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1.
逐步消空法在上海雷电潜势预报中的应用 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用上海地区1999--2007年的探空资料、地面观测资料和历史天气图资料,从雷暴发生的形势场入手,分析上海地区雷暴主要类型.选取合理、适当的对流参数对于短时局地强雷雨天气的潜势预测、强度判别是有指示意义的.利用天气型、K指数、沙氏指数以及对流有效位能作为预报因子,采用逐步消空法找出雷暴识别指标集合,变小概率事件为条件概率下的大概率事件,进而提高雷电潜势预报准确率. 相似文献
2.
基于NCEP/GFS资料的中国东部地区雷暴预报研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于来自美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)的GFS(Global Forecasting System)分析及预报场资料,将多个能够表征雷暴发生动力、热力环境的对流因子作为预报因子,通过费希尔判别准则及逐个引入因子法,建立集合多个对流参数的雷暴预报模型,从而进行较长时效(12—24 h)的区域性雷暴预报。依据临界成功指数(CSI)最高的原则,建立最优预报模型,不同地区所选用的对流参数不同,雷暴模型预报雷暴发生与否的临界值也不同,从而不仅能够得到较好的集合多个对流参数的雷暴区域性预报,还能充分考虑不同地区雷暴发生的地域性特点和气候背景。将建立的预报方法应用于2012年6和9月的两次强对流过程的预报,发现雷暴预报模型较好地预报出两次过程的雷暴落区。进一步,为了能够在强天气预报中客观有效地区分出雷暴与暴雨区,引入集合动力因子暴雨预报方法。集合动力因子暴雨预报方法在诊断和追踪强降水的发展演变中表现凸出,而集合对流参数雷暴预报方法则对包含短时强降水、冰雹、大风等在内的对流性天气有较好反映,综合两套预报方法各自的优势,建立了集成动力因子-对流参数强天气预报方法,用于降水和雷暴的预报,同时对雷暴加降水型、雷暴无降水型、降水无雷暴型等强天气进行区分预报。对中国多个典型城市的预报效果分析发现,该方法不仅能够较好地预报出较长时效(24 h)的雷暴和降水落区,对区分降水雷暴、无降水雷暴和无雷暴降水也表现出一定的能力。 相似文献
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通过对2006年6~9月(雨季)大量雷暴对流参数进行计算,选取离西昌发射场最近的单点同化资料。利用相关系数法选取相关性好且稳定的预报因子,进行事件概率回归,得到雷暴预报方程。并对2007年雨季西昌雷暴进行预报,取得了较好的效果。分析表明,基于对流参数的雷暴预报方法对场区雷暴的预报具有明显的效果。 相似文献
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根据2008—2010年夏季邵阳地区的NCEP全球再分析资料(分辨率为1°×1°)和闪电定位资料,利用支持向量机(SVM)分类方法建立该地区雷暴潜势预报模型,并用测试样本检验了该模型的预报能力,同时与Logistic回归模型和Bayes判别法的预报效果进行了比较。结果表明,SVM模型的预报准确率为86.21%,虚警率为15.25%,漏报率为13.79%。对比三种模型的TSS技术评分,发现使用SVM方法建立的模型对邵阳地区雷暴预报的效果最好,评分值为0.79。因此,SVM方法所建立的模型可以为邵阳地区6 h的雷暴潜势预报提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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对2001-2010年4-9月苏南5市区雷暴天气的对流参数进行了分析、研究.经过对对流参数箱线图统计、计算点双序列相关系数、值域多次分级试验和级间整合调整等优化处理后,最终选取大气可降水量、杰弗逊指数、肖沃特指数、全总指数、风暴强度指数、抬升凝结高度层温度、上下层温差共7个对流参数作为预报因子,建立苏南5市区雷暴的双级逻辑预报方程.利用预报方程,对2001-2009年4-9月的8230个样本进行拟合结果分析:临界成功指数的平均值为61.0％;对2010年4-9月的样本进行试报,苏南5市区7、8月份的临界成功指数分别为75.0％和66.7％,预报效果较好. 相似文献
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基于对流参数的洋口港地区雷暴预报方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章分析了洋口港地区2001-2009年4-9月1645个样本22种对流参数与雷暴事件的相关性以及这些参数的统计特征。结果表明,各对流参数月际分布差异较大,各参数与雷暴事件相关系数也不同。因而选择沙氏指数SI、全总指数TT、杰弗逊指数JI、抬升凝结高度温度tcl_t、上下层温差dt_58、大气可降水量Pw、风暴强度指数SSI等7个对于雷暴活动具有较好相关性的因子,并考虑到4-9月月际分布差异,使用不同月份Pw、SI、TT、JI的不同阈值作为排空因子,不’同月份SSI、tcl_t、dt_58的不同阈值作为预报因子,使用二级逻辑回归法建立排空方程和预报方程,同时对所建立各月预报方程进行了检验和拟合结果分析,并对2010年4-9月样本进行试报,预报效果较好。 相似文献
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本文利用绵阳机场2010～2014年逐时气象观测资料、温江站探空资料与绵阳市闪电定位仪资料,通过探空资料计算各对流参数与雷暴发生的相关系数,筛选相关系数高的对流参数作为预报因子,并探讨各预报因子的物理意义。分别用事件概率回归(REEP)、Fisher判别分析以及指标叠加三种方法制作雷暴潜势预报,其中指标叠加法CSI评分最高,并且可以通过累加值N的大小来确定雷暴发生概率。用指标叠加法试报机场2015年6～8月雷暴,临界成功指数CSI=52.9%,击中率POD=81.8%,利用该方法对绵阳机场周边(市辖区范围)航路上的雷暴也有较好的预报能力。 相似文献
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动力-统计方法在24小时雷暴预报的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用T213数值预报产品,计算了多个对流参数,应用事件概率回归方法分别建立了全国690个基本站4-9月的24h雷暴潜势预报方程,并根据TS评分值最大的原则确定了雷暴发生预报的临界概率,针对2010年4-9月进行试预报。研究结果表明：（1）基于T213输出产品计算得到的对流参数物理意义明确,与雷暴有无事件相关系数较高,对雷暴潜势预报方程贡献很大。（2）雷暴潜势预报方程对区域性雷暴的预报指示性较强,尤其对于雷电频发的地区效果更好。（3）690个站TS评分平均值为0．24。 相似文献
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为提高雷暴天气的潜势预报能力，在统计分析安徽省雷暴形成天气条件的基础上，利用2003-2004年T213资料，选取与雷暴相关性好的对流参数作为预报因子。并在考虑因子季节变化特征的基础上，分别用判别分析法和指标叠加法制作雷暴潜势预报，结果表明指标叠加法优于判别分析法。最后用指标叠加法试报了2005年3—8月的雷暴，临界成功指数CSJ=69．4％，命中率POD=89．5％，虚假报警率FAR=24．4％，分区预报准确率也较高。另外，试报期间的区域性冰雹、雷雨大风全部命中，可见该方法对冰雹、雷雨大风也有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献