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1.
几种台风资料的对比及台风年鉴数据的订正 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对比分别采用台风年鉴、美国关岛联合台风警报中心(JTWC)和日本气象厅(东京区域专业气象中心)(JMA)的最佳台风路径资料,得到西北太平洋年热带低压强度以上(TC)和热带风暴强度以上(TS)的年频数、观测记录次数、破坏力强度等特征量,发现：⑴ 不同资料数据的差异随台风强度的增加而减小。分别基于CMA_SHI和JTWC资料的1950—1979年西北太平洋TC频数、TC观测次数存在明显差异,而TS差异性小得多,但年TS频数均值仍差异明显;⑵ 年代际分布上,1950年代差异较大,1970年代中期—1980年代差异较小,而1990年代中后期开始差异加大。进一步提出了对台风年鉴数据中风速和频数的订正方法。 相似文献
2.
热带气旋强度资料的差异性分析 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
通过对比西北太平洋3个主要预报中心(中国气象局(CMA)、日本东京台风中心(RSMC Tokyo)和美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC))的16 a数据,分析了不同来源的热带气旋(TC)强度资料的差异性。结果表明:CMA与RSMCTokyo和JTWC的TC强度均值分别相差0.6和1.7 m/s,均通过1%信度的统计检验,即存在显著差异;3个中心对同一TC确定的强度最大差异超过30 m/s;CMA资料的台风数多于RSMC Tokyo和JTWC,年台风频数的均方差也最大,但是3个中心资料的各级TC频数差异均无统计显著性。对比有、无飞机探测时段的资料发现,对TC进行飞机探测可在一定程度上减小各中心在确定TC强度方面的分歧。为了初步了解上述资料问题对TC强度预报的可能影响,采用一个气候持续性预报方法,取不同来源的TC强度资料进行了4 a(2000—2003年)的预报。发现据JTWC资料所得TC强度预报有最大的均方根误差,RSMCTokyo的最小,CMA居中;据CMA和RSMC Tokyo(CMA和JTWC)资料,对相同TC相同时次24 h预报的平均绝对偏差达2.5(4.0)m/s,最大可相差16(21)m/s。可见,西北太平洋TC强度的基本资料问题增加了预报的难度。 相似文献
3.
基于ECMWF海平面气压场的热带气旋路径预报效果检验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将三次样条插值方法应用到欧洲中心(ECMWF)海平面气压场(24～120 h)进行热带气旋(TC)中心定位定强和误差计算,并与同期美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)、日本气象厅(JMA)和中国中央气象台(CMO)综合预报进行路径误差对比分析。结果表明:72 h以内预报以JTWC表现最好,其次是JMA的综合预报,ECMWF客观预报最差,但ECMWF对于96 h和120 h的热带气旋(TC)中期路径趋势比JTWC综合预报有更好的参考价值。ECMWF对24～120 h TC中心定强偏高15～20 hPa。分别统计08时和20时TC路径预报误差发现,24 h和48 h二者没有差异,而72～120 h 20时预报水平好于08时。 相似文献
4.
不同数据集下西北太平洋热带气旋变性特征的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国(CMA)、日本(JMA)、美国(JTWC)三家西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)年鉴资料,研究了西北太平洋TC变性资料的差异情况。结果表明:(1) 2004—2010年,JTWC在TC变性认定、变性时间判定及变性后维持时间上与CMA、JMA差异较大,而后两家较一致;(2) 1951—2010年,CMA与JMA两家差异主要在TC变性认定及变性后维持时间上,这与目前业务中仍无统一的客观TC变性判别标准不无关系;(3) 西北太平洋变性TC气候特征比较发现,CMA年鉴TC变性比例较JMA低且呈下降趋势,JMA则基本不变;TC变性主要集中在6—11月,2月变性纬度最南,8月最北,8月后南撤;易发生变性的纬度带和区域分别是35～45 °N和日本及以东洋面;TC变性时的强度随变性纬度增加而增强,大陆或近海变性的TC强度弱于海洋上发生变性的TC;完成变性前24 h,TC的强度基本逐渐减弱,变性后CMA(JMA)有21%(27%)的TC经历增强。针对变性资料的差异,建议业务中加强TC变性客观判别方法的使用。 相似文献
5.
应用1999—2003年中国中央气象台 (CMO)、日本气象厅 (JMA) 以及美国联合台风警报中心 (JTWC) 发布的西北太平洋热带气旋综合预报资料, 从总误差、逐年误差趋势、不同海区误差、不同路径趋势误差、不同强度趋势误差等5个方面对各预报中心的路径及强度预报结果进行分析, 结果表明:5年总的平均误差以JTWC的路径预报误差最小, 而JMA的强度预报较准确; 在不同海域, 各预报中心的路径预报能力各有优势, 但在热带气旋的强度预报方面, JMA的方法在各海区都较稳定; 对不同路径趋势热带气旋的预报方面, 除了南海转向热带气旋的路径预报比JMA和CMO稍差一些之外, JTWC的路径预报在大多数情况下都是好于或相当于JMA和CMO; 在不同强度变化趋势热带气旋的预报方面, JTWC在大多数情况下都优于其他中心。上述结果帮助业务和科技人员全面了解各预报中心的预报能力优劣, 也为今后改进我国的热带气旋预报提供有益的参考。 相似文献
6.
登陆台湾后再次登陆大陆的热带气旋(TC)由于受复杂下垫面及中低纬天气系统的共同影响,过岛后在海峡内的路径、强度及结构变化复杂,导致登陆大陆的精确化定位、定强及预报难度大。分析了1949—2017年二次登陆的81个热带气旋路径及强度变化特征,并对上海台风所(CMA/STI)、美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)及东京区域台风中心(RSMC-Tokyo)的热带气旋最佳路径数据中过岛热带气旋的定位定强进行对比分析。结果表明:二次登陆大陆热带气旋强度以减弱为主,少数热带气旋在海峡内增强;过岛后热带气旋路径多数会发生明显偏折,但三家最佳路径资料判断的偏折趋势不一致;由于热带气旋过岛时结构遭到破坏,定位定强难度增大,导致三个业务中心对其定位定强的差异较大,这种不确定性增大了其路径和强度监测预报的难度。 相似文献
7.
利用美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC),中国气象局(China Meteorological Administration,CMA)上海台风所,日本气象厅(Japan Meteorological Agency,JMA)的台风最佳路径资料以及美国NCAR/NCEP再分析资料等,深入研究厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)与西北太平洋强热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC),即1 min最大风速大于等于114 kn相关关系的变化。结果表明,ENSO与热带西北太平洋(Western North Pacific,WNP)强TC频数之间的相关关系存在明显年代际变化。在1960—1971年期间(前一阶段),强TC年频数与Ni1o3. 4(11月—次年1月平均)相关性较弱;而在1983—2014年期间(后一阶段)两者的相关性则为强的正相关。并且强TC的年频数、生命史以及生成位置在后一阶段El Ni1o和La Ni1a年之间的差异相比前一阶段都有明显的增大。进一步分析发现:热带太平洋海温异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)的西移是造成后一阶段Ni1o3. 4指数与强TC年频数相关性提高的关键因素。在后一阶段的El Ni1o(La Ni1a)年,SSTA的西移使得WNP东南象限的相对湿度明显增加(减少),从而有利于(不利于) TC在此象限生成。又因为位于东南象限的TC比较容易发展成强TC,因此导致后一阶段的El Ni1o(La Ni1a)年有更多(更少)的强TC在西北太平洋的东南象限生成。 相似文献
8.
《气候变化研究进展》2017,(1)
本文利用美国联合台风预警中心(JTWC)、中国气象局上海台风研究所(CMA)及日本气象厅东京台风中心(JMA)3套热带气旋(TC)数据集,分别选取TC达到生命史极值强度时、达到台风等级时以及达到热带风暴等级时所在的位置作为研究指标,分析了1980—2013年5—11月西北太平洋TC达到不同强度时所在位置的长期变化趋势。研究得出如下结论:西北太平洋TC在达到生命史极值强度时所处的位置表现为显著向北移动的趋势,3个不同数据集向北移动趋势值分别为90、93、113 km/10a。同时TC在达到台风和热带风暴级别时还存在相对明显的向北和向西移动趋势。本文进一步从环境场出发,分析了垂直风切变、海表温度以及潜在生成指数等影响因子的变化特征,为TC达不同强度时所处位置的长期变化趋势给出可能的物理解释。 相似文献
9.
登陆中国不同强度热带气旋的变化特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
根据《热带气旋等级》国家标准(2006),将热带气旋(TC)划分为热带低压(TD)、热带风暴(TS)、强热带风暴(STS)、台风(TY)、强台风(STY)、超强台风(SSTY)6个等级,利用中国气象局整编的1949—2006年共58年的《台风年鉴》和《热带气旋年鉴》资料,分析了登陆中国大陆、海南和台湾不同强度TC变化特征。结果表明：(1) 不同强度登陆TC频数存在年际和年代际变化,在长期趋势上,TD、TS登陆频数呈现显著的线性递减趋势,STY登陆频数呈现显著增加趋势。(2) 登陆TD、TS、STS存在6—8年的周期变化,TY具有准16年的周期变化。(3) 登陆TD、TS主要生成于南海东北部海面,登陆TY、STY、SSTY多生成于巴士海峡东南部海面和菲律宾以东洋面。(4) 在年代际变化上,南海生成的登陆TD、TS频数有减少趋势,TY、STY有增多趋势。 相似文献
10.
本文利用美国联合台风预警中心（JTWC)、中国气象局上海台风研究所（CMA）及日本气象厅东京台风中心（JMA）3 套热带气旋（TC）数据集,分别选取TC 达到生命史极值强度时、达到台风等级时以及达到热带风暴等级时所在的位置作为研究指标,分析了1980—2013 年5—11 月西北太平洋TC 达到不同强度时所在位置的长期变化趋势。研究得出如下结论：西北太平洋TC 在达到生命史极值强度时所处的位置表现为显著向北移动的趋势,3 个不同数据集向北移动趋势值分别为90、93、113 km/10a。同时TC 在达到台风和热带风暴级别时还存在相对明显的向北和向西移动趋势。本文进一步从环境场出发,分析了垂直风切变、海表温度以及潜在生成指数等影响因子的变化特征,为TC达不同强度时所处位置的长期变化趋势给出可能的物理解释。 相似文献
11.
DIFFERENCES AMONG DIFFERENT DATABASES IN THE NUMBER OF TROPICAL CYCLONES FORMING OVER THE WESTERN NORTH
PACIFIC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
As shown in comparisons of the characteristics of inter-annual and inter-decadal variability and
periodical changes in the number of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific by three
major forecast centers, i.e. China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized
Meteorological Center of Tokyo (JMA) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of Guam, there are the
following important points. (1) Climatology of tropical cyclone (TC) or typhoon (TC on the intensity of TS
or stronger) shows some difference in tropical cyclone frequency among the centers, which is more notable
with TC than with typhoon. Both of them are more at the database of CMA than at those of the other two
centers. (2) The difference is too significant to ignore in the inter-annual variability of tropical cyclone
frequency between CMA and JTWC, which mainly results from the obvious difference in the inter-annual
variability of the number of generated tropical depression (TD) between the two databases. The difference
is small in the inter-annual variability of TS formations among all the three databases, and consistence is
good between JMA and CMA or JTWC. (3) Though differences are not significant in the periodical
variation of TC formations between CMA and JTWC, they are markedly apart in the inter-decadal
variability, which is mainly shown by an anti-phase during the 1990s. (4) Non-homogeneity may exist
around the late stage of the 1960s in the data of tropical cyclone frequency. 相似文献
12.
INTENSITY CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC AS REVEALED BY THREE DIFFERENT DATASETS 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Analyzed in this paper are the 20-yr(1991-2010)tropical cyclone(TC)intensity from three forecast centers in the Western North Pacific,i.e.China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA),and Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)of the United States.Results show that there is more or less discrepancy in the intensity change of a TC among different datasets.The maximum discrepancy reaches 22 hPa/6h(42 hPa/6h,33 hPa/6h)between CMA and JMA(CMA and JTWC,JMA and JTWC).Special attention is paid to the records for abrupt intensity change,which is currently a difficult issue for forecasters globally.It is found that an abrupt intensity change process recorded by one dataset can have,in some extreme cases,intensity change in another dataset varying from 0 to≥10 hPa/6h with the same sign or the opposite sign.In a total of 2511 cases experiencing rapid intensity change,only 14%have consensus among all the three datasets and 25%have agreement between two of the three datasets.In spite of such a significant uncertainty,the three datasets agree on the general statistical characteristics of abrupt intensity change,including regional and seasonal distribution,the relationship with initial intensity and TC moving speed,and persistence features.Notable disagreement is on very strong systems(SuperTY)and TCs moving very fast. 相似文献
13.
The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition(ET) of western North Pacific tropical cyclones(TCs) were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC). The results show that the ET identification, ET completion time, and post-ET duration reported in the JTWC dataset are greatly different from those in CMA and JMA datasets during 2004-2010. However, the key differences between the CMA and JMA datasets from 1951 to 2010 are the ET identification and the post-ET duration, because of inconsistent objective ET criteria used in the centers. Further analysis indicates that annual ET percentage of CMA was lower than that of JMA, and exhibited an interannual decreasing trend, while that of JMA was an unchanged trend. The western North Pacific ET events occurred mainly during the period June to November. The latitude of ET occurrence shifted northward from February to August,followed by a southward shift. Most of ET events were observed between 35°N and 45°N. From a regional perspective,TCs tended to undergo ET in Japan and the ocean east to it. It is found that TCs which experienced the ET process at higher latitudes were generally more intense at the ET completion time. TCs completing the ET overland or offshore were weaker than those finishing the ET over the ocean. Most of the TCs weakened 24 h before the completion of ET.In contrast, 21%(27%) of the TCs showed an intensification process based on the CMA(JMA) dataset during the post-ET period. The results presented in this study indicate that consistent ET determination criteria are needed to reduce the uncertainty involved in ET identification among the centers. 相似文献
14.
Comparison of Three Tropical Cyclone Intensity Datasets 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Analyzed in this paper are the 16-yr (1988-2003) tropical cyclone (TC) intensity data from three major forecast centers of the western North Pacific, i.e., China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo (RSMC Tokyo), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States. Results show that there are significant discrepancies (at 1% significance level) in the intensity of TCs among the three centers, with a maximum difference for the same TC over 30 m s-1. The flight reconnaissance over TC can minish the discrepancy to some extent. A climatic and persistent prediction model is set up to study the impact of initial data from different forecast centers on the prediction of TC intensity. It is obtained that the root mean square error (RMSE) of a 4-yr independent test is the largest using data from JTWC, while the smallest using data from RSMC Tokyo. Average absolute deviation in 24-h intensity prediction is 2.5 m s-1 between CMA and RSMC Tokyo data, and 4.0 m s-1 between CMA and JTWC data, with a maximum deviation reaching 21 m s-1. Such a problem in the initial value increases the difficulty in intensity prediction of TCs over the western North Pacific. 相似文献
15.
This is a study to compare three selected tropical cyclone datasets separately compiled by CMA
Shanghai Typhoon Institute (CMA_SHI), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Japan
Meteorological Agency (JMA). The annual frequencies, observation times and destructive power index as
the characteristic quantities are investigated of the tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. The
comparative study has resulted in the following findings: 1) Statistical gaps between the datasets compared
are narrowing down as the intensity of tropical cyclones increases. 2) In the context of interdecadal
distribution, there is for the 1950s a relatively large gap between the datasets, as compared with a
narrowed gap for the period from the mid 1970s to the 1980s, and a recurring widened gap for the mid and
late 1990s. Additionally, an approach is proposed in the paper to correct the wind speed data in the TC
Yearbook. 相似文献
16.
秋季亚洲-太平洋涛动与中国近海热带气旋活动的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用联合台风警报中心的台风最佳路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了秋季(9—10月)亚洲-太平洋涛动(APO)强度的年际变化与东亚-太平洋大气环流的关系,探讨了APO与西北太平洋和中国近海热带气旋(TC)活动的关系。结果表明:秋季APO年际变化与同期西北太平洋和中国近海TC活动关系紧密,即当APO偏强(弱),西北太平洋TC活跃区明显偏西(东),中国近海TC偏多(少);APO可以通过影响中国近海对流层纬向风垂直切变、低层辐合和对流层中层引导气流等,从而影响西北太平洋和中国近海TC活动;当APO偏强(弱)时,东亚大槽偏弱(强),东亚冬季风偏弱(强),使得侵入中国近海和热带西北太平洋的冷空气活动偏弱(强),有(不)利于这些海域TC的生成和发展;此外,在APO偏强时,西太平洋副热带高压脊偏西,其南侧偏东气流加强,有利于TC在偏强的偏东气流引导下向西移动或者其转向点偏西;而在APO弱年,副热带高压脊偏弱和偏东,偏东引导气流减弱,不利于TC西行或有利于其转向点偏东。 相似文献
17.
Influences of Tropical Cyclones on China During 1965-2004 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center （JTWC） and China Meteorological Administration （CMA） tropical cyclone track datasets, variations in frequency and intensity of the affecting-China tropical cyclones （ACTCs） are studied for the period of 1965-2004. First, the differences between the two tropical cyclone datasets are examined. The annual frequencies of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific basin are reasonably consistent to each other, while the intensity records are less reliable. The annual numbers of ACTCs based on different datasets are close to each other with similar interdecadal and interannual variations. However, the maximum intensity and the annual frequency of ACTCs for strong categories show great dependence on datasets. Tropical cyclone impacts on China show the same variations as the annual number of ACTCs and also show dependence on datasets. Differences in tropical cyclone impacts on China are mainly caused by datasets used. The annual frequency of ACTCs, especially the length of lifetime of ones that make landfall, and the intensity estimates all have effects on the value of impacts on China. 相似文献