rainfall
over Beijing. 相似文献
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The strong vortex will mutually adjust the thermodynamic field and dynamic field to a state of gradient balance whilst forced by an external cold source,namely,the gradient adjustment process,in which a linearized two-layer model is dealt with in this paper.The analyses show that on account of the heterogeneous radial distribution of the cold source,the adjustment of the thermodynamic and dynamic fields results in the two-peak tangential wind feature,which is analogous to the character of concentric double eyewalls in the strong typhoon.Consequently,the gradient adjustment may be one possible mechanism for the formation of a concentric double-eye typhoon. 相似文献
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利用中央气象台台风实时业务定位资料和地面气象观测资料对2020年西北太平洋和南海的台风活动主要特征以及主要影响我国的台风路径、强度及风雨情况进行了统计分析。2020年西北太平洋和南海共有23个台风生成,较多年平均值（27.0个）偏少4.0个;有5个台风登陆我国,较多年平均值（7.0个）偏少2.0个。2020年台风活动的主要特征有：台风生成源地明显偏西;生成总数偏少,极值强度偏弱;7月“空台”,是1949年以来历史首次;8月台风活跃,出现多个近海快速增强的台风;8月下旬至9月上旬,3个台风连续北上影响我国东北地区,历史罕见;10月生成的台风个数较常年偏多,先后影响我国南海或中南半岛。 相似文献
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Predicting the intensity of tropical cyclones(TCs)is challenging in operational weather prediction systems,partly due to the difficulty in defining the initial vortex.In an attempt to solve this problem,this study investigated the effect of initial vortex intensity correction on the prediction of the intensity of TCs by the operational numerical prediction system GRAPES_TYM(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System_Typhoon Model)of the National Meteorological Center of the China Meteorological Administration.The statistical results based on experiments using data for major TCs in 2018 show that initial vortex intensity correction can reduce the errors in mean intensity for up to 120-h integration,with a noticeable decrease in the negative bias of intensity and a slight increase in the mean track error.The correction leads to an increase in the correlation coefficient of Vmax(maximum wind speed at 10-m height)for the severe typhoon and super typhoon stages.Analyses of the errors in intensity at different stages of intensity(including tropical storms,severe tropical storms,typhoons,severe typhoons,and super typhoons)show that vortex intensity correction has a remarkable positive influence on the prediction of super typhoons from 0 to 120h.Analyses of the errors in intensity for TCs with different initial intensities indicate that initial vortex correction can significantly improve the prediction of intensity from 24 to 96 h for weak TCs(including tropical storms and severe tropical storms at the initial time)and up to 24 h for strong TCs(including severe typhoons and super typhoons at the initial time).The effect of the initial vortex intensity correction is more important for developing TCs than for weakening TCs. 相似文献
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Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the structure of a wintertime typhoon named Nanmadol that landed on Taiwan 4 December, 2004 has been examined in this paper, it is found that Nanmadol looks similar in structure and time evolution to summer typhoons; the central part of it is warm and humid, and the convergence is observed in the lower troposphere while there is divergence in the upper troposphere. The differences between wintertime and summertime typhoons are found. The southwest stream flow in the lower troposphere and cyclonic disturbance in the upper troposphere seem significantly weaker in Nanmadol than in summertime typhoons. The EOF analysis performed for sea level pressure (SLP) of Nanmadol shows that about 90% of the total variance of temporal changes in typhoon circulation can be explained by two leading EOF modes of EOF1 and EOF2. EOF1 shows the structure and intensity variations of Nanmadol while EOF2 shows the changes in environmental SLP distributions that influences the moving direction of Nanmadol. 相似文献
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定量诊断分析北上台风的云系结构特征对于预报有重要意义,研究选取2011—2020年16个北上台风,定义南北对称度因子S1和一三象限对称度因子S2,作为反映北上台风云系结构的指标。当S1＜0时,通常台风南侧和西南侧的云量较多,并常与季风云系相连,台风一般表现为“9”字型结构;当S1＞0时,通常台风北侧和东北侧的云量较多,台风南侧的云系减弱,台风一般表现为“6”字型结构。台风北上过程中由S1＜0向S1＞0转变,在云系结构特征上表现为由“9”字型结构转化为“6”字型结构。而这种结构特征的转变初始表现为台风核心区域内第一象限云量增多并向东北方向伸展,同时第三象限对流云衰减以及云量减少,此时,一三象限对称度因子S2＞0并快速增大,台风有快速减弱的趋势。南北对称度因子和一三象限对称度因子作为北上台风云系结构诊断分析的两个重要指标,为台风强度、降雨的监测和预报形成了定量参考。 相似文献
9.
本文利用飞机探测资料，分析了台风同心双环云墙演变的特征。在1949—1985年的83个同心双眼台风中，双环云墙的演变可分为以下三类。1.随着台风的加强，包围眼的云墙直径逐渐缩小，而外围又会涌入一圈环状闭合云墙，外云墙也逐渐缩小，内云墙很快消失。在这类台风变化过程中，会有几次外围涌入环状云墙的情况；与此相对应，台风强度变化有一振荡。2.另一类台风在变化过程中，外围涌入环状云墙只有一次。外云墙发展变化较复杂:有的台风外云墙会渐渐缩小；有的外云墙会渐渐扩展；有的双环云墙维持较长一段时间；有的外云墙出现后很快消失。3.还有一类双环云墙的形成是由台风眼内积云对流发展而演变为环状闭合内云墙的，这类台风的内云墙维持一段时间后即消散。 相似文献
10.
REANALYSIS OF CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE OVER WEST PACIFIC FOR LATEST 50 YEARS(1949～1996) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A statistic analysis has been conducted of the climatological features of Northwest Pacific typhoons over the past 50 years based on historical record from 1949 to 1996. The objects of study include theannual variation, distribution by season and intensity, and category of motion. Additional investigation is made ofhow the typhoon varies in terms of the geographic location of generation and the relationship between the intensity and the source area. It is revealed that most of the strong typhoons originate over waters east of 125°E with the strongest group coming from the Mariana Is. Besides, distribution of landing typhoons is given with respect toseason and latitude. Statistics of central pressure at the point of landfall suggests that typhoons making landfallson the provinces of Zhejiang and Fujian are less frequent than in south China but have relatively high intensity. 相似文献
11.
1109号台风“梅花”和1215号台风“布拉万”是自黄海海域北上影响辽东半岛的台风,两次台风降雨量和风力的预报均出现偏差。利用常规气象资料、加密气象自动观测站资料及NCEP再分析资料对两次台风过程进行对比分析。结果表明：500 hPa中高纬度110°-120°E附近低槽、鄂霍次克海阻塞高压、副热带高压强度和形状的改变及北方冷空气对台风北上路径和强度有重要影响。北方冷空气对北上台风引起的降雨十分关键,降雨主要由台风外围螺旋雨带造成。日本海高压伸向中国东北地区的高压脊对大风的形成有重要作用,台风登陆后影响时间的长短与登陆后冷空气的配合有密切关系。 相似文献
12.
一、引言 二十多年来,人们想弄清楚成熟台风的眼区结构,已作了很大的努力。Bergeron(1954)利用一系列通过菲律宾群岛的台风资料,研究给出了台风内区的风和降水最大值的位置,以及眼壁有明显的向外倾斜的特点。Riehl、Malkus(1961)和Gray、Shea(1973等人利用机载探测仪器得到的资料,研究飓风眼的结构。Gray等人根据1957—1969年21个飓风的533次飞机穿行飓风的观测资料,进行综合分析,揭示飓风内区的结构特征和变化。七十年代后期以来,飞机探测技术迅速发展,使以研究为目的的飞行计划 相似文献
13.
采用三维变分混合同化方法对双台风菲特（1323）和丹娜丝（1324）、天鹅（0907）和莫拉克（0908）进行数值模拟,并在此基础上,采用移除双台风中任一台风和增强或减弱任一台风的方法,对双台风的相互作用进行了敏感性试验。结果表明:台风丹娜丝的作用导致台风菲特路径偏南,移速偏慢;台风菲特的作用导致台风丹娜丝路径偏北,移速变化不大。双台风相互作用使台风菲特和丹娜丝强度发生变化。在台风菲特强盛阶段强度更强,减弱消亡阶段强度更弱。2013年10月6-9日我国华东地区出现的强降水主要受台风菲特影响,台风丹娜丝使降水强度增强、强降水中心位置偏南。双台风相互作用使台风天鹅移向偏南,移速偏快,但台风天鹅对台风莫拉克的移向、移速影响不大;台风天鹅路径盘旋曲折,每次移向的变化都与台风莫拉克有关;台风天鹅打转程度与台风莫拉克的强度呈正相关,双台风间存在涡度、水汽通量等的相互影响及输送机制。 相似文献
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利用欧洲中心ERA-Interim逐6 h再分析资料和国家气象中心提供的逐小时台风业务资料,对比分析了2020年第7号台风“海高斯”和2017年第13号台风“天鸽”的环流形势和强度结构特征,发现二者的尺度都比较小;生成的时间和移动路径比较相似;并且都出现了近海快速加强的过程。从对比分析来看,造成两个台风近海快速加强的共同原因主要有海温异常偏高、环境风的垂直切变较小以及有利的高低层环流配置等,而造成两个台风近海快速加强的不同原因也较为显著,分别从位涡垂直分布、涡度收支和涡度拟能等方面进行诊断分析,得到一些有利于台风强度快速增长的不同因素。 相似文献
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登陆过程中台风高层暖心结构演变特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用美国国家环境预报中心NCEP提供的分辨率为0.5°的再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所热带气旋最佳路径集,对1979—2010年于30°N以南登陆中国的台风进行合成并分析其高层暖心结构,主要结论如下:(1)登陆台风暖心在登陆前18h左右强度有较明显的加强趋势;(2)登陆阶段台风暖心有着明显的非对称性,向陆地侧的暖心面积更大;而在登陆方向两侧暖心结构也存在较弱的非对称性,登陆前暖心面积左侧大于右侧,登陆后暖心面积右侧大于左侧。(3)登陆台风暖心的温度梯度分布是不均匀的。越靠近暖心外围,温度梯度越大,越靠近暖心中心,温度梯度相对较小。当暖心强度变化后,暖心内层温度的变化率大于外层。(4)登陆过程中暖心强度在垂直方向的衰减比水平方向更为显著。(5)文中几种台风暖心特征的计算简便,物理含义明确,为实际业务提供了较为不错的定量化参考,方便理解台风暖心结构与台风强度变化之间的关系,具备一定的业务应用价值。 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料、自动气象站资料、气象卫星资料及NCEP FNL 1°×1°再分析资料对以相似路径影响山东的登陆北上类台风“利奇马”（1909）和“桃芝”（0108）进行对比分析,得到以下主要结论：1）暴雨分布特征和强度与热带气旋位置存在显著差异。2）中纬度台风暴雨比较复杂,台风降水地形增幅作用尽管明显,但主要与台风结构和强度差异有关。3）小时最大雨量与台风强弱没有必然联系,强降水维持时间长短是“利奇马”与“桃芝”累计降水有较大差别的重要因素。4）环流形势的显著差异是导致两个台风影响山东时间、降水明显不同的一个重要原因。5）“利奇马”和“桃芝”降水水汽输送条件差异是降水分布存在明显差异的重要因素,动力条件也存在明显差异。6）对流有效位能(convective available potential energy,CAPE)在两次台风暴雨中反应效果不同。 相似文献
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NCEP GFS(Global Forecast System)analytical data(available 4 times per day),satellite cloud image data and real-time observations of path and intensity of Typhoon Morakot are employed to investigate the variation of synoptic dynamics in its intensity and structure before and after the landing.This study intends to offer some hints for the forecast of intensity and structure of typhoons.Results show that in the tangential direction,the averaged asymmetry amplitude of wind on the radius of a large-value center of the low-level wind can be used as an important parameter for diagnosing the intensity of typhoons.Besides,the maximum of the upper dry potential vorticity in Morakot’s center tends to extend downward along the intensive gradient of tangential wind situated on the inner side of a large-value center of the low-level tangential wind.Additionally,the radial advection of the tangential wind determines the variation of tangential wind in conjunction with the vertical transmission of the tangential wind,the inertial centrifugal force and the Coriolis force.These four items are dominant in the motion equation of tangential wind based on a cylindrical coordinate without the effects of friction and turbulence.Moreover,the low-level convergence center of the typhoon has a tendency of shifting and developing along the intensive gradient of the tangential wind in the tangential direction. 相似文献
18.
Zhang Banglin 《大气科学进展》1994,11(4):447-458
The Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation index provided by Climate Analysis Center of USA has been used in numerous studies.
But, it has some deficiency. It contains noise mainly due to high month—to-month variability. In order to reduce the level
of noise in the SO index, this paper introduces a fully data—adaptive filter based on singular spectrum analysis. Another
interesting aspect of the filter is that it can be used to fill data gaps of the SO index by an iterative process. Eventually,
a noiseless long—period data series without any gaps is obtained. 相似文献
19.
利用中央气象台台风实时业务资料、自动气象站观测资料以及卫星云图等对2021年西北太平洋及南海台风活动的主要特征和影响我国台风的路径、强度及风雨影响进行分析和回顾。结果表明:2021年西北太平洋及南海台风生成个数偏少,生成源地整体偏西;台风强度偏弱,但有多个台风出现了快速增强,其中台风“烟花”“灿都”的24 h强度增幅达40 m·s-1,为近30 a少见;2021年先后有5个台风登陆我国,另有2个台风影响我国。在登陆台风中,4个登陆华南的台风强度均弱于历史平均值。所有登陆台风在登陆后的维持时间都明显高于历史均值,特别是台风“烟花”为历史上登陆华东后维持时间最长的台风,给我国带来了严重的灾害影响。 相似文献
20.
采用WRF中尺度模式和美国国家环境预报中心每6h一次的1°×1°全球再分析资料,分别对西北太平洋1208号台风韦森特及1415号台风海鸥个例进行了数值模拟,结果表明WRF模式可以较好地模拟台风中心移动的路径与强度变化,单点风速的时间变化表明模拟得到的近地风场与实际观测吻合。在模式结果与实际观测比较一致的基础上,开展了改变特定区域内的地形和陆面特征的敏感性试验,通过比较不同站点的观测和模拟风速的变化,探究台风影响下香港及深圳地区地形和下垫面性质的改变对深圳不同地区阵风变化的作用,发现对于登陆粤西或向西移动的台风,香港地形和陆地的阻挡和摩擦作用减弱了台风在深圳中西部地区引起的风速,香港对深圳中西部起到了一定的缓冲和保护作用,另外深圳地区的梧桐山地形所形成的峡口使得盐田港风力增大。 相似文献