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1.
中国21世纪气候变化的情景模拟分析 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33
许吟隆 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(3):323-329
利用HadCM2和ECHAM4气候模式比较分析了温室气体排放综合效果相当于CO2浓度逐年递增1％情景下中国区域21世纪地面气温和降水量的变化趋势。结果表明：在温室气体渐进递增情景下，至21世纪末期，相对于1961-1990年的气候基准值，全国地面平均气温增幅可达5—6℃。与地面气温的变化相比，降水量的波动幅度较大，但全国范围内降水量变化的总趋势也是增加的。中国区域地面气温和降水量变化的地理分布显示：降水量的增加主要集中在南方区域，HadCM2预测21世纪末期降水增加可达0．9mm／d，ECHAM4预测可达0．6mm／d；ECHAM4模式模拟的气温增幅比HadCM2高，尤其是在冬季及中国北方和青藏高原地区，而HadCM2模式模拟的降水量的增加较大，但两个气候模式模拟的地面气温和降水量变化的总趋势大体一致。 相似文献
2.
利用国家气候中心发布的中国地区气候变化预估数据集中的全球气候模式加权平均集合数据,分析了未来温室气体中等排放情景下(SRESA1B),青海高原不同地区未来气候变化趋势,并分析了2020时段和2050时段青海高原不同地区的气候特点,分析结果表明:2001—2100年青海各地气温均呈明显的增加趋势,全省平均增温率为4.09℃/100年,年降水量呈增多趋势,全省平均变化率为62.63mm/100年。与气候基准年相比,2020年全省年平均气温升高1.44℃,全省平均降水距平百分率为4.18%;2050年全省平均升温幅度为2.63℃,全省平均降水距平百分率为8.75%。由于目前全球气候模式的分辨率还较低,气候模式在诸多方面还有待完善,因此所提供的未来情景数据存在一定的不确定性。 相似文献
3.
新疆地区21世纪气候变化分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
利用参与IPCC AR4的多个气候模式的模拟结果,分析了中国新疆地区21世纪气候变化情景.结果表明,在三种不同温室气体排放情景下,21世纪新疆地区升温明显、降水将进一步增加.到21世纪末(2091-2099年),新疆地区SRESA1B、SRESA2、SRESB1情景下年平均温度将分别增加4.2℃、5.0℃、2.7℃.SRESA1B、SRESA2情景下,在不同时期内,夏季、冬季温度上升幅度大于春季、秋季.在21世纪前半叶,新疆地区平均降水量增加幅度不明显,到21世纪末降水增加10%以上.整个21世纪,新疆地区在SRES情景下降水增加趋势分别为10%/100a、12%/100a、9%/100a.就各个季节的降水变化来看,模拟结果表明冬季降水增加幅度最大,春季次之;在同一时期内冬季降水增加幅度是其他季节的几倍.就区域来说,新疆中部地区21世纪降水增加幅度最大,但是温度增加幅度小于周围地区;北部地区温度、降水都将呈现明显的增加;新疆南部地区温度将明显升高.但是降水增加幅度不大.全球气候模式对较小区域尺度的模拟存在较大的不确定性,还需做深入的分析和研究. 相似文献
4.
“三江源”地区未来气候变化的模拟分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用ECMWF1979~1993年的再分析数据(ERA15)作为边界条件,驱动区域气候模式系统PRE-CIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies)模拟"三江源"地区的月均降水与台站实际观测资料进行的对比表明,PRECIS模拟的降水值偏大,但总体上能够模拟出降水的季节变化特征。气候基准时段(1961~1990年)的模拟结果与同期观测资料的对比分析表明,PRECIS能够模拟出"三江源"地区降水的季节分布特征和空间差异,但模拟值总体偏大。相对于气候基准时段,SRESA2、B2情景下2071~2100年(2080s时段)"三江源"地区增温明显,两种情景下年均升温分别可达4℃和2.8℃,降水略有增加;冬季升温幅度最大,分别可达4.4℃和3.2℃,降水增加的比例也最大;夏季"三江源"地区的升温达到4.2℃和3℃以上,但有些地区的降水呈减少趋势。夏季降水量的减少和气温的升高会加剧"三江源"地区气候变干的趋势,导致源区水源补给不足。应当采取切实可行的措施保护江河源区的自然生态系统,避免源区气候环境的进一步恶化。 相似文献
5.
不同温室气体排放情景下中国21世纪地面气温和降水变化的模拟分析 总被引：38，自引：2，他引：36
利用HadCM2模式的模拟结果,比较了温室气体排放综合效果相当于CO2浓度逐年递增1%和0.5%两种不同情景下,中国区域21世纪地面气温和降水量的变化趋势.结果表明,随着温室气体浓度的持续增加,中国地面气温也持续升高.到21世纪末期,地面气温在上述两种排放情景下可分别升高约5℃和3℃.两种排放情景的增温趋势对比表明:即使从1990年开始温室气体等效排放逐年递增率减少一半,增温仍然很明显;直到21世纪中期,才能显示出减少温室气体排放量对减缓增温趋势的效果.降水量的年际变化较大,但随着温室气体浓度的持续增加,降水量总的趋势也是增加的.减排温室气体对降水量变化趋势的影响与地面气温相似.此外,地面气温增量和降水量变化百分率均显示出明显的季节变化,地面气温增量在秋、冬季较大而在春、夏季较小,降水变化百分率在夏、秋季较小而在冬、春季较大. 相似文献
6.
利用英国Hadley中心QUMP模式(Quantifying Uncertainties in Model Projections)集合的5组敏感性试验产生的全球气候背景场驱动区域气候模拟系统PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies)产生的降尺度数据,分析PRECIS对中国地面气温变化的模拟能力,同时对SRES A1B温室气体排放情景下21世纪中期(2021~2050年)中国区域的温度做出预估。模拟能力分析结果显示:PRECIS在5组背景场驱动下都可以较好地模拟出气候基准时段(1961~1900年)中国区域气温的年变化和时空分布特征,但存在暖偏差,高敏感度模拟实验的暖偏差幅度要大于中低敏感度。预估结果显示:5组敏感性试验降尺度模拟的温度均呈增加趋势,其中最低温度的变暖幅度高于平均温度和最高温度。高敏感度试验Q10模拟的升温幅度介于低敏感度模拟和中敏感度模拟之间,其他敏感性试验表现出高敏感度模拟的升温幅度高于中敏感度模拟,而中敏感度模拟高于低敏感度模拟。从模拟的升温空间分布上看,西北地区升温幅度最显著,可达2.08~2.61°C,华南地区升温幅度相对较小,为1.33~1.84°C,但不同敏感度模拟的升温幅度具有一定的区域差异。 相似文献
7.
基于政府间气候变化委员会第四次评估报告(IPCC-AR4)所采用的20个气候模式在未来大气温室气体中等排放情景(A1B)下模拟结果的集合平均以及一个全球气候模式模拟输出驱动下的动力降尺度(downscaling)分析结果,对青藏高原地区未来30～50年的气候变化趋势进行了预估研究.结果表明,从2030-2049年相对于1980-1999年气候平均值的变化来看,青藏高原大部分地区年平均地面气温的升温幅度在1.4～2.2℃之间,高海拔地区的增温一般更为显著,西藏西部的冬季增暖将达到2.4℃以上.降水量的变化相对较小,青藏高原大部分地区和全年多数季节降水可能增加,但未来30～50年青藏高原地区降水率增量通常不超过5%.考虑到未来大气温室气体排放程度、多模式集合预估以及区域尺度气候模拟等多方面均可能存在不确定性,这里给出的青藏高原未来气候变化预估结果应适时检验和修正. 相似文献
8.
温室效应对我国东部地区气候影响的高分辨率数值试验 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
使用RegCM3区域气候模式,单向嵌套NASA/NCAR 的全球环流模式FvGCM的输出结果,对中国东部地区进行了在实际温室气体浓度下当代1961~1990年和在IPCC A2温室气体排放情景下21世纪末期2071~2100年各30年时间长度,水平分辨率为20 km的气候变化模拟试验。首先分析全球和区域模式对中国东部地区当代气候的模拟情况,结果表明全球模式对中国东部地区气温的总体分布型模拟较好,但存在冷偏差,区域模式在对这个冷偏差有所纠正的同时,提供了气温地理分布更详细的信息。全球模式模拟的年降水中心位于长江流域,与观测差别较大,区域模式对此同样也有改进,降水高值区主要位于区域南部,并表现出较强的地形强迫特征。区域模式的模拟结果还表明,至21世纪末期,在温室效应作用下,中国东部的气温将明显升高,年平均气温的升高值在2.7~4.0℃之间,其中北部升温大于南部,冬季升温大于夏季。冬季升温表现出明显的随纬度增加而增加的分布型。模拟区域内年平均降水将增加,增加值一般在10%以上,部分地区达到30%。降水增加在夏季较明显,区域内以普遍增加为主,冬季降水自山东半岛至湖南地区将减少,其他地区增加。此外,对夏季高温日数和冬季低温日数及年平均大雨日数的变化也进行了分析。 相似文献
9.
CMIP5模式对21世纪全球和中国年平均地表气温变化和2℃升温阈值的预估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于参加国际耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）的29个全球气候模式开展的历史气候模拟和3种典型浓度路径（RCP2.6、RCP4.5、 RCP8.5）下21世纪气候预估的结果,分析了单个模式和多模式集合平均（MME）的21世纪全球与中国年平均地表气温（ASAT）变化特征及2℃升温阈值的出现时间。多模式集合平均的结果显示：全球和中国年平均地表气温均将继续升高,21世纪末的升温幅度随着辐射强迫的增大而增大。RCP2.6情景下,年平均地表气温增幅先升高后降低,全球（中国）年平均地表气温在2056年（2049年）达到升温峰值,21世纪末升温1.74℃（2.12℃）;RCP4.5情景下,年平均地表气温在21世纪前半叶逐渐升高,之后升温趋势减缓,21世纪后期趋于平稳,21世纪末全球（中国）年平均地表气温增幅为2.60℃（3.39℃）;RCP8.5情景下,21世纪年平均地表气温快速升高,21世纪末全球（中国）年平均地表气温增幅为4.75℃（6.55℃）。全球平均的年平均地表气温增幅,在RCP2.6情景下没有超过2℃,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下分别在2047和2038年达到2℃。RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下中国年平均地表气温增幅连续5 a不低于2℃的时间分别在2032、2033和2027年,明显早于全球平均。任一典型浓度路径情景下,达到2℃升温的时间,北半球同纬度地区早于南半球,同半球高纬度地区早于低纬度地区,同纬度地区陆地早于海洋。3种不同典型浓度路径情景下21世纪全球和中国年平均地表气温将继续升高这一结果是可信的,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下全球和中国年平均地表气温增幅超过2℃的结果模式之间有较高的一致性。多模式预估的全球和中国年平均地表气温升幅和不同幅度升温的出现时间均存在一定的不确定性,预估结果的不确定性随预估时间的延长而增大;相同情景下,中国年平均地表气温预估的不确定性大于全球。 相似文献
10.
《贵州气象》2019,(6)
基于8个气候模式和多模式集合数据(21个气候模式简单集合)和观测数据,评估了其在气候基准期内对云南气温、降水的模拟能力,在评估基础上应用多模式集合数据,预估了未来不同排放情景下云南气温、降水的空间变化情况。结果表明:①多模式集合和部分模式能较好的模拟出基准期内气温、降水的年际变化趋势;在空间分布特征上,气候模式(包括多模式集合)对降水的模拟偏差较差,对气温的模拟相对较好;但在月平均气温和月降水的年内分布模拟上,多模式集合数据的模拟效果明显优于8个气候模式数据;②预估结果表明,在未来3种排放情景下云南地区降水呈西增东减的空间部分特征,纵向岭谷地区降水增加幅度为1%～3%,而气温在3种排放情景下则表现为一致的增加,降水和气温均在RCP8.5情景下增幅最大。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
14.
Connections between the Eurasian teleconnection and concurrent variation of upper-level jets over East Asia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The variation of the East Asian jet stream(EAJS) associated with the Eurasian(EU) teleconnection pattern is investigated using 60-yr NCEP–NCAR daily reanalysis data over the period 1951–2010. The EAJS consists of three components: the polar front jet(PFJ); the plateau subtropical jet(PSJ); and the ocean subtropical jet(OSJ). Of these three jets over East Asia,the EU pattern exhibits a significant influence on the PFJ and OSJ. There is a simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ. A significant positive correlation is found between the EU pattern and the OSJ when the EU pattern leads the OSJ by about 5 days. There is no obvious correlation between the EU pattern and the PSJ. The positive EU phase is accompanied by a weakened and poleward-shifted PFJ, which coincides with an intensified OSJ. A possible mechanism for the variation of the EAJS during different EU phases is explored via analyzing the effects of 10-day high-and low-frequency eddy forcing. The zonal wind tendency due to high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the simultaneous negative correlation between the EU pattern and the PFJ, as well as the northward/southward shift of the PFJ. High- and low-frequency eddy forcing are both responsible for the positive correlation between the EU pattern and the OSJ, but only high-frequency eddy forcing contributes to the lagged variation of the OSJ relative to the EU pattern. The negative correlation between the EU pattern and winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China is maintained only when the PFJ and OSJ are out of phase with each other. Thus, the EAJS plays an important role in transmitting the EU signal to winter temperature and precipitation anomalies in China. 相似文献
15.
<p>PARTITION OF SEASON BASED ON MULTIELEMENTS AND THE DECADAL CHANGE OF SEASON DURATION IN CHINA</p>
<p>Using the multielements similarity measurement method and 1950–C2017 NCEP/NCAR gridded daily reanalysis datasets, we analyzed season duration in China during 1950–C2016, and we defined the element with maximum absolute sensitivity as the key impact element at each point using the sensitivity analysis method. The decadal change of season duration and its key impact element before and after 1980 were studied. The results indicated obvious meridional and zonal differences in the distribution of season duration for the 67-year average, and that the key impact element has the same distribution characteristics as season duration. In addition, complementary relationships were found between the durations of spring and summer, autumn and winter, and the cold and warm seasons. Of those, the complementary relationship between the durations of spring and summer was strongest and the regions of complementarity were numerous. The complementary regions of autumn and winter durations were found mainly in western China. In the cold and warm seasons, the complementary regions were widespread and the complementary relationship was generally weak. Comparison of the periods before and after 1980 revealed an east–Cwest difference in the interdecadal variation of season duration. Interdecadal variation in spring and summer was found concentrated in northern and western regions, while that in autumn and winter was concentrated in the western region. Areas of significant interdecadal variation of the key elements were found concentrated in northern and western regions, corresponding well with the areas of significant interdecadal variation of season duration.</p> 相似文献
16.
By using the gauged rainfall in 160 stations within mainland China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the impacts of anomalous SST in Kuroshio and its extension on precipitation in Northeast China were investigated. The results show that a difference in the meridional circulation such as the East Asia/Pacific teleconnection pattern(EAP)may be responsible for the difference in rainfall between 1998 and 2010. In comparison with 1998, the anomalous meridional circulation pattern in 2010 shifted northeastward, and then the western subtropical high, the mid-latitudinal trough and the northeastern Asia blocking high also shifted northeastward, causing intensified convergence of the cold and warm air masses at the southern region and thus more rainfall in the southwestern region and less in the northwestern region. In 1998, the anomalous cyclone, one component of the meridional pattern, located at the Songhuajiang-Nengjiang River basin, resulted in more rainfall in the majority of the area. The results of observation and the model show that the difference in SSTA in Kuroshio and its extension under the background of different El Ni觡o events is the key point:(1) The anomalous warmth moved westward from the mid-Pacific to the east of the Philippine Sea during the central event, which led the heat resources shifting to the northeast in 2010; subsequently, a shift occurred to the north of the anomalous ascent and decent, followed by a warm SSTA in the region of Kuroshio's extension in 2010 and Kuroshio in 1998.(2) The warm SSTA in the Kuroshio extension causing the Rossby wave activity flux strengthened in 2010, and then the westerly jet shifted northward and extended eastward. A warm SSTA in Kuroshio and cold SSTA in its extension in 1998 caused the westerly jet to shift southward and weaken. As a result,the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone shifted northward in 2010, and the blocking high also shifted northward. 相似文献
17.
Understanding potential future influence of environmental, economic, and social drivers on land-use and sustainability is critical for guiding strategic decisions that can help nations adapt to change, anticipate opportunities, and cope with surprises. Using the Land-Use Trade-Offs (LUTO) model, we undertook a comprehensive, detailed, integrated, and quantitative scenario analysis of land-use and sustainability for Australia’s agricultural land from 2013–2050, under interacting global change and domestic policies, and considering key uncertainties. We assessed land use competition between multiple land-uses and assessed the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services at high spatial (1.1 km grid cells) and temporal (annual) resolution. We found substantial potential for land-use transition from agriculture to carbon plantings, environmental plantings, and biofuels cropping under certain scenarios, with impacts on the sustainability of economic returns and ecosystem services including food/fibre production, emissions abatement, water resource use, biodiversity services, and energy production. However, the type, magnitude, timing, and location of land-use responses and their impacts were highly dependent on scenario parameter assumptions including global outlook and emissions abatement effort, domestic land-use policy settings, land-use change adoption behaviour, productivity growth, and capacity constraints. With strong global abatement incentives complemented by biodiversity-focussed domestic land-use policy, land-use responses can substantially increase and diversify economic returns to land and produce a much wider range of ecosystem services such as emissions abatement, biodiversity, and energy, without major impacts on agricultural production. However, better governance is needed for managing potentially significant water resource impacts. The results have wide-ranging implications for land-use and sustainability policy and governance at global and domestic scales and can inform strategic thinking and decision-making about land-use and sustainability in Australia. A comprehensive and freely available 26 GB data pack (http://doi.org/10.4225/08/5604A2E8A00CC) provides a unique resource for further research. As similarly nuanced transformational change is also possible elsewhere, our template for comprehensive, integrated, quantitative, and high resolution scenario analysis can support other nations in strategic thinking and decision-making to prepare for an uncertain future. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in urban and suburban Tianjin,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tianjin is the third largest megacity and the fastest growth area in China, and consequently faces the problems of surface ozone and haze episodes. This study measures and characterizes volatile organic compounds(VOCs), which are ozone precursors, to identify their possible sources and evaluate their contribution to ozone formation in urban and suburban Tianjin,China during the Ha Chi(Haze in China) summer campaign in 2009. A total of 107 species of ambient VOCs were detected,and the average concentrations of VOCs at urban and suburban sites were 92 and 174 ppbv, respectively. Of those, 51 species of VOCs were extracted to analyze the possible VOC sources using positive matrix factorization. The identified sources of VOCs were significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contributed 60% to urban and 42% to suburban VOCs loadings in Tianjin. Industrial emission was the second most prominent source of ambient VOCs in both urban and suburban areas, although the contribution of industry in the suburban area(36%) was much higher than that at the urban area(16%). We conclude that controlling vehicle emissions should be a top priority for VOC reduction, and that fast industrialization and urbanization causes air pollution to be more complex due to the combined emission of VOCs from industry and daily life, especially in suburban areas. 相似文献