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1.
基于地面和高空观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料及多普勒雷达等资料，对发生在山东两次相似环流形势的华北冷涡背景下，造成不同类型的强对流天气进行对比分析。结果表明：①2016年6月14日发生的强对流天气(“6〖DK〗·14”过程)以雷暴大风和短时强降水为主，发生在低层弱的垂直风切变环境中，对流层中下层（400～900 hPa）存在较为深厚的暖湿平流，水汽输送充沛，同时造成0 ℃、-20 ℃层高度抬升，有利于短时强降水而不利于冰雹产生；2018年6月13日发生的强对流天气（“6〖DK〗·13”过程）以雷暴大风和冰雹为主，发生在较强的条件不稳定层结和强的低层垂直风切变环境中，400～500 hPa冷平流以及低层暖平流的同时增强，有利于对流层中层的温度垂直递减率进一步增大，造成-30～-20 ℃层进一步下降，促成了大冰雹的发生环境。②“6〖DK〗·14”过程是由地面辐合线触发，“6〖DK〗·13”过程是由锋面触发。③“6〖DK〗·14”过程强反射率因子高度低，无明显高悬强回波结构，利于出现短时强降水;“6〖DK〗·13”过程具有单体结构密实和明显高悬强回波结构特征,因此，6〖DK〗·13”过程对流强度更强，更容易出现冰雹。 相似文献
2.
利用地面观测资料、天气雷达资料和ECMWF-ERA5逐小时0.25°×0.25°再分析资料,主要从环境条件和触发机制两个方面,对2019年6月8日（简称过程A）、9日（简称过程B）影响江苏省北部的两次冷涡型强对流天气过程进行了对比分析。结果表明： 过程A是由暖湿气流引起的短时强降水伴随雷暴大风的湿对流天气;过程B则是在高层西北气流下由干冷平流强迫引起的大风冰雹伴随短时强降水的混合对流天气。过程A,由暖湿气流形成强对流不稳定层结,垂直风切变强度一般,湿层深厚,有利于短时强降水的发生;过程B,中高层的较强干冷平流叠加在低层暖湿平流上而形成强对流不稳定层结,强的垂直风切变位于中低层,配合较强的动力抬升条件,有利于冰雹的发生。两次天气过程的触发机制都是地面辐合线。过程A的预报重点为水汽条件和来自上游的对流系统与当地地面辐合线的耦合;过程B的预报重点为大气的不稳定度和冷涡后部冷空气的干侵入与地面辐合线的耦合。 相似文献
3.
《干旱气象》2015,(4)
利用常规、非常规观测及NCEP再分析资料,对广西1次高空触发强对流(简称高架强对流)及2次地面触发强对流(简称地面强对流)天气过程进行诊断对比分析。结果表明:高架强对流云系TBB值高,造成小冰雹,而地面强对流云系TBB值低且梯度大,冷中心达200 K,产生大冰雹、局地龙卷等;大冰雹回波具有高悬强回波、弱回波区、中气旋、三体散射及高的VIL;由弓形回波造成的强降水、雷暴大风,其发生前强回波质心迅速下降;超级单体风暴造成的局地龙卷,其回波具有中气旋、弱回波区及强组合切变,0~3 km垂直风切变在强风暴减弱消失前1 h左右明显减弱;"120227"、"130323"、"130417"3次强对流发生在高空急流轴右侧辐散区、中低层急流汇合处,具有强的环境风垂直切变及上干下湿特征,且抬升触发系统分别为近垂直分布的中高层、整层、中低层辐合系统(槽、切变、锋面或辐合线);"130323"地面过程造成的强对流灾害天气最强,其层结不稳定性及抬升运动也最强。 相似文献
4.
对揭阳市近几年产生强对流风暴的环流形势及多普勒雷达特征进行分析,结果发现揭阳市近几年强对流风暴主要产生于高空槽过境、高空冷涡前及副高边缘等环流形势背景下,其产生的灾害天气有冰雹、雷暴、暴洪及地面大风,最近两年以强降水为主的灾害性天气暴洪有增加增强的趋势,地面明显锋面出现预示强对流天气更加激烈。多普勒雷达特征表现为具有强的反射率因子(Z>57 dBz)、雷达回波发展迅速,具有悬垂回波、中气旋等结构。后侧入流缺口往往指示地面大风出现,强逆风区及高回波顶提示强的降水概率,其中冰雹具有最强的垂直风切变环境及最大反射率因子。中-β尺度的暴洪过程中,速度图上表现为低层暖平流叠加在辐合风场的特征,且可以发现具有"牛眼"结构西南大风核。 相似文献
5.
利用武汉多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月27日发生在武汉及其周边部分地区的一次强对流天气过程,特别是引起武汉、洪湖的冰雹和地面大风灾害的2个强风暴(A、B)进行了详细分析,得到如下结论:(1)这次强对流天气的主要天气背景是,副热带高压西侧强烈的西南气流诱发了中小尺度扰动,强的低层垂直风切变,大的垂直不稳定,低层较干和中高层更干的水汽条件.(2)产生灾害性天气的对流系统最初是一条近乎南北向的断续型对流带,强风暴A和B在其成熟阶段都有低层弱回波和中高层悬垂回波结构,最大回波强度均大于60 dBz;风暴A在其崩溃阶段.近地面径向速度迅速增大,随其北移,造成武汉市黄陂区大风灾害;风暴B在平均径向速度图上存在明显的中层气流辐合(MARC),是即将出现地面强辐散风的标识.(3)强回波中心高度迅速降低是地面灾害性天气发生的标识,VIL密度比VIL本身更能反映风暴的强度,特别是当因雷达扫描策略的影响导致探测不到风暴顶或风暴底时.(4)在用冰雹探测算法(HDA)探测冰雹时,要注意修改可调参数,特别是0℃和-20℃环境温度的高度,这样才能大大降低冰雹误报率. 相似文献
6.
利用武汉多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月27日发生在武汉及其周边部分地区的一次强对流天气过程,特别是引起武汉、洪湖的冰雹和地面大风灾害的2个强风暴（A、B）进行了详细分析,得到如下结论：（1）这次强对流天气的主要天气背景是,副热带高压西侧强烈的西南气流诱发了中小尺度扰动,强的低层垂直风切变,大的垂直不稳定,低层较干和中高层更干的水汽条件。（2）产生灾害性天气的对流系统最初是一条近乎南北向的断续型对流带,强风暴A和B在其成熟阶段都有低层弱回波和中高层悬垂回波结构,最大回波强度均大于60dBz;风暴A在其崩溃阶段,近地面径向速度迅速增大,随其北移．造成武汉市黄陂区大风灾害;风暴B在平均径向速度图上存在明显的中层气流辐合（MARC）,是即将出现地面强辐散风的标识。（3）强回波中心高度迅速降低是地面灾害性天气发生的标识,VIL密度比VIL本身更能反映风暴的强度,特别是当因雷达扫描策略的影响导致探测不到风暴顶或风暴底时。（4）在用冰雹探测算法（HDA）探测冰雹时,要注意修改可调参数．特别是0℃和-20℃环境温度的高度．这样才能大大降低冰雹误报率。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2016,(6)
利用呼和浩特多普勒天气雷达、卫星云图及NCEP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对2015年7月29日呼和浩特市的一次冷涡后部环境条件下发生的冰雹天气过程进行分析,结果表明:在冷涡后部,高层冷平流和低层暖平流有利于对流不稳定度加大,较大的对流有效位能(CAPE)和假相当位温(θse)高能区反映了不稳定能量在冰雹区积聚;中低层水汽输送、0~6 km风场强烈顺时针旋转和中等强度的垂直风切变,为冰雹发生提供可能;地面辐合线、冷空气侵入及干线是冰雹的主要触发条件,冰雹主要发生在低层高能区和干线附近靠近湿区一侧。组合反射率因子图上呈现"钩状回波"和"弓形回波",最强反射率因子大于等于60 d Bz,反射率垂直剖面图上可识别低层弱回波区和中高层回波悬垂,回波顶高14~15km,大于等于45 d Bz的回波达到8 km,扩展到-20℃高度层;径向速度图上具有气旋式旋转辐合和"逆风区";垂直累积液态水含量VIL达到64 kg·m~(-2),且降雹前有明显的跃增现象。 相似文献
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2013年3月20日广东东莞罕见龙卷冰雹特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测、NCEP/NCAR再分析、多普勒天气雷达及自动气象站资料等,对2013年3月20日发生在东莞的一次罕见龙卷、冰雹等致灾性强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：1）龙卷过境时的单站气压、温度、风向风速与雷雨大风过境时明显不同,前者具有较典型的龙卷特征。2）华南地区高低空强的风随高度增大的垂直变化、上干下湿的位势不稳定层结以及低层高湿、增温为对流天气发展提供了有利的环境条件,冷空气南压和近地面边界层中小尺度辐合系统为其提供了触发机制。3）中等强度的对流有效位能（CAPE）、强的0-6 km深层垂直风切变以及较强的0-1 km低层垂直风切变为龙卷产生提供了可能性。4）龙卷、冰雹强对流风暴的发展加强与近地面边界层中小尺度辐合系统加强有密切关系。5）同时出现冰雹、大风、龙卷时,最强回波为72 dBz;龙卷出现在超级单体的钩状回波附近,更靠近后侧V形缺口;多时次观测到三体散射（TBSS）回波,与降雹对应;反射率垂直剖面图上可见明显的低层弱回波区、中高层回波悬垂,有界弱回波区（BWER）先于龙卷20多分钟出现。径向速度图上,龙卷出现时超级单体风暴同时具有龙卷涡旋特征（TVS）和中气旋特征。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(5)
利用常规观测资料、中尺度加密气象站资料以及卫星和雷达产品等资料,对2016年7月28日出现在山西中部的一次强对流天气进行综合分析。结果表明:此次强对流天气发生在低涡低槽后部西北气流控制的环流背景条件下;低层切变线、地面辐合线和干线是此次强对流天气的主要触发因素;较低层冷空气的渗透,使得大气层结不稳定度加大,促使垂直上升运动加强,为强对流天气的发展提供了有利条件。强对流发生前,850 h Pa存在明显的逆温层,有利于低层能量积累。对流层高低层湿位涡的正负垂直叠置,使大气对称不稳定性增强,强对流天气发生在湿位涡等值线前沿的湿位涡舌附近、冷暖空气交汇的区域。卫星云图上出现的椭圆形雹暴云团,是造成冰雹大风天气的主要中尺度系统。雷达回波强度图上出现的旁瓣回波和三体散射长钉是典型的冰雹特征,且较降雹时间提前约15~20 min,雷暴大风发生在弓形回波头部、强回波中心断裂处,强回波快速减弱对雷暴大风的发生具有指示意义;径向速度图上出现中等强度的中气旋以及中层明显的径向辐合有利于雷暴大风出现;回波顶高和垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)的跃增表明出现大冰雹的可能,VIL的快速降低也意味着出现雷暴大风的潜势较大。 相似文献
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2006年5月26日和6月25日三门峡辖区均出现了以地面大风、冰雹为主的灾害性天气.利用常规观测资料和非常规加密探测资料以及雷达、卫星云图资料对这两次灾害性天气过程进行诊断分析,结果表明:这两次灾害性天气均是由500 hPa华北冷涡后部的下滑槽或横槽转竖带动北方冷空气急剧南下造成的下击暴流引发的强对流天气.当雷达回波顶高超过10 km、强度≥50 dBz并出现回波悬垂结构的超级对流单体或多单体超级对流风暴移来时,易产生强对流天气;强回波质心在移动过程中不断下降或回波悬垂结构、低层弱回波区出现在风暴后部时,是下击暴流发生的前兆;冰雹指数、风暴跟踪信息、中气旋3个产品叠加对强对流风暴发生、发展、移向的预报具有较好的参考作用. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献