共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
利用新疆巴楚气象站1983—2012年逐日气象资料及冬小麦生育期资料,采用线性回归、Pearson相关系数方法,分析了巴楚县气候要素和冬小麦生育期的变化特征,以及气候变化对生育期的影响。结果表明:(1)近30 a巴楚县冬小麦生育期内气候变暖趋势明显,月平均气温、月最高气温和月最低气温整体呈上升趋势,日照时数减少,降水量增多。(2)冬小麦播种、抽穗和成熟期提前,越冬开始和返青期延后,全生育期呈缩短趋势。冬前冬小麦生育天数增加,越冬开始—返青期、返青—抽穗期长度缩短,抽穗—成熟期延长。(3)1—2月气温降低是巴楚冬小麦返青期延后的主要原因,而抽穗和成熟期提前则主要受3—4月、4—6月的气温升高影响。 相似文献
2.
近30年华北平原冬小麦有效积温的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气候变化和以品种变化为代表的技术进步是影响作物有效积温的主要因子。受此影响,近30年来我国农作物的实测有效积温发生了显著变化。利用1981-2012年华北平原65个农业气象观测站冬小麦发育期观测数据与同期气象资料,分析了在气候变化和技术进步背景下冬小麦主要发育阶段所需3℃以上有效积温的区域分布特征,及其随年份和发育阶段内平均温度的变化特点。结果表明:1)有效积温在播种-越冬开始阶段大体上自西向东增加,返青抽穗从北向南递减,抽穗-成熟规律不明显。全生育期(播种-成熟)大致从北向南递减。2)有效积温在播种越冬开始阶段变异系数最大,在全生育期最小,且具有各自的区域分布特点。3)平原东北部有效积温随时间的趋势在播种越冬开始、返青-抽穗阶段为负值,在河南南部的返青-抽穗阶段也为负值;其他区域的趋势值基本上均为正值,平原中西部正值最大。4)有效积温与发育阶段内平均气温的关系,除个别站点在抽穗成熟期存在负相关外,其他发育阶段均为正相关,且大部分站点通过显著性检验。5)营养生长阶段(播种-越冬开始、返青-抽穗)内平均气温对有效积温的解释率高于年份的,而生殖生长阶段则相反,表明气温变化对营养生长的影响可能高于技术进步的影响,而在生殖生长阶段技术进步的影响可能高于气温变化的影响。 相似文献
3.
利用卫星遥感归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据和站点气象数据,从农作物生长发育过程的角度,分析了1981~2008年华北平原农田在12个生长发育期(冬小麦8个、夏玉米4个)对降水和温度不同的响应特征。研究区农田植被指数对降水响应的滞后性强于对温度的滞后性,其中对降水最为敏感的是前1和前2个生长发育期,对温度最为敏感的是同期和前1个生长发育期。不同种类作物在不同时期对气候因子响应不同:冬小麦发育中后期、夏玉米发育中期,绝大多数站点植被指数与降水呈正相关;冬小麦生长发育前中期植被指数与温度呈显著甚至极显著正相关。冬小麦出苗期温度、返青期温度和返青期降水分别与不同时期植被指数显著相关,出苗期和返青期为研究区农田长势对气候因子响应的敏感期。 相似文献
4.
基于河南省19812016年18个农业气象观测站的冬小麦观测资料及气象资料,采用一元线性回归法、偏相关分析法和多元线性回归模拟等,分析河南省冬小麦生长发育和产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明：河南省冬小麦出苗返青期和开花成熟期延长,返青开花期缩短,全生育期缩短。全生育期内最高气温和最低气温呈升高趋势,降水量变化不明显,太阳辐射呈减少趋势,不同生长阶段内各气象要素变化趋势不一致。最高气温与小麦气象产量为负相关关系,最低气温、太阳辐射与小麦气象产量为正相关关系,降水量与不同区域的小麦气象产量相关关系不同。小麦相对气象产量与各气象要素敏感性分析结果表明：不同生长阶段小麦相对气象产量对各气象要素变化的敏感性不同;小麦生长时期内最高气温升高1 ℃,相对气象产量减少约16.00%;最低气温升高1 ℃,相对气象产量增加约17.00%;降水量减少10.00%,相对气象产量增加约0.35%;太阳辐射减少10.00%,相对气象产量减少约1.70%。 相似文献
5.
运用统计学原理和分析计算方法，系统分析了冬小麦主要发育阶段气象因子对冬小麦穗粒数影响的规律。分蘖-拔节期受相对湿度影响较大，拔节-乳熟期主要受降水的影响，返青-抽穗期受日照时数的影响较大。 相似文献
6.
利用河南省24个地面气象站1961-2009年逐日降水和气温资料计算SPEI(标准化降水蒸散指数),并按照SPEI的标准界值将干旱强度划分为轻度干旱、中度干旱和极端干旱.根据河南省冬小麦的生长特点将小麦生育期划分为生育前期、分蘖期和返青-抽穗-成熟期.采用Meteoinfo软件、Morlet小波分析方法、线性回归研究不同生育期干旱变化趋势、覆盖范围、发生频率、周期及空间分布,结果表明,冬小麦各个生育阶段均出现过不同程度的干旱,只是不同地区、不同年份发生的频率和强度不同,但各阶段均存在着轻度干旱发生的概率最大,而极端干旱发生的概率最小的特点.驻马店地区在各阶段发生干旱的概率都较大.对河南省冬小麦全生育期的SPEI分析表明,全生育期干旱出现概率的极值中心有显著的10 a左右的周期变化特征,近年来干旱指数呈逐渐增大的趋势. 相似文献
7.
本文利用甘肃省西峰市农业气象试验站非灌溉地冬小麦田间土壤水分资料、气候资料,分析了不同年型农田土壤水分的时空变化特征,从土壤水分平衡方程出发,讨论了冬小麦返青至成熟期间降水量、作物耗水量、渗漏量和土壤储水量变化各平衡分量的动态变化及其相互关系。对冬小麦产量与不同作物发育期的作物耗水量之间进行相关普查,结果表明影响小麦产量最显著的时段是拔节～孕穗期。分别运用物理统计和经验统计方法建立了冬小麦产量与作物耗水量的关系模型,认为后者模拟效果较好。 相似文献
8.
通过对1985—2005年玛曲草地垂穗披碱草 (Elymus nutans) 物候变化及其影响因子分析,发现玛曲草地垂穗披碱草返青期略有推迟的趋势,推迟趋势为1.6 d/10 a,而抽穗、开花、种子成熟、黄枯等物候期均呈提前趋势,特别是抽穗、开花、种子成熟期明显提前,提前趋势分别为4.9 d/10 a,8.0 d/10 a,13.9 d/10 a。影响玛曲草地垂穗披碱草返青期推迟的主要因子是秋季降水量减少,夏季气温升高是导致玛曲草地垂穗披碱草抽穗、开花、种子成熟期提前的主要原因,秋季暖干化趋势是导致黄枯期提前的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
气候变化背景下河南省冬小麦品种更新特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用河南省30个农业气象站1981-2010年共196个冬小麦品种的观测数据和同期气象数据,采用相关分析和回归分析方法,研究了气候变化背景下冬小麦生育期长度、积温需求和产量构成要素等品种更新特征。结果表明：30年来,河南省冬小麦生长季平均气温升高明显,营养生长期增温速率高于生殖生长期,降水量变化趋势不明显。不同区域品种更新的主要特征是出苗-抽穗天数减少（2.8~5.9 d/10a）、抽穗-成熟天数增加（1.3~2.5 d/10a）;完成各生育阶段所需积温（>0℃积温）总体呈增加趋势,其中抽穗-成熟期尤为明显（26~50℃?d/10a）。有效穗和穗粒数与营养生长期长度或同期积温无显著相关,千粒重随生殖生长期延长而显著增加。豫南地区生育期天数比（抽穗至成熟天数/出苗至成熟天数）和同期积温比（抽穗至成熟积温/出苗至成熟积温）随时间增加,积温比对产量变化的解释性高于天数比;豫中和豫北地区生育期天数比随时间增加,但积温比无明显的时间变化趋势,单产提高与生育期天数比增加有关。气候变化背景下河南省冬小麦品种更新特征是营养生长期缩短、生殖生长期延长、千粒重增加,从而提高了产量。 相似文献
10.
小麦和水稻是世界最重要的粮食作物。利用河南省小麦和水稻的历史观测资料,结合DSSAT-CERES 小麦和ORYZA2000水稻模拟模型,分析和模拟河南省稻麦类作物在历史气候变化条件下发育期和产量的变化。结果表明：冬小麦全育期长度呈缩短趋势,但播种-越冬天数平均每10年增加1.7天,开花到乳熟天数平均每10年增加2-4天,返青后各发育期均表现出不同程度的提前;水稻各发育期均有不同程度的提前,尤其是拔节期以前,分蘖前的发育期间隔天数以缩短为主,拔节后以延长为主。雨养小麦模拟产量和水氮增产潜力均呈减少趋势;随着播种期的提前,水稻减产趋势逐渐减弱。 相似文献
11.
Dingrong Wu Chunyi Wang Fang Wang Chaoyang Jiang Zhiguo Huo Peijuan Wang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2018,32(4):636-647
The phenology model is one of the major tools in evaluating the impact of cultivar improvement on crop phenology. Understanding uncertainty in simulating the impact is an important prerequisite for reliably interpreting the effect of cultivar improvement and climate change on phenology. However, uncertainty induced by different temperature response functions and parameterization methods have not been properly addressed. Based on winter wheat phenology observations during 1986–2012 in 47 agro-meteorology observation stations in the North China Plain (NCP), the uncertainty of the simulated impacts caused by four widely applied temperature response functions and two parameterization methods were investigated. The functions were firstly calibrated using observed phenology data during 1986–1988 from each station by means of two parameterization methods, and were then used to quantify the impact of cultivar improvement on wheat phenology during 1986–2012. The results showed that all functions and all parameterization methods could reach acceptable precision (RMSE < 3 days for all functions and parameterization methods), however, substantial differences exist in the simulated impacts between different functions and parameterization methods. For vegetative growth period, the simulated impact is 0.20 day (10 yr)–1 [95% confidence interval:–2.81–3.22 day (10 yr)–1] across the NCP, while for reproductive period, the value is 1.50 day (10 yr)–1 [–1.03–4.02 day (10 yr)–1]. Further analysis showed that uncertainty can be induced by both different functions and parameterization methods, while the former has greater influence than the latter. During vegetative period, there is a significant positive linear relationship between ranges of simulated impact and growth period average temperature, while during reproductive period, the relationship is polynomial. This highlights the large inconsistency that exists in most impact quantifying functions and the urgent need to carry out field experiment to provide realistic impacts for all functions. Before applying a simulated effect, we suggest that the function should be calibrated over a wide temperature range. 相似文献
12.
Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980 s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China(NC).The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day(10 yr)~(-1). Moreover, while the vegetative growth period(VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period(RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period(WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator(APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC.Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat.Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages(i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures(cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity. 相似文献
13.
Combined impact of climate change,cultivar shift,and sowing date on spring wheat phenology in Northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China (NC). The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day (10 yr)?1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period (VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period (RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period (WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages (i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures (cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity. 相似文献
14.
Phenological changes in crops affect efficient agricultural production and can be used as important biological indicators of local and regional climate change. Although crop phenological changes and their responses to climate change, especially temperature, have been investigated, the impact of agronomic practice such as cultivar shifts and planted date changes on crop phenology remains unclear. Here, we used a long-term dataset (1981–2010) of wheat phenology and associated local weather data from 48 agro-meteorological stations in four temperature zones in China to analyze phenological changes of spring and winter wheat. Trend analysis method was used to estimate changes in the date of growth stages and the duration of growth phases, while sensitivity analysis method was used to qualify the response of growth phase duration to mean temperature (Tmean), total precipitation (PRE), and total sunshine duration (SSD). Using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-wheat model, we isolated the impacts of climate change, cultivar selection, and sowing date on phenological change of wheat. Results show that phenological changes were greatest in the warm-temperate zone. Sensitivity analysis indicates that growth phase duration was generally negatively related to Tmean and positively related to PRE and SSD. The positive sensitivity response to Tmean occurred in the tillering to jointing and sowing to maturity growth periods in the warmer temperature zones, suggesting that warmer temperatures during the overwintering period hampered effective vernalization in winter wheat. Modeling results further indicate that reductions in wheat growth duration caused by climate change could be offset by the introduction of new cultivars with high thermal requirements and accelerated with delayed sowing date. 相似文献
15.
小麦和水稻是世界最重要的粮食作物。利用河南省小麦和水稻的历史观测资料,结合DSSAT-CERES小麦和ORYZA2000水稻模拟模型,分析和模拟河南省稻麦类作物在历史气候变化条件下生育期和产量的变化。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期长度呈缩短趋势,但播种-越冬天数平均每10 a增加1.7 d,开花到乳熟天数平均每10 a增加2-4 d,返青后各生育期均表现出不同程度的提前;水稻各生育期均有不同程度的提前,尤其是拔节期以前,分蘖前的生育期间隔天数以缩短为主,拔节后以延长为主。雨养小麦模拟产量和水氮增产潜力均呈减少趋势;随着播种期的提前,水稻减产趋势逐渐减弱。 相似文献
16.
在前人理论研究和田间试验的基础上,考虑水分胁迫影响的后效性及作物不同发育阶段对水分胁迫的敏感性,研制出实际水分条件下的冬小麦生长模拟模式。经与不同水分处理的实测资料对比,模拟效果基本令人满意,平均误差为10%左右。利用生长模式得到实际水分条件下的干物重减少率,进行了干旱影响实时评估的尝试。并分别在返青后、拔节后和成熟前展望了干旱对最终生物量的可能影响。 相似文献
17.
干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了春小麦耗水量与产量的关系及其耗水规律，分析了土壤湿度、耗水量对春小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明：拔节至抽穗是春小麦的水分临界期，抽穗至成熟期耗水量最多，耗水模系数最大；产量与耗水量呈二次曲线关系，适宜土壤水分下限为：出苗至拔节期为田间持水量的70％-75％，拔节至抽穗期为60％-65％、抽穗至灌浆初期为55％-60％．灌浆初期至成熟期为50％-55％，本文还对春小麦覆盖地膜的节水增产原因及效果进行了探讨，提出了黑河流域春小麦节水增产的技术措施及进一步研究的意见。 相似文献
18.
基于1980—2015年6—8月CWRF模式（Climate-Weather Research and Forecasting model）14种方案的模拟结果和全国逐日降水观测资料,对比了Q-lin,Q-tri,RQ-lin,RQ-tri,SSP-lin和CDFt 6种误差订正方法对CWRF模式控制化方案（C1）模拟中国东部夏季日极端降水的订正效果,以CWRF模式14种方案日极端降水的模拟效果排名为基础,对比了模拟效果较好的4种方案集合、模拟较差的4种方案集合以及14种方案集合的订正效果,选出相对较好的订正方案进一步评估其成员集合后订正和成员分别订正后再集合的订正效果,结果表明:采用6种误差订正方法均可明显减少日极端降水模拟误差,其中RQ-lin方法订正效果最佳。CWRF模式对中国东部的极端降水指数均表现出较好的模拟能力,不同参数化集合方案得到14种方案成员先订正再集合与观测日极端降水平均值最为接近,研究结果对于改进模拟结果、提高其预测能力有重要应用价值。 相似文献
19.
采用EFAST方法和SCE-UA算法优化WheatSM模型参数,采用区域模拟和单站插值的方法对2013—2017年鹤壁市冬小麦各发育期日数和产量进行模拟修订,为WheatSM作物模型在豫北地区的业务应用提供参考。研究发现:区域模拟方法对鹤壁地区冬小麦生育期开始日期的模拟效果除出苗期、越冬期的外,其他均好于单点插值方法的。单点插值方法对越冬期的模拟效果明显好于区域模拟方法的。冬小麦产量的模拟效果区域模拟方法也比单点插值方法好,但两种结果的相对误差均较大。通过对WheatSM模型得到的冬小麦气象产量模拟结果进行修订,可以明显提高模型产量模拟结果。2013—2017年鹤壁地区模拟产量的误差为-17. 92%～-2. 98%,RMSE为1114. 9 kg/hm~2,NMSE为12. 59,模拟效果较好。利用区域模拟方法可以对区域内单个站点的冬小麦生长发育和产量进行模拟,但对越冬期开始时间的模拟需要参考单点插值方法的相应结果。 相似文献