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1.
南海夏季风爆发与大气对流低频振荡的年际变化   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
根据1980~1991年云顶黑体温度(TBB)相位和强度的变化确定了南海夏季风爆发的时间,分析研究了夏季风爆发期间TBB场和850hPa风场的变化过程及其与海温的关系。结果表明:南海夏季风爆发平均时间是5月第4候,它爆发的时间和强度有显著的年际变化,并与大气的低频振荡及前期海洋的热力状况有密切关系。南海夏季风爆发早年(4月第6候),副热带高压较弱,撤离南海较快,从赤道东印度洋到赤道西太平洋,大气对流活动较强,夏季风爆发南海早于孟加拉湾,季风爆发时90~100°E区域过赤道气流显著加强。夏季风爆发晚年(6月第1候)情况相反。南海夏季风爆发早晚与大气30~60天振荡到达南海的位相有关,前冬和早春南海海温的高低和4月中旬至5月中南半岛强对流区的出现时间,是南海夏季风爆发年际变化的前期征兆。根据前冬南海海温预测1998年南海夏季风爆发的时间和强度与实际相符。  相似文献   

2.
南海夏季风北推时间及相关环流变化特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用1958—2004年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和我国730站降水资料分析了南海夏季风爆发后影响到华南地区的时间差异及其环流变化特征。结果表明:南海夏季风向北推进影响到华南地区的时间存在明显差异,最早的可以1 d就推进影响到华南地区,最晚的却要42 d,并且这种变化具有明显的年代际变化特征,即20世纪70年末以前,南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间总体上要偏早,而70年代末以后,南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间总体上要偏晚;当南海夏季风建立后,若东亚大槽较深,冷空气活动较活跃,索马里越赤道气流形成的西南风、110°~120°E地区越赤道气流形成的偏南风以及副热带高压西侧边缘的偏南风均偏弱,南亚高压和东亚地区急流位置偏南,就会使得南海夏季风影响到华南地区的时间偏晚,反之,则偏早;南海夏季风推进影响到华南地区的时间偏晚(早)年期间,索马里、105°E和130°E越赤道气流输送的水汽通量和西太平洋副热带高压南部的东南气流水汽输送均较弱(强),华南地区前汛期的锋面降水较强(弱)。  相似文献   

3.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了夏季索马里急流和105°E越赤道气流变化的异同及它们与亚洲夏季风的关系.结果表明:两者强度的年际变化、年代际变化、突变时间及周期都明显不同;两者的年际变化在某些年代显示出很强的负相关关系;索马里急流与亚洲夏季风的南亚夏季风、东亚副热带夏季风和南海夏季风有很好的相关关系,而105°E越赤道气流仅与南海夏季风关系密切;两支越赤道气流对亚洲夏季风系统各成员的影响存在明显差异.  相似文献   

4.
东亚地区夏季风爆发过程   总被引:72,自引:5,他引:67  
利用中国194站1961~1995年日降水资料及NCEP1979~1997年候格点降水资料,探讨了亚洲地区自春到夏的雨季开始分布。结果表明,东亚地区自春到夏存在副热带季风雨季开始和热带季风雨季开始。前者于4月初开始于华南北部和江南地区,随后向南和向西南扩展,于4月末扩展到华南沿海和中南半岛,这个雨带主要是冷空气和副热带高压西侧转向的SW风以及南亚地区冬春副热带南支西风槽中西风汇合而形成的,是副热带季风雨季开始。后者是南海热带季风爆发后使原来由江南移到华南沿岸的副热带季风雨带随副热带高压北进而北进,前汛期雨季进入盛期,江南出现第二次雨峰,形成梅雨期和江淮及华北雨季。同时,热带季风雨带也自东向西传播到达南亚地区而形成热带季风雨季。还讨论了1998年东亚地区夏季风爆发过程,指出南海夏季风爆发期的季风由副高北侧形成的新生气旋进入南海造成南海中部西风和南海越赤道气流转向的SW季风加强汇合而形成,因而是东亚季风系统中环流系统季节变化造成的,和印度季风无关。在南海季风爆发期阿拉伯海仍由副热带反气旋控制,南亚仍是上述副热带反气旋北侧NW风南下后转向的偏西副热带气流所控制,索马里低空急流仍未爆发,赤道西风并未影响南海。  相似文献   

5.
台风内部的中尺度波动与多边形眼墙的形成   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
用小波变换分析了1948~2003年南海夏季风强度指数序列振荡特征,并研究了Lanczos滤波器滤出的不同时间尺度上南海夏季风强度与SODA资料提供的海洋热力条件的关系。结果表明,南海夏季风强度变化存在准4年的年际变化、约9年周期的十年际变化和38年左右周期的年代际变化。年际变化最强,年代际变化最弱。不同尺度上的南海夏季风强度变化与海洋热力条件的显著相关区有很大的地域差异。南海夏季风强度的年际变化主要与近赤道地区的热带海洋变化有关,相关关系呈准2年变化。若前一年秋冬季节的赤道东印度洋、赤道西太平洋出现海温和温跃层深度正异常和赤道西印度洋、赤道中东太平洋出现海温和温跃层深度负异常时,对应于当年的年际尺度上的南海夏季风加强;反之则减弱。南海夏季风强度与后期海温的对应关系为:南海夏季风加强,秋季时,南海周边海区和澳大利亚东部海区海温显著负相关;冬季时,热带西印度洋、赤道中东太平洋和赤道大西洋海温出现显著的正相关。南海夏季风强度的年代变化受PDO的调制。年代际尺度上南海夏季风强度的变化即与全球变暖有关,也与PDO有关。  相似文献   

6.
周浩  温之平  蓝光东 《大气科学》2007,31(5):950-962
利用ECMWF和NCEP(1958~1999年)的再分析资料,研究南海夏季风与前期气象要素的关系,结果表明:南海夏季风建立日期与当年2月份赤道印度洋地区的纬向风存在高层(200~100 hPa)为正、低层(1000~700 hPa)为负的显著相关分布,类似于偶极子的分布特征;而在赤道中太平洋地区(160°E~160°W)则存在高层为负、低层为正的另一个显著相关“偶极子”。分析这种相关特征的持续性,发现上述形势从2月份到5月份一直存在,且赤道印度洋地区高低层相反的相关分布从3月份开始逐渐东移,到5月份维持在印度洋东部至南海一带。从5月份的相关系数分布图可发现,南海地区低层为负相关,高层为正相关,说明低层西风异常、高层东风异常的赤道纬向风分布有利于南海夏季风早爆发。针对南海夏季风建立日期与赤道地区(10°S~10°N平均)纬向风的“偶极子”型相关分布特征,定义了一个用于诊断南海夏季风爆发迟早的前期因子。该因子与大部分学者定义的南海夏季风建立日期存在着显著的相关,说明该因子对南海夏季风爆发迟早有一定的反映能力和预测作用。根据Gill(1980年)理论分析发现,上述2月份赤道地区纬向风异常是同期赤道印度洋-大陆桥地区异常强对流活动造成热带赤道大气环流显著异常变化的结果。  相似文献   

7.
华南前汛期不同降水时段的特征分析   总被引:41,自引:5,他引:41  
利用1957-2001年华南地区74个测站逐日降水资料和同期NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析格点资料,对华南前汛期(4-6月)不同降水时段的特征进行了比较。分析发现,华南前汛期降水由锋面降水和夏季风降水两个时段组成。锋面降水时段主要集中在4月,为典型的由冬到夏过渡的环流形势,华南地区高空为平直的副热带西风急流,大气层结稳定,水汽来源主要是阿拉伯海的西风输送和西太平洋副高南侧东风的转向输送;南海夏季风爆发前,副高仍控制南海地区,华南地区水汽输送主要来源于阿拉伯海的西风输送和西太平洋副高南侧东风的转向输送及孟加拉湾的西南输送;南海夏季风爆发后,副高东撤退出南海地区,南半球越赤道水汽输送加强并与孟加拉湾水汽输送连通,华南区域内对流发展;夏季风降水时段盛期主要集中在6月,此时南亚高压跃上高原,华南地区处于南亚高压东部,对流发展极其旺盛,强大的南半球越赤道水汽输送越过孟加拉湾和南海地区向华南地区输送。  相似文献   

8.
索马里跨赤道气流对南海夏季风爆发的重要作用   总被引:33,自引:8,他引:25  
李崇银  吴静波 《大气科学》2002,26(2):185-192
通过分析NCEP/NCAR多年再分析资料,清楚地揭露了南海夏季风爆发与索马里跨赤道南风气流建立之间的重要关系.对应南海夏季风爆发,总是已先期在赤道印度洋地区有西风加强和索马里跨赤道南风气流的建立;而且,若南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚),赤道印度洋地区西风的加强和索马里跨赤道南风气流的建立也偏早(晚).可以认为,索马里跨赤道南风气流的稳定建立是南海夏季风爆发的重要物理机制之一,它的建立导致赤道印度洋地区西风的持续加强和向东扩展,并最终在南海地区形成西南气流.  相似文献   

9.
全球海气相互作用关键区及区内气候特征分析   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:8  
采用合成分析方法研究了南海夏季风的爆发过程及其前期征兆。研究结果表明,在南海夏季风爆发之前,对流首先在中南半岛出现,随后在临近南海夏季风爆发时,菲律宾附近也出现对流活动,这表明菲律宾附近对流活动的出现也是引起南海夏季风爆发的原因之一。在南海夏季风爆发之前,赤道印度洋上(75~95°E)的赤道西风有一次明显的增强过程,它对南海夏季风的爆发也起了十分重要的作用,因为一方面它通过赤道西风的东扩促使南海南部的赤道西风建立和增强;另一方面,它又通过西风的北抬以及激发孟加拉湾的对流扰动发展和北移东传,诱使我国华南沿海西风的增强和南压,从而对南海夏季风爆发产生影响。进一步的研究还表明,印度洋赤道西风和南海南部赤道西风的增强又分别与南半球马斯克林高压、澳大利亚高压的增强以及索马里、85°E附近和105 °E附近向北越赤道气流的增强有关。  相似文献   

10.
南海夏季风建立、活跃和中断期的特征   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
根据欧洲中心(ECMWF)1979~1993年15年风资料和GMS 卫星观测的黑体辐射云顶温度TBB资料,取南海地区伴有强对流的西风/偏西南风建立作为南海夏季风爆发的标志,对南海夏季风爆发的特征和夏季风活动过程进行了分析.表明南海夏季风爆发平均日期在5月16日左右,但年际变化显著,最晚是6月上旬.有些年份在4月下旬会出现短暂的伴有强对流的西南风,而在6月初出现第二次强西南风爆发,第二次爆发才是真正的夏季风爆发.南海夏季风爆发前,在北纬1 5°N以北的南海地区往往会先出现强西南风,这是由于北方冷空气南下引起冷锋前两风加强,或者由于南海副热带高压的加强或北移引起的西风加强,不能称作真正的南海夏季风爆发.季风爆发以后,南海季风活动有显著的活跃和中断变化,在季风爆发至8月20日期间,平均中断1~2次/a,中断时间约1 5 d/a.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Interannual variations of the summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea (SCS) have been studied using data from over seventeen years (1979–1995) of NMC global analysis and of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) observed with NOAA polar-orbitting satellites. It was found that the summer monsoon onset in the SCS occurs abruptly with a sudden change of zonal wind direction from easterly to westerly and an exploding development of deep convection in the whole SCS region in the middle of May. Based on the criteria defined in this paper for the SCS summer monsoon onset, the average onset date over the SCS from 1979 to 1995 is around the fourth pentad of May. The airflow and general circulation over the SCS changes dramatically after the onset. The ridge of the subtropical high in the western Pacific in the lower troposphere weakens and retreats eastward from the SCS region with an establishment of westerly winds over the whole region. During the SCS monsoon onset, the most direct impact in the vicinity of the SCS are the equatorial westerlies in the Bay of Bengal through their eastward extension and northward movement. An indirect influence on the SCS onset is also caused by the enhancement of the Somali cross-equatorial flow and the vanishing Arabian High over the sea; the latter may be a signal for the SCS onset. There are quite significant interannual variations in the SCS onset. In the years of a delayed onset, the most profound feature is that the easterly winds stay longer in the SCS than on average. Deep convection activities are suppressed. The direct cause is the abnormal existence of the western Pacific subtropical high over the SCS region. Moreover, compared to the average, the equatorial westerlies in the Bay of Bengal are also weaker in the years of a delayed onset. No significant changes for the cross-equatorial flow at 105 °E are observed for these years. It has also been found that the interannual variations of the SCS onset are closely related with the ENSO events. In the years of a delay, the Walker circulation is weaker, and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the western Pacific are negative. Received April 14, 1997 Revised July 11, 1997  相似文献   

12.
赤道涡旋与南海夏季风爆发   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
谢安  刘霞  YeQian 《气象学报》1997,55(5):611-619
文中应用1979-1995年共17a的850hPa风场资料和NOAA卫星的OLR资料,分析了南海夏季风爆发的特征。证实南海夏季风爆发,落后于同纬度的中南半岛和菲律宾岛屿地区。但在南海的东部和西部,季风爆发几乎是同时的,具有某种驻波的特征。文中还证实,大多数年份的4,5月间在105°E附近有赤道涡旋形成,这个涡旋引导它上游的赤道西风或南半球西风进入南海南部,为南海的季风爆发创造有利条件。这种涡旋不活跃的年份,季风爆发往往偏晚。它们之间可能存在某种联系。4月中旬,这个涡旋的形成和105°E越赤道气流的初步建立是同时的。进入5月份,这支越赤道气流逐渐加强。南海夏季风的活动与这支气流可能关系密切。如果称位于105°E附近的赤道涡旋为东亚的爆发涡旋,它显然与南亚季风的情况有较大差别。南亚的爆发涡旋与季风爆发的关系是直接的,而在东亚,则是间接的,这也说明了东亚季风比南亚季风更具有复杂性。  相似文献   

13.
于乐江  胡敦欣  冯俊乔 《大气科学》2011,35(6):1091-1104
利用1951~1998年多种大气和海洋资料,研究了太平洋和印度洋在南海夏季风爆发中的作用.结果表明,影响南海夏季风爆发早晚的因素存在着年代际变化:1951~1970年,印度洋起主要作用;1970~1998年西太平洋起主要作用.该年代际变化主要是1970年前后北极涛动(AO)的跃变以及西太平洋副高强度变化的结果.1951...  相似文献   

14.
The temporal and spatial variations of the ten-day mean surface latent heat flux (TMLH) have been analyzed in this paper based on the data of NCEP from January of 1979 to December of 1995 in the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon region.It is found that there exist maximum centers of TMLH standard deviation in the northwest Indochina and the Indian Peninsula as well as the western Pacific,SCS,the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal,and their locations and strengths change significantly during the period of SCS monsoon onset.A positive zonal deviation of TMLH occurs first in the Indochina Peninsula,apparently earlier than that in the Indian Peninsula.The appearance of maximum positive zonal deviations of TMLH approximately coincides with the summer monsoon onset.Over the Indochina and Indian Peninsulas,the TMLH increases gradually with a small amplitude of variation before the onset of summer monsoon,and the rate of increase is significantly enhanced after the onset of the monsoon; whereas over the ocean,TMLH decreases before the monsoon onset,varies little during the period of monsoon and increases gradually after the ending of monsoon.Therefore,it seems that the surface latent heat flux plays an important role in the maintenance of the summer monsoon,and its variation is an phenomenon accompanying the onset of summer monsoon.  相似文献   

15.
Based on the method of composite analysis, the onset process and preceding signs of summer monsoon over the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated. The result indicates that convection activities appear first over the Indo-China Peninsula prior to the onset of the monsoon, then around the Philippines just at the point of onset, implying that the convection activities around the Philippines serve as one of the reasons leading to the SCS monsoon onset. Before the SCS monsoon onset, the equatorial westerly over the Indian Ocean (75°E 95°E ) experiences noticeable enhancement and plays an important role on the SCS monsoon onset. It propagates eastward rapidly and causes the establishment and strengthening of equatorial westerly in the southern SCS, on the one hand, it results in the migration southward of the westerly on south side of the south-China stationary front by means of shift northeastward of the westerly and convection over the Bay of Bengal, on the other. Further study also shows that the intensification of equatorial westerly in the Indian Ocean (75°E 95°E) and the southern SCS is closely related to the reinforcement of the Southern-Hemisphere Mascarene high and Australian high, and cross-equatorial flow northward around Somali, at 85°E and 105°E, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
The temporal and spatial variations of the ten-day mean surface latent heat flux (TMLH) havebeen analyzed in this paper based on the data of NCEP from January of 1979 to December of 1995in the South China Sea (SCS) monsoon region. It is found that there exist maximum centers ofTMLH standard deviation in the northwest Indochina and the Indian Peninsula as well as thewestern Pacific, SCS, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, and their locations and strengthschange significantly during the period of SCS monsoon onset. A positive zonal deviation of TMLHoccurs first in the Indochina Peninsula, apparently earlier than that in the Indian Peninsula. Theappearance of maximum positive zonal deviations of TMLH approximately coincides with thesummer monsoon onset. Over the Indochina and Indian Peninsulas, the TMLH increases graduallywith a small amplitude of variation before the onset of summer monsoon, and the rate of increase issignificantly enhanced after the onset of the monsoon; whereas over the ocean, TMLH decreasesbefore the monsoon onset, varies little during the period of monsoon and increases gradually afterthe ending of monsoon. Therefore, it seems that the surface latent heat flux plays an importantrole in the maintenance of the summer monsoon, and its variation is an phenomenon accompanyingthe onset of summer monsoon.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of vortexes symmetric about the equator is an important feature prior to the SCS summer monsoon onset.A composite analysis shows that the life cycle of the pair of vortexes is closely associated with the SCS summer monsoon onset.The westerly between the twin cyclones is an important factor to the SCS summer monsoon onset process.  相似文献   

18.
The onset of the Asian summer monsoon has been a focus in the monsoon study for many years. In this paper, we study the variability and predictability of the Asian summer monsoon onset and demonstrate that this onset is associated with specific atmospheric circulation characteristics. The outbreak of the Asian summer monsoon is found to occur first over the southwestern part of the South China Sea (SCS) and the Malay Peninsula region, and the monsoon onset is closely related to intra-seasonal oscillations in the lower atmosphere. These intra-seasonal oscillations consist of two low-frequency vortex pairs, one located to the east of the Philippines and the other over the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Prior to the Asian summer monsoon onset, a strong low-frequency westerly emerges over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the low-frequency vortex pair develops symmetrically along the equator. The formation and evolution of these low-frequency vortices are important and serve as a good indicator for the Asian summer monsoon onset. The relationship between the northward jumps of the westerly jet over East Asia and the Asian summer monsoon onset over SCS is investigated. It is shown that the northward jump of the westerly jet occurs twice during the transition from winter to summer and these jumps are closely related to the summer monsoon development. The first northward jump (from 25–28N to around 30N) occurs on 8 May on average, about 7 days ahead of the summer monsoon onset over the SCS. It is found that the reverse of meridional temperature gradient in the upper-middle troposphere (500–200 hPa) and the enhancement and northward movement of the subtropical jet in the Southern Hemispheric subtropics are responsible for the first northward jump of the westerly jet.  相似文献   

19.
使用1998年南海季风试验期问高质量资料和NCEP/NCAR40年再分析资料分析了南海季风建立前后的大尺度环流特征和要素的突变及爆发过程。发现南亚高压迅速从菲律宾以东移到中南半岛北部,孟加拉湾槽加深加强,赤道印度洋西风加强并向东向北迅速扩展和传播,以及伴随的中低纬相互作用和西太平洋副高连续东撤是南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征。与此同时,亚洲低纬地区的南北温差和纬向风切变也发生相应的突变。数值试验结果表明,印度半岛地形的陆面加热作用在其东侧激发的气旋性环流对于孟加拉湾槽的加强有重要作用,并进而有利于南海夏季风先于印度夏季风爆发。  相似文献   

20.
关于南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征及其机制的讨论   总被引:28,自引:3,他引:25  
使用1998年南海季风试验期间高质量资料和NCEP/NCAR40年再分析资料分析了南海季风建立前后的大尺度环流特征和要素的突变及爆发过程。发现南亚高压迅速地从菲律宾以东移到中南半岛北部,印缅槽加强,赤道印度洋西风加强并向东向北迅速扩展和传播,以及相伴随的中低纬相互作用和西太平洋副高连续东撤是南海夏季风建立的大尺度特征,与此同时,亚洲低纬地区的南北温差和纬向风切变也发生相应的突变。数值实验结果指出,印度半岛地形的陆面加热作用在其东侧激发的气旋性环流对于印缅槽的加强有重要作用,并进而有利于南海夏季风先于印度夏季风爆发。  相似文献   

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