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Xiaohua SHAO Tao WANG Yongjin WANG Hai CHENG Kan ZHAO Xinggong KONG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2020,(2):325-335
We present a230Th-dated stalagmite oxygen isotope(δ^18O)record from Loushanguan Cave in the Yangtze River valley,China.The^δ18O record,if viewed as a proxy of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM)intensity,provides an ASM history for the early Holocene with clear centennial-scale variability.A significant approximately 200-yr cycle between 10.2 and 9.1 ka BP(before present,where"present"is defined as the year AD 1950),as revealed by spectral power analyses,is of global significance and is probably forced by the Suess or de Vries cycle of solar activity.Here,we explore a physical mechanism to explain the relationship between the solar activity and the ASM.A strong coherence between the ASM and El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been observed by performing crosswavelet analyses on this cycle.Our study suggests that a strong(weak)ASM state corresponds to a warm(cold)ENSO,which is consistent with modern meteorological observations but contrasts with previous studies on regions far from the Meiyu rainbelt.We argue that the centennial fluctuations of the ASM are a fundamental characteristic forced by the solar activity,with the ENSO variability as a mediator.The relationship between ENSO and the ASM displayed spatial heterogeneity on the centennial scale during the early Holocene,which is a more direct analogue to the observed modern interannual variability of the ASM. 相似文献
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Explosive cyclones(ECs)over two basins in the Northern Hemisphere(20°-90°N)from January 1979 to December2016 are investigated using ERA-Interim and Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST)data.The classical definition of an EC is modified considering not only the rapid drop of the central sea level pressure of the cyclone,but also the strong wind speed at the height of 10 m in which maximum wind speeds greater than 17.2 m s^-1are included.According to the locations of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific,the whole Northern Hemisphere is divided into the"A region"(20°-90°N,90°W-90°E)and"P region"(20°-90°N,90°E-90°W).Over both the A and P regions,the climatological features of ECs,such as their spatial distribution,intensity,seasonal variation,interannual variation,and moving tracks,are documented. 相似文献
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A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR ABNORMAL FREEZING RAINS AND SNOWSTORMS IN SOUTHERN CHINA IN EARLY 2008 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A quantitative diagnosis is carried out for the upward branch of a local meridional circulation over southern China(SC) during the abnormal snowstorms with severe freezing rain from 10 January to 3 February 2008.The diagnostic study shows that the upward branch is mainly associated with the zonal advection of westerly momentum and meridional temperature advection instead of the latent heating(which is commonly the dominant factor in many other storm cases).The corresponding weather analyses indicate that(1) the zonal advection of westerly momentum represents the effect of the upper-level divergence on the anticyclone-shear side in the entrance of a 200 hPa westerly jet with a westward deviation from its climatological location over southwestern Japan;(2) the meridional temperature advection represents the interaction between the mid-lower layer(850 to 400 hPa) warm advection over SC(ahead of temperature and pressure troughs with the latter trough deeper than the former in the Bay of Bengal) and cold advection over north China(steered by an underlying flow at 500 hPa);(3) the relatively weak vapor transport(compared to that of spring,summer and autumn) from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to SC and the existence of a temperature inversion layer in the lower troposphere over SC diminish the effect of latent heating.With the significant increase of vapor transport after 24 January,the role of latent heating is upgraded to become the third positive contributor to the upward branch over SC. 相似文献
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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF WINTER AND SPRING PRECIPITATION IN SOUTH CHINA AND ITS RELATION TO MOISTURE TRANSPORT 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
The interannual variability of winter and spring precipitation in South China(SC)and its relation to moisture transport are investigated by using the monthly precipitation data of NMIC,NCEP reanalysis datasets and NOAA ERSST analysis datasets from 1960 to 2008.The results show that winter and spring precipitation in SC is less than normal from the 1960s to the start of the 1970s and from the end of the 1990s to the present.Most of rainfall anomalies on the whole regional scale of SC is well in phase during winter and spring,and the frequency of persistent drought is higher than that of persistent flood.Seasonal variations of moisture transport differences of SC between persistent drought and flood events are observed:the differences in winter are characterized by moisture transport from Bay of Bangle(BOB)and South China Sea(SCS),while differences in spring are characterized by that from SCS and North China(NC).There are two types of Ni o3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)related to persistent winter and spring drought(flood)events in SC,which are positive SSTA next to Ni o4(Ni o3)and negative SSTA next to Ni o3(Ni o4).Moreover,the variations of moisture transport from BOB and SC have important effects on persistent drought/flood in SC when the Ni o3.4 index is in the positive phase,while those from western North Pacific(WNP)-SC in winter and those from Philippine Sea(PHS)-SC and NC in spring primarily contribute to persistent drought/flood events in SC when the Ni o3.4 index is in the negative phase,and these stronger(weaker)moisture transports are observed in persistent flood(drought)during winter and spring regardless of the Ni o3.4 index.In conclusion,with the correlation between variations and distributions of Ni o3.4 SSTA and persistent drought/flood events in SC,moisture transport is responsible for the formation of precipitation anomalies.In addition,the moisture transport from SCS is most significantly correlated with persistent drought/flood events during winter and spring. 相似文献
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引言:最近十年来國内的氣象事業在高空探測方面發展得相當可觀。尤其測風氣球觀測站設立得最多,主要的原因是國内航空事業的進步。航空事業愈進步,牠所需要的氣象資料愈迫切。七七事變未發生以前,國内幾個有名的航空公司在其航線中主要的起落地點,曾設立幾個測風氣球觀測站,其中有觀測時間繼續了五,六年之久的。這種記錄相當可貴,而且似乎還很少人用牠来作過綜合的統計研究。中央研究院氣象研究所在南京,北平,西安,青岛觀象台在靑島,外人在上海與香港,也有較長時期的測風氣球記錄。那些記錄已經多人利用作過各方面的研究。研究結果散見國内外各氣象刊物。七七事變以来,由於空軍方面的需耍,在内地設立了不少的測風氣球 相似文献
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Three extreme cold events successively occurred across East Asia and North America in the 2020/21 winter.This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of these record-breaking persistent cold events from the isentropic mass circulation(IMC)perspective.Results show that the midlatitude cold surface temperature anomalies always co-occurred with the high-latitude warm anomalies,and this was closely related to the strengthening of the low-level equatorward cold air branch of the IMC,particularly along the climatological cold air routes over East Asia and North America.Specifically,the two cold surges over East Asia in early winter were results of intensification of cold air transport there,influenced by the Arctic sea ice loss in autumn.The weakened cold air transport over North America associated with warmer northeastern Pacific sea surface temperatures(SSTs)explained the concurrent anomalous warmth there.This enhanced a wavenumber-1 pattern and upward wave propagation,inducing a simultaneous and long-lasting stronger poleward warm air branch(WB)of the IMC in the stratosphere and hence a displacement-type Stratospheric Sudden Warming(SSW)event on 4 January.The WB-induced increase in the air mass transported into the polar stratosphere was followed by intensification of the equatorward cold branch,hence promoting the occurrence of two extreme cold events respectively over East Asia in the beginning of January and over North America in February.Results do not yield a robust direct linkage from La Ni?a to the SSW event,IMC changes,and cold events,though the extratropical warm SSTs are found to contribute to the February cold surge in North America. 相似文献
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The relative contributions of atmospheric fluctuations on 6 h?2 d,2?8 d,and 8 d?1 month time scales to the changes in the air?sea fluxes,the SO circulation,and Antarctic sea ice are investigated.It was found that the imposed forcing variability on the three time scales creates a significant increase in wind power input,and hence an increase of about 50%,97%,and 5%of eddy kinetic energy relative to the simulation driven by monthly forcing,respectively.Also,SO circulation and the strength of the upper cell of meridional overturning circulation become strengthened.These results indicate more dominant effects of atmospheric variability on the 2?8 d time scale on the SO circulation.Meanwhile,the 6 h?2 d(2?8 d)atmospheric variability causes an increase in the total sea-ice extent,area,and volume,by about 33%,30%,and 19%(17%,20%,and 25%),respectively,relative to those in the experiment forced by monthly atmospheric variables.Such significant sea-ice increases are caused by a cooler ocean surface and stronger sea-ice transports owing to the enhanced heat losses and air-ice stresses induced by the atmospheric variability at 6 h?2 d and 2?8 d,while the effects of the variability at 8 d?1 month are rather weak.The influences of atmospheric variability found here mainly result from wind fluctuations.Our findings in this study indicate the importance of properly resolving high-frequency atmospheric variability in modeling studies. 相似文献
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Jianping LI Tiejun XIE Xinxin TANG Hao WANG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Fei ZHENG Ruiqiang DING 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):625-642
In this paper,we investigate the influence of the winter NAO on the multidecadal variability of winter East Asian surface air temperature(EASAT)and EASAT decadal prediction.The observational analysis shows that the winter EASAT and East Asian minimum SAT(EAmSAT)display strong in-phase fluctuations and a significant 60-80-year multidecadal variability,apart from a long-term warming trend.The winter EASAT experienced a decreasing trend in the last two decades,which is consistent with the occurrence of extremely cold events in East Asia winters in recent years.The winter NAO leads the detrended winter EASAT by 12-18 years with the greatest significant positive correlation at the lead time of 15 years.Further analysis shows that ENSO may affect winter EASAT interannual variability,but does not affect the robust lead relationship between the winter NAO and EASAT.We present the coupled oceanic-atmospheric bridge(COAB)mechanism of the NAO influences on winter EASAT multidecadal variability through its accumulated delayed effect of~15 years on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Africa-Asia multidecadal teleconnection(AAMT)pattern.An NAO-based linear model for predicting winter decadal EASAT is constructed on the principle of the COAB mechanism,with good hindcast performance.The winter EASAT for 2020-34 is predicted to keep on fluctuating downward until~2025,implying a high probability of occurrence of extremely cold events in coming winters in East Asia,followed by a sudden turn towards sharp warming.The predicted 2020/21 winter EASAT is almost the same as the 2019/20 winter. 相似文献
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【目的】为评估DSG1型和DSG5型国产降水现象仪在测量降水方面的性能。【方法】挑选鲁南地区降水过程、强度和持续时间较一致且相邻2个国家气象观测站不同型号的降水现象仪和自动气象站2017年9月—2020年8月5年降水观测资料,对比分析了这两种不同型号降水现象仪和自动气象站观测降水的差异。【结果】（1）两种降水现象仪和自动气象站观测的降水时间基本相同,但DSG1型和DSG5型比自动气象站分别偏多约2.2%、3.7%;（2）两种降水现象仪分钟降水量、小时降水量和日降水量都比自动气象站偏小;（3）在中等降水强度及以下,两种降水现象仪观测的降水量大小基本一致,但降水强度较大时,降水量大小不一致且分散;（4）两种降水现象仪与自动气象站的分钟、小时和日降水量差值百分比均值变化不同,说明其在测量降水方面性能略有差异。【结论】由于测量原理和时间及空间分辨率不同于自动气象站雨量计,这两种降水现象仪在观测业务中有着良好的表现,对降水开始和结束时刻记录的更早更准确。 相似文献
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利用黔南布依族苗族自治州（以下简称“黔南州”）龙里县、长顺县、都匀市3个国家气象观测站1964-2020年4月1日-9月30日逐日日降水和日照资料,按日降水＞0.1mm,日照为0h记为1个阴雨日,连续6个阴雨日以上且过程总降水≥30mm算为1次连续阴雨天气过程,分析了黔南州连续阴雨天气过程的时间、空间分布特征,同时利用灰色GM(1,1)方法预测黔南州3地连续阴雨天气的发生趋势。结果表明：在1964-2020年间,都匀出现连续阴雨天气的年际变化周期为2a,龙里和长顺为3～4a;都匀连续阴雨的日数和次数多于龙里和长顺,且过程总降水量也大于龙里和长顺;都匀连续阴雨天气预测周期约为2a/次,龙里和长顺的预测周期约3～4a/次;其研究结果对连续阴雨天气的监测、防治和农业气象服务工作具有参考意义,也为接下来研究黔南州农业气象灾害做铺垫。 相似文献
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AbstractThree years of hourly traffic collision data and associated weather data for the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, were analyzed. Using a matched-pair analysis to compare periods of adverse weather with similar periods without adverse weather, the effect of weather on traffic collisions in Edmonton was assessed. Adverse weather took the form of strong winds (>35?km h?1), precipitation (>0.10?mm?h?1), or limited visibility (<1.0?km). Risk ratio (RR) values were calculated to determine the relative increase in accidents resulting from each type of weather, as well as for multiple types of concurrent weather. Analysis was performed for collisions that resulted in property damage only (PDO) and severe collisions that resulted in injuries. To determine whether specific types of collisions were more likely to occur during adverse weather, RR values were determined for multiple types of collisions, such as following too closely or failing to stop at a traffic signal. Our results show that adverse weather affects traffic collisions in a variety of ways. Horizontal visibility less than 200 m and strong winds above 45?km?h?1, while relatively infrequent in Edmonton, typically resulted in an increase in overall collisions (RR?=?3.40 and 1.17, respectively). Precipitation, which is far more common to Edmonton, posed an increased risk to drivers. The type of precipitation was also clearly a factor. The RR value for PDO collisions was higher during periods of snowfall (1.90) than during periods of rainfall (1.28), but the RR value for collisions resulting in injuries (1.37) was higher than the value for PDO collisions during periods of rainfall. Collisions during snowfall had a higher RR value (1.90) for PDO collisions than for collisions resulting in injuries (1.55), and both were higher than the RR values for either type of collision during rainfall, suggesting that snowfall is a greater threat to driving safety than rainfall. For both precipitation types, a higher rate of precipitation was associated with increased risk and a larger number of collisions. Some collision types were clearly affected by the type of precipitation. Vehicles left the road resulting in property damage at far higher RR values during snowfall (3.36) than during periods of rainfall (1.09). Furthermore, analysis of collision types identify that two collisions with nearly identical actions, stopping at a stop sign and stopping at a traffic signal, have very different risks during adverse weather. Stopping at stop signs appears to be far more difficult than stopping at traffic signals during precipitation events and has a higher associated risk. Lastly, we identify a puzzling concern: our results show that Edmonton drivers do not perceive periods of rainfall as presenting a hazard, resulting in a disproportionately high number of injuries during rainfall. 相似文献
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利用四川盆地2008~2013年夏季降水量资料以及500hPa风场资料,基于低频天气图方法,通过分析影响四川盆地强降水过程的500h Pa低频天气系统的活动规律,对强降水时段对应的低频风序列做经验正交分解,分析低频系统的主要空间分布型及其流场配置。统计降水时段对应的低频系统空间位置、分布及持续出现频数,划分出与预测区域降水过程密切关联的8个低频关键区,主要包括中低纬的西太平洋副热带高压及台风的主要活动区(1)、南海附近地区(2)、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾附近地区(3),中高纬的蒙古至河套附近地区(5)和青藏高原及其以北的低频系统集中区域(6)这五个活跃关键区。计算各关键区低频系统历史周期发现低纬关键区(1、2、3)以及高原关键区(6)低频系统的周期都较短,而中高纬关键区(4、5、7、8)低频系统的周期相对较长。建立预测区域强降水过程的低频图预测模型。用此方法对2013年四川盆地延伸期强降水过程进行预报试验,发现预测6~7月上中旬的强降水过程效果较好,但对盛夏高温连晴伏旱时段(7月下旬8月)的预报能力有所下降。 相似文献
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利用哈尔滨本站1881-2010年的月平均气温、1909-2010年的月总降水量和1961-2010年哈尔滨所辖区、县（市）月平均气温、月总降水量资料,采用线性趋势分析方法,计算了哈尔滨市气温、降水变化速率,分析了哈尔滨市气候变化特征;阐述了气候变化对哈尔滨市的影响。结果表明：近50a,除巴彦7月气温略呈下降趋势外,哈尔滨各区、县（市）各月、季、年平均气温均呈升高趋势。哈尔滨各区、县（市）各月、季、年总降水量变化趋势不一致。近130a,哈尔滨市年、季平均气温均呈明显的上升趋势,20世纪80年代开始明显增温,21世纪开始增温尤为显著。近百年来,哈尔滨市年、季总降水量均呈减少趋势。气候变化对哈尔滨市农业、能源等方面的影响有利有弊,但对于水资源、人体健康和交通等方面有较大的负面影响。 相似文献
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塔额盆地大风、沙尘天气统计特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用塔额盆地1961-2005年45a间的大风、沙尘、降水等相关气象资料,对盆地内大风、沙尘天气的分布、强度变化、影响范围等进行了统计分析,并对盆地内大风、沙尘天气形成的天气气候条件进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,塔额盆地沙尘天气一是受地形影响明显,沙尘和强沙尘天气过程的地理分布基本一致,即盆地西部多于东部,并由高纬向低纬渐强;二是有较明显的周期性和季节性变化特点,强沙尘天气的频发周期约为20a左右,沙尘天气春末至夏季最盛,冬季最少;三是与降水和大风的关系密切,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气偏少,偏东大风引起沙尘天气发生的概率最大。 相似文献
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研究汛期短时强降水特征,对于南方低山丘陵地区山洪灾害的预报具有重要指导意义。以怀化市为研究区域,基于该区域11个国家站和403个区域自动气象站的2012-2017年4-9月期间逐小时降水量以及相对应的NCEP资料,分析了怀化市短时强降水的时空分布特征,得出了产生短时强降水天气系统模型,结果显示：①汛期短时强降水发生频率较高,时间集中,分布不均。主要出现在5～7月,占4～9月的72.9%,其次在8～9月;北部频数多,中南部少,西部最少,辰溪、麻阳和怀化三县交界处及沅陵县的大合坪附近是频发区域。②短时强降水日变化呈单峰型,4～10时最容易发生,峰值在8时,谷值在23时。③强度越强出现的频次越少;北部的强度和次数大于其它区域;50～79.9 mm/h,占总站数的68.4%;各月国家站的极值乘以2约等于区域站极值。④低涡型短时强降水出现概率最高,低涡位置和移动路径是短时强降水预报的关键点。 相似文献
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辽宁省人工增雨天气概念模型 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了使人工增雨更有针对性,需要在作业方案制定阶段就对未来影响天气系统有一个明确的判断,需要总结出一套适合辽宁省进行人工增雨作业的天气概念模型。为此,普查了1983～1992年欧亚范围高空及地面天气图,筛选出影响辽宁省并产生降水的天气系统,加以分析归纳,建立了4种有利于辽宁省人工增雨作业的天气概念模型,即西风槽型、东北冷涡型、切变线型及副高型,并分别给出了未来12～24h影响辽宁省的警戒区及最佳人工增雨作业区。 相似文献