共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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贵州省冬季地表(0cm)温度预报探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用EC细网格地温预报资料,进行预报准确率检验,检验结果表明,EC细网格地温预报准确率较差。并利用1971—2014年贵州0 cm地温资料和气温资料,对贵州冬季地温与气温的关系进行分析,应用统计回归方法建立以气温为基础的地温模型,从而实现通过气温估算地温,并对地气模型进行了检验;结果表明,平均地温预测模型和最低地温预测模型准确率分别达到92%和80%,绝对误差均小于2℃,最高地温预测模型准确率仅有42%,今后需要考虑在不同天气(晴、多云、阴、雨、雪等)条件,分别建立最高地温预测模型。 相似文献
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基于MODIS数据的近地表气温估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气温是各种植物生理、水文、环境等模型中一个非常重要的近地表气象参数,多年来气温数据均以气象站点资料插值得到。近年来,卫星遥感数据被用于气温估算,且精度不断提高。为研究基于MODIS数据的近地表气温估算方法,以浙江省为研究区域,利用33个站点2011年逐日每10 min一次的自动气象站气温观测数据和MODIS地表温度产品及参数因子,建立了MODIS地表温度和地面观测的气温的线性关系,同时通过考虑归一化植被指数、水汽压、地表反照率、高程4个影响因子,得出了卫星过境时刻MODIS地表温度和气温的多因子估算模型;利用Zaksek等提出的基于能量平衡的遥感模型进行了气温估算,并采用多元回归分析法对该模型重新进行了拟合,得到近地表气温。结果表明:三种方法的决定系数R2分别为0.87、0.94、0.90,均方根误差RMSE分别为3.35℃、2.31℃、2.78℃,多因子估算模型得到的结果最好。同时对其分白天和夜间进行检验,二者的RMSE分别为2.27℃、1.93℃,夜间精度比白天高。对于季节的变化,秋季估算结果最好,春季次之,冬季稍差,夏季最差。 相似文献
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利用江西省93个气象站观测资料,基于平流-干旱模型对1961—2019年江西省实际蒸发量进行估算,再进行气候倾向率、贡献率计算、敏感性分析和M-K检验等,分析蒸发量的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明:江西省蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,幅度为-5.47 mm/(10 a);蒸发量在1969年发生突变,突变后其下降趋势明显减弱;夏季蒸发量下降最为显著,秋季次之,春、冬两季不明显。蒸发量对风速变化表现为负敏感,对气温、水汽压、净辐射量变化表现为正敏感,且任意时段内蒸发量对气象因子变化的敏感程度均为净辐射量>气温>风速>水汽压。净辐射量变化是影响江西省夏季蒸发量变化的主导因子,但其他季节净辐射量变化是气温、净辐射量和风速的共同作用的结果。随着气候逐渐变暖,气温和风速等因素对蒸发量变化贡献的增加不容忽视。 相似文献
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在气象学上,对天气现象的描述诸如风雨雪霜,闪电雷暴,冰雹雾松等等已有不少。但有一种天气现象却往往不被人们所注意,这就是地冰花,也有人称为“霜柱”。这是种奇特的天气现象。在寒冷的冬天,晴朗而风静的夜晚,裸露而松散的土地上,常常可以看到生长出千姿百态的地冰花,有时连成一片,宛似白菊盛开,景色十分喜人(见图1)。 地冰花是怎么生成的呢?据我们观测,当气温低于零度,风速较小,土层潮湿而松散,地表温度在零下1—2度,土下层有水汽不断向上蒸发时,是地冰花生长的有利条件,因为地表温度低于零度时,会使土壤缝隙向上蒸发的水汽产生凇结。观测发现,这种凇结现象,当气温在零度时即开始,并随着水汽不断蒸发,这种凇结现象在不断进行,地冰花也不断向上伸长;当地表孔隙较大时, 相似文献
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使用北京人工影响天气办公室提供的2014-2017年京津冀地区飞行记录积冰个例样本与机载观测数据,2016年全国空中报告积冰、非积冰个例样本和欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）第5代全球气候大气再分析数据（ERA5）,基于模糊逻辑隶属度函数,定义了以气温和相对湿度为判别基础并考虑垂直速度和云量影响的积冰指数Ip（icing potential index）,用于判断飞机在空中发生积冰事件的可能性。检验结果表明:该指数对积冰事件的判别准确率为80.2%,与目前国内常用的经典积冰指数（Ic）相比,其判别准确率有明显提升,且漏报率和虚警率均显著降低（分别为9.4%和10.4%）,结合数值预报产品可对飞机在空中特定位置发生积冰事件的可能性进行预测。 相似文献
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利用四川省自动与人工地温对比观测数据对0～320cm地温进行逐层对比分析,发现自动与人工观测的逐层地温差异不同,地表温度和浅层地温自动观测数据比人工观测数据偏高。自动与人工观测数据一致率最高的是160cm地温,达到21%,一致率最低的是80cm地温,仅为6.2%;80cm地温的差值绝对值大于2℃的百分率最高,接近70%左右;地温年值正差异最大的出现在红原,自动比人工偏大达8.32℃。 相似文献
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《气象与环境学报》2018,(5)
利用2015年大连地区7个主要气象站的地面气温、降水、风向风速和相对湿度观测资料,针对东北区域中尺度数值模式(Weather Research and Forecast,WRF)产品中常规天气要素进行检验分析,了解掌握WRF模式对不同天气要素的预报能力,以期为天气预报业务中WRF模式产品的订正提供参考。结果表明:WRF模式产品的气温预报准确率整体上08时起报的比20时起报的稍好,最低气温预报效果比最高气温稍好,且WRF模式对升温和降温的趋势预报较好,具有一定参考性。WRF模式产品的降水预报准确率相对较高; WRF模式对风向的预报准确率可以达到50%左右,而风速的预报准确率可以达到60%—70%;大雾天气的预报,可以相应参考WRF模式的相对湿度。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献