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利用MICAPS常规数据,陕西现代气象一体化智能网格预报平台预报检验数据,以及陕西天气业务实时评估平台预报评分数据,选取2017年1—6月省级预报员综合主观预报结果与智能网格平台的多模式集成结果进行对比分析,同时选取2017年8月11—14日在西安周边发生的一次分散性强对流天气的预报服务作为个案分析,研究在智能预报发展前景下,预报员在预报业务体系中的位置与作用。研究结果表明,智能预报体系中预报员的作用是不可取代的,但是,预报员的职能将根据气象业务现代化的推进实现角色的转变,常规精细化预报产品将越来越不需要预报员的人工干预,预报员需要更加快速准确地进行灾害性天气的精细化订正,制作针对性服务产品,深入研究灾害性天气的机理,总结预报经验,改进数值预报模型的算法,为提高人工智能的效果提出建议和方法;对预报员的评价体系应该从预报准确率评分转变为灾害性天气订正技巧评分,以订正技巧来衡量一个预报员的业务水平。 相似文献
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利用MICAPS常规数据,陕西现代气象一体化智能网格预报平台预报检验数据,以及陕西天气业务实时评估平台预报评分数据,选取2017年1—6月省级预报员综合主观预报结果与智能网格平台的多模式集成结果进行对比分析,同时选取2017年8月11—14日在西安周边发生的一次分散性强对流天气的预报服务作为个案分析,研究在智能预报发展前景下,预报员在预报业务体系中的位置与作用。研究结果表明,智能预报体系中预报员的作用是不可取代的,但是,预报员的职能将根据气象业务现代化的推进实现角色的转变,常规精细化预报产品将越来越不需要预报员的人工干预,预报员需要更加快速准确地进行灾害性天气的精细化订正,制作针对性服务产品,深入研究灾害性天气的机理,总结预报经验,改进数值预报模型的算法,为提高人工智能的效果提出建议和方法;对预报员的评价体系应该从预报准确率评分转变为灾害性天气订正技巧评分,以订正技巧来衡量一个预报员的业务水平。 相似文献
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高分辨率数值模式在强对流天气预警中的业务应用进展 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
结合高分辨率数值模式的业务发展及笔者在使用高分辨率数值模式中的一些经验,分析和总结高分辨率数值模式在强对流天气预报和预警中的国内外应用现状和发展趋势,并通过2014年一次强风雹过程的产品应用分析,指出高分辨率模式产品在业务应用中的两大优势:增加预报员的预期能力;有助于精细化预警和延长预警时效.论文还探讨了高分辨率数值模式在业务应用中需要注意的问题.最后,就我国天气预警业务如何快速从“基于观测分析”向“基于模式预报分析”过渡提出了一些建议,包括尽快建立灾害性天气测试平台、重视高分率数值模式的产品后处理研发和加强针对预报员的数值预报理论及相关技术培训. 相似文献
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国家级中尺度天气分析业务技术进展Ⅰ：对流天气环境场分析业务技术规范的改进与产品集成系统支撑技术 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
中尺度天气分析技术已经在我国天气预报业务中发挥了重要作用。2011年以来国家级中尺度天气分析业务技术取得了明显进展,促进了国家级强对流预报业务的发展。《中尺度天气分析业务技术规范》已重新编写和完善,内容分为两篇,第一篇是中尺度对流天气环境场分析;第二篇为中尺度对流天气过程分析,第二篇为新增内容,将另文介绍。短时和短期时效内中尺度对流天气环境场条件分析以配料法思路为基础,重新编排和简化了分析内容,兼顾分析的精细化和分析产品的可操作性,增加了分类强对流天气分析量化指标建议供预报参考,新增了基于局地探空的强对流天气分析规范。中尺度天气分析业务的支撑技术是推进该业务的必备基础,因此国家气象中心改进了MICAPS 3中尺度天气主观分析工具箱功能;开发了中尺度天气分析产品集成系统,包括强对流天气监测产品、中尺度天气分析主观和客观产品、基于不同数值模式预报的强对流参数诊断产品等的数据产品和图形产品等。 相似文献
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美国强对流预报主观产品现状分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了全面反映美国强对流预报主观产品现状,同时也为推进我国国家级强对流天气预报业务建设提供思路,通过研读相关文献、最新技术报告和专家咨询等方式,对当前美国国家级强对流天气预报业务的产品类型、制作、发布规范等最新进展进行了比较详细的分析,并对我国国家级强对流天气预报业务建设提出了初步设想。通过分析看到,美国的强对流预报业务产品,以概率分类预报为主要形式,是以预报员为主体的综合主观预报产品。现已形成了一个比较系统的短时、短期、中期预报业务产品系列。以其为参照,我国强对流预报业务发展须加强四个方面的工作:第一,强对流天气气候学分析、诊断技术的研究应用;第二,基于高时空分辨率的中尺度数值预报系统的客观产品的研发和应用,强对流分类预报方法的研制;第三,专门预报员队伍的建设;第四,科学的业务流程和高效的综合监测传输。 相似文献
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中尺度天气分析技术在对流性天气的短期预报业务中发挥了重要作用。文章介绍了国家气象中心正在发展和试运行的对流天气中尺度过程分析规范和支撑技术,旨在为中尺度对流天气的短时临近分析和预报提供技术方法,其客观技术支撑为中国气象局强对流短临预报系统SWAN、强对流天气综合监测技术和自动站资料快速客观分析技术等。文章以2011年4月17日强对流过程为例,介绍了如何利用多源观测资料(常规和非常规资料)快速识别和掌握强对流天气(短时强降水、雷暴大风、冰雹、龙卷等)实况,分析当前对流系统类型及其结构特征,判断未来影响对流系统发生、发展的中尺度环境条件,并综合考虑客观自动外推算法产品,最终指导预报员对未来0～6 h内的强对流天气影响区域进行短临预报预警。业务试验表明,对流天气中尺度过程分析技术可为强对流天气短临预报业务提供重要参考和依据。 相似文献
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国家气象中心针对强天气预报的特点开发了强天气模式诊断变量和概率预报产品,包括T639全球模式强天气诊断变量产品、基于GRAPES_RUC的中尺度精细化强天气诊断变量产品、基于WRF中尺度模式的区域中尺度集合概率预报产品,于2009年从无到有建立了一套完整的强天气数值预报产品库,提供确定性预报产品和不确定信息的概率产品,为强天气预报业务的开展打下了良好的基础。应用上述产品对"6.3"河南飑线天气的模式预报能力的分析表明,高分辨率模式对强对流天气的预报能力有了较大的提高,但对于强天气预报,15km分辨率仍然不足够高,且产品显示的时空分辨率都应在现有基础上提高,才能更好地展示数值预报产品对强对流过程发生发展和演变过程。 相似文献
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RAFS系统在华南中尺度观测与应用试验基地成功进行准业务运行 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中尺度灾害天气分析与预报平台(RAFS)是国家973项目"我国重大天气灾害形成与预测理论和方法研究"成果业务应用的集成平台,它包括雷达反演产品、卫星反演产品、LAPS中尺度分析产品、AREMS中尺度暴雨数值模式以及GRAPES区域模式预报产品等监测、分析与预报产品,提供给广东省气象台业务使用. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献