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1.
重点研究“莫拉克”台风发展并登陆台湾,以及“天鹅”台风消亡阶段两者相互作用的问题。通过诊断分析发现“莫拉克”与“天鹅”移动过程存在双台风涡旋互旋、吸引与合并现象。采用双台风中心连线的垂直剖面移动坐标分析法可揭示出双台风涡度、风场三维结构,演变过程中双台风的涡度、动能强度呈反向变化关系,在双台风生消过程中,动能、位涡场分布存在显著“连体”通道特征。并揭示出双台风涡旋各自生、消过程水汽、动能可能存在的相互影响及其涡旋结构变化的内在关联。对“天鹅”消亡、“莫拉克”引发暴雨过程,采用Flexpart-WRF耦合模式模拟“质点群”轨迹,模拟结果再现了双台风生消阶段“天鹅”台风水汽“粒子群”向“莫拉克”低层气旋式输入通道,且在“莫拉克”涡旋高层反气旋式卷出的三维立体动态图像。通过剔除“天鹅”台风涡旋数值模拟试验进一步印证了“天鹅”台风趋于消弱过程其水汽、动能输送为“莫拉克”台风发展与维持做出了一定贡献。基于以上合成分析、轨迹和数值模拟技术综合分析提出了能揭示“天鹅”消亡、“莫拉克”发展过程能量、水汽输送相互影响的三维物理图像。  相似文献   

2.
登陆台风等熵面位涡演变的数值模拟研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
季亮  费建芳 《气象》2009,35(3):66-72
选取1997年第11号台风温妮为研究个例,通过中尺度模式MM5模拟再现了该台风登陆后经历初期减弱、变性及变性后再次发展的演变过程.引入Ertel等熵面位涡收支方程,深入分析了登陆台风结构演变的过程中绝热与非绝热作用对对流层低层位涡局地变化的影响.研究表明:台风温妮深入内陆的过程中,对流层低层台风中心西北侧位涡增长,且大值中心不再与台风中心重合;由于摩擦和非绝热加热的存在,对流层低层位涡不守恒,其局地变化主要决定于位涡的水平平流(守恒项)、位涡的垂直平流、加热的垂直微分(非守恒项)的分布;台风温妮变性前后,对流层低层位涡的守恒性逐渐减弱,非守恒项尤其是加热的垂直微分对位涡的局地增长的正贡献不断增强直至占有主导地位.  相似文献   

3.
季亮  费建芳 《大气科学》2009,33(6):1297-1308
选取1997年第11号台风“温妮”为研究个例, 通过中尺度模式MM5模拟再现了该台风登陆后经历初期减弱、 变性及变性后再次发展的演变过程。采用Davis et al.(1996) 提出的片段位涡反演方法, 提取具有副热带高压物理意义的位涡扰动, 采用片段位涡反演的方法, 改变模式积分初始时刻台风东部副热带高压强度, 并引入Ertel等熵面位涡收支方程, 深入分析不同强度的副热带高压环流系统在登陆台风结构演变的过程中等熵面位涡的守恒性, 以及守恒性与非守恒性相对作用的大小。研究表明: 台风北上深入内陆的过程中, 高空槽大值位涡源源不断的输送使得对流层低层西北侧位涡增长, 台风中心上空的辐散形势有利于台风强度的再次增强。由于摩擦和非绝热加热的存在, 对流层位涡局地变化主要决定于位涡的水平平流 (守恒项)、 位涡的垂直平流、 加热的垂直微分 (非守恒项) 的分布。台风经历变性及再增强的过程中, 其影响范围内位涡守恒性经历了先减弱后增强的过程, 非守恒项中位涡的垂直平流能较好地描述对流层中层位涡局地变化趋势, 而加热的垂直微分则在对流层低层和高层表现良好。副高强度的加强使台风加速北上, 加快了台风变性速度, 高层位涡的向下输送明显提前且强度增强, 位涡守恒性的破坏、 重建也相应提前, 位涡垂直平流的整层负值减小, 加热垂直微分对对流层低层位涡增长的正贡献加强, 且持续时间更长。  相似文献   

4.
王天驹  钟中  王举  孙源 《气象》2019,45(6):791-798
结合数值试验结果对台风Megi(2010)不同半径内的位涡倾向(potential vorticity tendency,PVT)质心位置变化与台风移动的关系进行了探讨,并对PVT方程中不同因子影响PVT质心位置的作用范围进行了研究。结果表明,较小台风半径内的正PVT质心位置变化与台风移动具有较好对应关系,可指示"Megi"转向,较大台风半径内的PVT分布变化虽不直接指示"Megi"转向,但可反映对应区域内大气动力、热力状况发生了有利于"Megi"转向的调整。PVT质心移动受位涡水平平流项的影响较大,受垂直平流项和非绝热加热项的影响相对较小,PVT方程中与台风内部对流活动有关的垂直平流项和非绝热加热项可对"Megi"中心附近PVT分布产生影响,而与台风水平环流有关的水平平流项除可对较小台风半径内PVT分布造成影响外,还可将台风位涡向外输送,是导致不同半径内PVT质心位置差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
根据大气运动原始方程组导出一个支配台风中心移动的基本方程。方程中包括了非绝热加热、温度场分布、地形与摩擦等各种可能影响台风移动的强迫因子。对非绝热加热与水平温度分布的作用所作分析表明,非轴对称的非绝热引导作用可使台风加速、减速或转向运动;温度场上的冷区对台风有吸引作用。   相似文献   

6.
不同尺度涡旋相互作用对台风的结构和移动的影响   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7  
根据大气运动原始方程组导出一个支配台风中心移动的基本方程,方程中包括了非绝热加热,温度场分布,地形与摩擦等各中能影响台风移动的强迫因子。对非绝热加热与水平温度分布的使用所作分析表明,非轴对称的非绝热引导作用可使台风加速、减速或转向运动;温度场上的准区对台风有吸收作用。  相似文献   

7.
台风暴雨作为台风引起的最主要灾害之一,一直被人们关注。台风常被认为是对称结构,但从实际状况来看台风的非对称性非常明显,所以有必要研究斜压性涡度在台风中的表现。在高分辨率数值模拟的基础上,通过引入斜压涡度的概念,分析和总结了斜压涡度在2009年台风“莫拉克”暴雨过程中的表现。通过模拟与分析得到如下的结果:斜压涡度和MPV对比,可以看出在登陆前和登陆后,明显低层斜压涡度有更强的异常信号,围绕台风内核呈现正负正的位相特点;从沿着台风中心时间剖面可以看出,登陆前斜压涡度低层多为负正负的位相,并且随着时间的推移,斜压涡度有从大气的高层向台风的移动中心传递的趋势,即在台风即将到达时原先的正涡度被替换为负涡度,所以对其移动有一定指示意义;在台风“莫拉克”过台湾岛时,其斜压涡度表现为负涡度消失,在山地附近有正涡度生成,完成过岛,台风中心被替换;斜压涡度的异常值主要位于大气的低层时,一般会产生较强的降水。   相似文献   

8.
利用上海台风研究所热带气旋最佳路径数据以及ERA5再分析资料,以台风天鹅(0907)和莫拉克(0908)为例,应用Liang-Kleeman信息流因果理论分析了双台风的相互作用机理。结果表明:(1)台风天鹅强度的变化是造成莫拉克强度变化以及经向移动的部分原因,而台风莫拉克强度的变化在一定程度上造成了天鹅的南北移动;(2)台风天鹅主要是通过双台风间的"连体"通道向莫拉克输送位涡以及水汽,进而影响后者强度的变化,影响时段主要在莫拉克的发展初期以及登陆阶段;(3)台风莫拉克对天鹅移动路径变化的贡献不仅包括双台风互旋的直接作用,还包括其调整大尺度环流形势的间接影响。  相似文献   

9.
“莫拉克”是2009年登陆我国热带气旋中影响范围最广、造成损失最大的台风.“莫拉克”带来的强降水导致台湾南部发生50年来最严重的水灾,福建、浙江等省的部分站点过程雨量超过50年一遇.因此,在台风暴雨(强降水)预报中,能否准确把握其落区就显得尤为重要.本文首先利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF对台风“莫拉克”进行高分辨率数值模拟(三层嵌套,最高分辨率为2 km).模式较好地再现了台风中心的移动路径、强度;模拟的降水分布区域与实况也较为相符.利用再分析资料及模拟的高分辨率资料对暴雨成因进行诊断分析,表明造成此次强降水过程的水汽主要由西南季风输送,并且垂直运动旺盛,贯穿整个对流层.根据集合动力因子预报方法,运用广义湿位温、对流涡度矢量垂直分量及水汽散度通量对暴雨落区进行了诊断和预报,发现广义湿位温等值线的“漏斗状”区域与暴雨落区对应关系显著;基于NCEP-GFS每日四次的预报场资料,利用对流涡度矢量和水汽散度通量做出的降水落区预报表明,二者对降水落区均有一定的指示意义.强降水主要位于对流层中低层对流涡度矢量垂直积分量的梯度大值区附近,其时间演变与观测降水的演变具有相当高的一致性;水汽通量散度抓住了垂直运动和水汽散度这两个引发暴雨的关键因子,对降水的发生范围和强降水极值中心的判断更为准确.这三个动力因子都可以为“莫拉克”台风暴雨(强降水)落区提供信号,对台风暴雨落区具有一定的诊断和预报意义.  相似文献   

10.
台风莫拉克动力结构的高分辨率数值模拟及诊断分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
周冠博  冉令坤  高守亭  李娜 《气象》2015,41(6):727-737
本文利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF对2009年8号台风莫拉克进行了高分辨率数值模拟,模拟过程采用三重嵌套,最高分辨率为2 km,共积分72 h(3 d).对实际观测资料与模式模拟结果进行了细致对比和验证分析,结果表明,“莫拉克”台风的发展演变以及登陆过程得到了较好模拟再现,模拟的台风路径与观测路径较为一致,同时“莫拉克”台风的强度演变过程以及主要的雷达回波特征也有较好再现.利用物理量广义波作用密度因子对“莫拉克”引发的暴雨过程进行诊断分析,结果表明,波作用密度的异常值区始终伴随着降水区的发展而起伏变化,两者在水平分布和时间演变趋势上都较为相似,表明“莫拉克”台风降水活动受波动影响明显,广义波作用密度能够综合表征莫拉克台风降水系统动力场和热力场扰动的典型垂直结构,对强降水落区有较好的指示作用.  相似文献   

11.
副高北进过程的个例数值研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
就一次出梅时西太平洋副热带高压北进过程,用数值试验的方法,对副高北进的原因进行了分析研究,重点分析了非绝热过程在副高北进过程中所起的作用。结果表明:1)对应出梅时的环流形势,大气内部的动力调整过程具有使副高增强北进的趋势,是副高北进的主导因子。2)在3~5天时间尺度上,非绝热过程的作用不可忽视,其总效应使副高减弱。就各非绝热因子而言,净辐射过程的总效应使副高减弱,不利副高北进;降水凝结潜热释放有利副高的维持和增强,有利副高北进。就地区而言,南亚季风区加热具有同副高南侧热带辐合带加热相同的作用,正的加热增强有利副高增强北进。  相似文献   

12.
大气非绝热加热作用的研究进展与展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
姚秀萍  闫丽朱  张硕 《气象》2019,45(1):1-16
大气非绝热加热与天气系统的发生发展有密切联系,与降水等天气过程密不可分,非绝热加热在大气运动中有着至关重要的作用。对非绝热加热的研究和理解,有助于改进数值预报模式,增强数值天气预报模式的预报能力。本文系统梳理了大气非绝热加热的基本内容,近几十年非绝热加热及其作用的研究成果,主要包括非绝热加热的概念及其表征、非绝热加热的时空分布特征、非绝热加热与季风、天气系统(如西太平洋副热带高压、热带气旋、温带气旋和急流)和降水之间的关系,以及非绝热加热在数值模式中的表征,进而指出有待于进一步研究的方面。  相似文献   

13.
The effects of surface flux parameterizations on tropical cyclone(TC) intensity and structure are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW) modeling system with high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Morakot(2009).Numerical experiments are designed to simulate Typhoon Morakot(2009) with different formulations of surface exchange coefficients for enthalpy(C_K) and momentum(C_D) transfers,including those from recent observational studies based on in situ aircraft data collected in Atlantic hurricanes.The results show that the simulated intensity and structure are sensitive to C_K and C_D,but the simulated track is not.Consistent with previous studies,the simulated storm intensity is found to be more sensitive to the ratio of C_K/C_D than to C_K or C_D alone.The pressure-wind relationship is also found to be influenced by the exchange coefficients,consistent with recent numerical studies.This paper emphasizes the importance of C_D and C_K on TC structure simulations.The results suggest that C_D and C_K have a large impact on surface wind and flux distributions,boundary layer heights,the warm core,and precipitation.Compared to available observations,the experiment with observed C_D and C_K generally simulated better intensity and structure than the other experiments,especially over the ocean.The reasons for the structural differences among the experiments with different C_D and C_K setups are discussed in the context of TC dynamics and thermodynamics.  相似文献   

14.
Significant anomalous tracks were observed when the severe tropical storm Goni(0907) and typhoon Morakot(0908) in September 2009 were evaluated in short distances.The relationship between the two is regarded as a case of binary interaction.Based on an MM5 model(fifth-generation mesoscale model of Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research),in this study a series of sensitivity experiments were designed to determine the binary interaction between them.The sensitivity of the storm characteristics to the binary interaction was demonstrated through modeling experiments with different TC intensities and sizes based on the bogus vortices initialization.Furthermore,the contributions of large-scale environmental flow and the effects of interaction between the motions of the cyclones were distinguished by numerical experiments using only one of the TC vortices.Results from these experiments show that Morakot(0908) had a greater impact on the motion of Goni(0907),whereas Goni(0907) had a relatively limited impact on Morakot(0908).At the upper level,the northeasterly jet flow in the third quadrant of Morakot(0908) enhanced the upper-level divergence of Goni(0907) and had an important role in maintaining and increasing Goni’s(0907) intensity.And at the lower level,Morakot(0908),with strong convergence and ascending airflow,made a stable transport channel of southwesterly warm and wet flow,thus supporting the lower-level water vapor convergence of Goni(0907).Goni(0907),which was located upriver of the southwesterly flow,intercepted part of the water vapor transportation in the southwesterly flow,causing the water vapor convergence to strengthen while the water vapor convergence of Morakot(0908) weakened.  相似文献   

15.
The sensitivity of the simulation of tropical cyclone(TC) size to microphysics schemes is studied using the Advanced Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF). Six TCs during the 2013 western North Pacific typhoon season and three mainstream microphysics schemes–Ferrier(FER), WRF Single-Moment 5-class(WSM5) and WRF Single-Moment6-class(WSM6)–are investigated. The results consistently show that the simulated TC track is not sensitive to the choice of microphysics scheme in the early simulation, especially in the open ocean. However, the sensitivity is much greater for TC intensity and inner-core size. The TC intensity and size simulated using the WSM5 and WSM6 schemes are respectively higher and larger than those using the FER scheme in general, which likely results from more diabatic heating being generated outside the eyewall in rainbands. More diabatic heating in rainbands gives higher inflow in the lower troposphere and higher outflow in the upper troposphere, with higher upward motion outside the eyewall. The lower-tropospheric inflow would transport absolute angular momentum inward to spin up tangential wind predominantly near the eyewall, leading to the increment in TC intensity and size(the inner-core size, especially). In addition, the inclusion of graupel microphysics processes(as in WSM6) may not have a significant impact on the simulation of TC track, intensity and size.  相似文献   

16.
龚月婷  李英  高迎新  徐洪雄 《大气科学》2018,42(6):1208-1218
0908号台风"莫拉克"(Morakot)在台湾岛引发了24 h超过1000 mm的强烈降水,与其缓慢西行过岛密切相关。本文利用NCEP-GFS实时分析场资料(0.5°×0.5°)、中央气象局台风资料库关于我国台湾地面气压场资料和中尺度数值模式WRF模拟结果,分析了台风Morakot在台湾岛附近缓慢西行成因。结果表明:(1)西太平洋副热带高压减弱东退、与台风"天鹅"(Goni,0907)的"藤原效应"是Morakot在台湾岛附近移速减慢的环境因素,而台风结构变化也是其缓慢过岛西行的一个主要原因;(2)台风过岛过程中,由于地形作用,Morakot环流内诱生低压活跃,先后或同时出现在岛屿东西两侧,使台风环流出现非对称松散结构;(3)在台湾岛西侧诱生低压中心取代东侧原台风中心形成不连续路径过程中,台风经历了低层环流从分裂到重组,正垂直涡度柱从垂直到倾斜再恢复垂直的变化过程,这是Morakot过台湾岛缓慢西行的一个重要原因;(4)Morakot西行登岛过程中环境引导气流主要是偏南气流,而包含诱生低压的扰动引导气流则为偏东气流。扰动引导气流虽是小量,但其纬向分量占环境引导气流纬向分量的比率从7%增至26%,较好地指示了Morakot的西行趋势,也说明地形诱生低压导致的台风结构变化是其过岛西行和缓慢移动的一个重要原因。  相似文献   

17.
1. IntroductionMuch attention has been paid to the role playedby diabatic heating in the genesis and intensificationof tropical cyclone (TC). Based on a two-dimensionalprimitive equation model, Li (1984) proposed that theevolution of TC should be different if the maximumheating appears at different height. Yang et al. (1995)found that abrupt intensification of TC at the mid-latitudes is closely related to the vertical structure ofconvective heating. May and Holland (1998) suggestedthat the…  相似文献   

18.
By using idealized numerical simulations, the impact of tropical cyclone size on secondary eyewall formation (SEF) is examined. Both unbalanced boundary layer and balanced processes are examined to reveal the underlying mechanism. The results show that a tropical cyclone (TC) with a larger initial size favors a quicker SEF and a larger outer eyewall. For a TC with a larger initial size, it will lead to a stronger surface entropy flux, and thus more active outer convection. Meanwhile, a greater inertial stability helps the conversion from diabatic heating to kinetic energy. Furthermore, the progressively broadening of the tangential wind field will induce significant boundary layer imbalances. This unbalanced boundary layer process results in a supergradient wind zone that acts as an important mechanism for triggering and maintaining deep convection. In short, different behaviors of balanced and unbalanced processes associated with the initial wind profile lead to different development rates of the secondary eyewall.  相似文献   

19.
沙尘暴辐射强迫的锋生过程分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
申绍华  陈受钧 《气象学报》1993,51(4):425-433
本文利用锋面方程结合数值模式结果讨论了在沙尘辐射强迫下,影响锋生过程的物理机制,计算了不同的沙尘分布对这种锋生过程的影响。计算和分析结果表明:白天锋生主要是由非绝热加热和水平速度变形场共同产生的,垂直速度场对锋生的影响较弱,主要起锋消作用。水平温度梯度的平流对锋生(消)的影响都很小。晚上影响低层锋消的主要因子是非绝热加热项。 当沙尘降低时,沙尘辐射强迫的锋面强度和坡度都相应地减小。沙尘暴区中心上空的等熵混合层厚度也随之减少。  相似文献   

20.
    
Following the theoretical result of Eliassen, the Sawyer-Eliassen equation for frontal circulations and the equation for forcing the meridional circulation within a circumpolar vortex are extended in isentropic coordinates to des-cribe the forcing of the azimuthally averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within translating extratropical and tropical cyclones. Several physical processes which are not evident in studies employing isobaric coordinates are isolated in this isentropic study. These processes include the effects of pressure torque, inertial torque and storm translation that are associated with the asymmetric structure in isentropic coordinates. This isentropic study also includes the effects of eddy angular momentum transport, diabatic heating and frictional torque that are common in both isentropic and isobaric studies. All of the processes are modulated by static, inertial and baroclinic stabilities. Consistent with the theoretical result of Eliassen, the numerical solution from this isentropic study shows that the roles of torque, diabatic heating and hydrodynamic stability in forcing the radial-vertical circulation within stable vortices are that 1) positive (negative) torque which results in the counterclockwise (clockwise) rotation of vortices also forces the outflow (inflow) branch of the radial-vertical circulation, 2) diabatic heating (cooling) forces the ascent (descent) branch of the radial-vertical circulation and 3) for given forcing, the weaker hydrodynamic stability results in a stronger radial-vertical circulation. It is the net inflow or convergence (net outflow or divergence), vertical motions and the associated redistribution of properties that favor the evolution of vortices with colorful weather events. Numerical solutions of this isentropic study are given in companion articles. The relatively important contribution of various physical processes to the forcing of the azimuthally-averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within different translating cyclones and in their different stages of development will be investigated.  相似文献   

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