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1.
渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析，以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志，确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明，浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布，但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看，馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征，馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小，馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期，从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段，当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。 相似文献
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苏厚熙 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(1):65-72
乌石凹陷是北部湾盆地的一个以下第三系沉积为主的生油凹陷。主要生油层流沙港组泥页岩生油指标高、厚度大、分布面积广,具有丰富的油气源;在早第三纪已形成的四个局部构造带为有利的油气聚集场所。凹陷东部流沙港组存在高压异常,而凹陷西部存在流沙港组与涠洲组两套烃源岩。 相似文献
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北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩热史及成熟史研究,对C洼深水油气勘探具有指导意义。在恢复涠西南凹陷C洼地史和热史的基础上,利用EASY%Ro模型计算了流沙港组烃源岩的成熟度史。研究结果表明,在涠西南凹陷发展的裂陷阶段初始期热流值较高,最大值约为77mW/m2,其后热流值逐渐减小,现今热流值约为54mW/m2;涠西南凹陷C洼流沙港组烃源岩开始生烃(Ro=0.5%)时间为51MaBP,达到生烃高峰(Ro=1%)时间为42MaBP,达到高成熟演化阶段(Ro=1.3%)时间为17MaBP;对比涠1井流沙港组烃源岩演化特征,处于C洼深水勘探区的流沙港组烃源岩成熟度较高,生烃能力较强,拥有广阔的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
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根据X井钻遇的古近系和新近系有机质镜质体反射率分析,确定X井生烃门限深度在2 600m以下,那么该井钻遇始新统流沙港组泥岩有机质丰度较高的井段（2 100~2 285m）尚未达成熟门槛,而生烃门限以下的烃源岩有机质丰度较低,生烃潜力差,不能提供充足的烃源供给,故导致X井勘探失利。X井位于北部湾盆地迈陈凹陷东3洼南部边缘,钻遇流沙港组厚度达568.5m,且泥岩厚度占该组地层的62.3%,其中单层泥岩最大厚度高达115m,表明流沙港组沉积时期水体环境偏深,沉积可容空间大,可见X井钻探结果与前人＂迈5号同生断裂始新世活动弱,沉积可容空间小,导致东3洼缺少油气形成的物质基础＂的结论存在较大偏差。由于X井处在东3洼陷边缘,流沙港组顶部剥蚀强度较大,推测靠近东3洼沉降中心的始新统流沙港组湖相泥岩沉积厚,埋深亦加大,完全能够达到有机质成熟生烃门槛,故应具有较好的油气成藏地质条件和勘探潜力。 相似文献
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本文基于白令海北部陆坡ARC6-B11岩心的沉积物粒度、颜色反射率、有机碳/氮含量和高分辨率化学元素XRF扫描数据，结合底栖和浮游有孔虫AMS14C测年资料，重建了研究区23 ka以来至中全新世的沉积记录，重点研究了海冰的扩张变化对生产力和沉积物输入的影响。研究结果显示，末次盛冰期白令海北部陆坡受到海冰南向扩张的影响而生产力较低，沉积物中砂粒级和冰筏碎屑（IRD）含量较高。HS 1时期由于受到常年冰的覆盖，沉积物中砂粒级和IRD含量存在低值，沉积物中较高的总有机碳（TOC）含量受陆源有机质的影响较大，异常的TOC含量峰值主要受到低海平面和海冰形成过程产生的富氧水团控制下的高浓度细粒物质携带的陆源有机质的快速沉积作用的影响，难以作为反映白令海古生产力的替代指标。B/A暖期和全新世生产力较高，在B/A暖期存在Ca/Ti峰值现象，Ca/Ti峰值现象的产生与碳酸盐补偿深度增加有关，水体通风条件的改变可能起到一定的作用，也不能忽视颗石藻对其产生的潜在影响。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(5)
以油气成藏体系及成藏动力学理论为指导,在成藏基本地质要素分析的基础上,综合各种地质、地球物理、地球化学等资料,采用盆地数值模拟与油气地质综合分析相结合的研究方法,分析了涠西南凹陷C洼的流体动力场特征,动态重建了油气成藏动力学过程,恢复了流体充注历史。结果表明:C洼地区具有较高的地温梯度,流沙港组二段发育有异常超压,古今流体势分布具有较大的继承性;该区沉积充填与构造沉降具幕式变化特征,流二段烃源岩目前处于成熟—高成熟阶段,具有较高的生排烃速率,主要生排烃过程发生于中新世以来;C洼地区经历多次油气充注过程,其中东北部以早期为主,西南部以晚期充注为主。 相似文献
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对东海内陆架杭州湾附近的季节性水体悬浮颗粒物和表层沉积物中的主要藻类生物标志物进行分析，如菜籽甾醇、甲藻甾醇和长链烯酮，分别对应于硅藻、甲藻和定鞭藻，分析探讨水体颗粒物和沉积物中藻类生物标志物的分布特征及控制因素。研究结果显示，东海内陆架表层沉积物中藻类生物标志物空间分布特征明显，由杭州湾近岸向海，含量随水深增加而增加；颗粒物中生物标志物含量的季节变化突出，夏季样品的含量最高。生物标志物的时空变化主要受控于藻类生产力的变化。由于营养盐丰富，高初级生产力主要分布在远离河口的冲淡水和外海海流交汇的水域；夏季由于长江冲淡水携带营养盐影响扩大，近岸浮游植物生产力最高。此外，结果还显示表层沉积物与颗粒物中优势甾醇有显著差异，颗粒物中菜籽甾醇占优势，而表层沉积物中甲藻甾醇占比更大。除了通常解释的颗粒物中有机质主要反映局部地点的瞬时性，而表层沉积物中有机质反映更广区域的多年平均性，我们认为沉积物中可能发生的菜籽甾醇后期氢化作用改造有巨大影响，导致沉积物中菜籽甾醇含量相对甲藻甾醇大量降低。本研究结果强调沉积物中生物标志物沉积历史的复杂性，理解表层沉积物中生物标志物的相对变化对于沉积记录中生物标志物的准... 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2021,(3)
基于沉积微相研究和测井精细解释数据统计分析,开展了涠西南凹陷W区古近系始新统流沙港组储层非均质性研究。W区储层为流一段和流三段,沉积微相研究表明,流沙港组主要为正常三角洲相和扇三角洲相沉积。储层夹层岩性主要为泥岩、粉砂质泥岩,主要成因为分流水道间、水下分流河道与砂坝、砂坝与砂坝、辫流坝与辫状水道、辫状水道间的泥质沉积物。非均质性研究以沉积微相为基础进行,通过比较不同沉积微相的非均质性差别,分析储层的空间物性变化。非均质性研究表明,WA油田流一段夹层厚度5 m的占51.4%,单层夹层层数5个的占27.4%,变异系数平均值1.2,整体上非均质性很强;WB油田流三段夹层分布均匀,东南部平面非均质性弱,西北部平面非均质强;WC和WD油田流三段整体上夹层多,但平面非均质性弱。依据非均质研究成果,对密井网的WA油田主力层进行了剩余油分布预测,并部署了2口调整井挖潜,实施后累增油4.2×10~4 t,采收率提高了2.3%。表明储层夹层分布和平面非均质性研究可以为油田剩余油挖潜提供依据,对油田高效开发具有重要意义。 相似文献
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红树植物花粉在我国东南部海域沉积物中的分布及古环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为搞清我国陆架的孢粉、藻类分布规律，于１９７２年先后对黄海、东海、南海海底沉积物作了孢粉、藻类研究。结果表明，在黄海，东海表层沉积物中红树植物花粉主要由黑潮暖流北上携带而来，在南海沿岸的海湾和河流入海处沉积物中红树植物花粉含量高；水下古海岸线附近含量亦高，南海北部钻孔中的红树植物花粉系由海流搬运我国沿岸物质沉积而成；南部钻孔中的红树植物花粉主要是海流将马来西亚的菲律宾沿岸物质搬运沉积而成。 相似文献
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Dilution by inert, refractory organic carbon can have a significant impact on the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks. In this study, a correction of total organic carbon, based on petrographic observations, is proposed to give a better indication of hydrocarbon generation potential. This correction shows that although the Second White Specks Formation is an excellent hydrocarbon source rock, hydrogen index and total organic carbon are influenced by dilution from refractory organic carbon of various sources. The results show that a higher degree of dilution occurs within the Belle Fourche Formation than the Second White Specks Formation. This dilution can have a significant impact on the hydrocarbon potential of the rock.Volumetric calculation of the inert carbon fraction using organic petrographic methods provides a semi quantitative method to correct total organic carbon values for the refractory organic carbon dilution effect. Incorporation of the dilution corrected organic carbon value in hydrogen index calculations allows a greater understanding of source rock hydrocarbon potential. This method provides better differentiation of the small scale variation between micro-facies and formation, as observed in the Second White Specks and Belle Fourche formations, than traditional bulk geochemical methodologies and previously proposed correction methodologies. Degree of dilution, either through transport of recycled allochthonous or autochthonous reworking of organic matter in-situ is highly variable and represents a significant challenge in the characterization of heterogeneous source rocks.This study investigates the organic petrology and geochemistry of a sediment core from the thermally immature area of the Upper Cretaceous Second White Specks Formation and Belle Fourche Formation. Reflectance and relative abundance of three maceral groups (bituminite, alginite, and refractory organic carbon macerals) showed significant organic matter compositional differences between micro-facies in the Second White Specks Formation. A change is also observed in organic matter composition from the upper part of the Belle Fourche Formation to the Second White Specks Formation. These compositional changes represent shifts in sediment source, sea floor oxygen levels, and depositional energy levels. These changes can be episodic, as observed between micro-facies, or longer time scale trends, as observed between the studied formations. 相似文献
12.
东海西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带烃源岩生排烃史研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
为了深化西湖凹陷浙东中央背斜带油气成藏过程的研究，优化勘探目标选择，在烃源岩特征分析的基础上，应用动态数值模拟技术，定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史，研究表明，浙东中央背斜带主要发育4套烃源岩系，其中始新统平湖组泥岩与煤层为主力烃源岩，具较高的有机质丰度=生烃强度与排烃效率，烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点汉平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。 相似文献
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西湖凹陷中-下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探潜力最好的凹陷之一。通过西湖凹陷宝石一井中下始新统宝石组井震资料,厘定了影响油气资源计算结果较大的关键参数,如烃源岩厚度、有机质油气产率、排聚系数等;建立了构造、沉积、孔隙度与油气生、运、聚模型,编绘了西湖凹陷宝石组生油岩厚度图、有机碳、Ro、生油气强度等值线图;采用BASIMS 4．5盆地综合模拟系统重现了西湖凹陷宝石组的地史、热史、生烃史、排烃史和运聚史,分析了宝石组空间展布特征与生、储、盖、圈、运、保等地质条件,提出并建立了宝石组合油气系统。利用多种方法定量计算的宝石组生烃量和资源量与西湖凹陷已证实的主力烃源岩系平湖组相似,认为宝石组是西湖凹陷又一重要烃源岩及油气勘探目的层系,拥有巨大的油气勘探潜力。 相似文献
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The non-marine Fushun Basin in NE China is a fault-controlled basin filled with Eocene sediments. It hosts the largest opencast coal and oil shale mine in Asia. A single thick oil shale layer overlying sub-bituminous coal occurs within the Middle Eocene Jijuntun Formation. Based on mineralogy, inorganic and organic geochemistry, organic petrography, stable isotope geochemistry, and vitrinite reflectance measurements, the depositional environment and the oil shale potential of the oil shale-bearing succession were investigated. The Jijuntun Formation is subdivided into a lower and an upper unit characterized by a low and high quality oil shale, respectively. The thick oil shale layer of the Jijuntun Formation developed under long-lasting stable conditions in a deep freshwater lake, after drowning of a swamp. The organic matter in the lower unit is characterized by landplant-derived macerals. The sediments containing a type II kerogen (HI: ∼400 mgHC/gTOC) were deposited during warm and humid conditions. Lacustrine organisms predominant in the upper unit are forming kerogen type I (HI: ∼700 mgHC/gTOC). High bioproductivity and excellent preservation conditions resulted in high TOC contents up to 23.6 wt.% in the upper unit. The organic matter preservation was controlled by photic zone anoxia originating in a temperature stratified water column in the deep lake, without significant changes in bottom water salinity. Mid-Eocene cooling during deposition of the upper unit of the Jijuntun Formation is reflected by clay mineral composition. A hot and arid climate favoring brackish conditions in a shallow lake prevailed during accumulation of the overlying carbonate-rich Xilutian Formation. Individual geochemical parameters in the Fushun Basin have to be used with caution, e.g. the maturity proxy Tmax is affected by kerogen type, the redox proxy Pr/Ph ratio is probably biased by different sources of isoprenoids. This demonstrates the importance of multi-proxy studies. 相似文献
15.
太湖五里湖沉降通量及其有机质分解率研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
为了进一步探索重富营养化湖泊水质形成机理,１９９６年７月１９日－９月２日,在太湖北端湖湾重富营养化水体－－五里湖中层水体进行了试验。通过对微分方程的积分与数理统计分析,确定了该湖区该时段平均沉降通量为４０５ｇｄ＾－１ｍ＾－２,其中有机质沉降通量是无机沉降通量的３倍,有机质初始分解率为０．０１２５１ｈ＾－１,长期分解率为０．００６６２ｈ＾－１,１个月的时间就有８０％的有机质分解掉。这种作用造成许多重 相似文献
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R. H. S. McColl 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):509-523
Abstract Chemical parameters (pH, Eh, carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, 0.5M H2SO4‐extractable phosphorus, organic phosphorus, and water‐soluble phosphorus) were measured in the surface layers of sediments collected from various depths in Lakes Rotowhero, Okaro, Ngapouri, Rotokakahi, Okareka, Tikitapu, Okataina, and. Rotoma during October 1972. The sediments of the productive geothermal lake, Rotowhero, were markedly different from those of the cold‐water lakes: they had relatively low pH values, high carbon (mean 8.5%) and organic phosphorus (mean 4160 μg.g?1) concentrations, and very high total phosphorus concentrations (mean 4770 μg.g?1), probably as a result of enrichment by hot springs. The mean concentrations in the sediments of the cold‐water lakes were carbon 3.2–7.9%, Kjeldahl nitrogen 3380–8310 μg.g?1 and phosphorus 690–1780 μg.g?1. These concentrations are within the ranges for New Zealand terrestrial topsoils, but the lake sediments appear enriched in phosphorus relative to local topsoils. Total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of sediments tended to be highest in the eutrophic lakes (Okaro, Ngapouri) although the deep oligotrophic lakes (Okataina, Rotoma) had relatively high total phosphorus concentrations (means 1400, 1510 μg.g?1). Overall, the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of the sediments showed little relationship to the trophic state of the lake. Organic phosphorus concentrations of the surface layers of sediments were similar in all the cold‐water lakes (mean 319 μg.g?1). The proportion of the total phosphorus apparently ‘fixed’ in mineral material was minimal (0–1%) in sediments from the eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes, but in the oligotrophic lakes was similar to that in New Zealand topsoils (9–14%). Reducing conditions may cause solution of a high proportion of the ‘fixed’ phosphorus in the eutrophic lakes. The water‐soluble phosphorus concentrations in the sediments of the five shallow cold‐water lakes (Okaro, Ngapouri, Rotokakahi, Okareka, Tikitapu) correlated positively with trophic state and with concentrations of dissolved phosphorus in the lake waters. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in the sediments tended to vary with overlying water depth. This should be considered when comparisons are made between lakes. 相似文献