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1.
以IAA作为生长素的研究代表 ,结合已有的研究和方法 ,探讨了海藻中生长素的提取和纯化分离方法。确立了以有机溶剂提取海藻中的生长素 ,以乙醚萃取法和柱层析法对生长素进行分离纯化的方法。实验表明本方法适用于大型经济海藻和商业海藻植物生长剂中生长素测定的前处理部分 相似文献
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以IAA作为生长素的研究代表，结合已有的研究和方法，探讨了海藻中生长素的提取和纯化分离方法，确立了以有机溶剂提取海藻中的生长素，以乙醚萃取法和柱层析法和对生长素进行分离纯化的方法，实验表明本方法适用于大型经济海藻和商业海藻植物生长剂中生长素测定的前处理部分。 相似文献
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16种海藻中植物生长素的提取、分离纯化和含量测定 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以荧光分光光度检测法和小麦胚芽鞘切段生物试法对16种中国东部沿海生长的海洋藻类中的生长素含量进行了定量分析。结果表明,所测定的16种海藻,包括红、绿及褐藻中均有生长素(IAA)存在。海藻不同种类之间的含量变化较大,褐藻中的含量低于红藻和绿藻。小麦胚芽鞘切段生物试法对IAA测定的含量变化为5．3-110．2ng／g FW之间,荧光分光光度检测法测定的含量变化为1．1-46．9ng／g FW。小麦胚芽鞘切段生物试法对IAA测定的含量明显高于荧光分光光度检测法测定的相同种含量。讨论结果认为,小麦胚芽鞘切段生物试法的测定结果虽然灵敏度高,但易受实验材料不均一性的制约,试验周期长,并受环境因子的干扰,适用于海藻中生长素的半定量分析;荧光分光光度检测法相对适合于海藻中生长素的定量分析,有很好的可行性。 相似文献
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5.
海藻加工利用研究进展 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
海藻的化学组成之所以特殊是由于其生活环境造成的，当然随着种类的不同以及生长海区和季节的变化，各种海藻的化学成分也有明显的差异。某一类海藻如红藻类、绿藻类、褐藻类等都含有其所谓的特性组分。但从总体上讲，海藻化学组成特征可归纳为以下几个特点：（１）海藻多糖是非消化性的，或者说非营养性碳水化合物。这是海藻的特性组成，也是含量最大的成分。（２）无机物一矿物质和微量元素超常的丰富，被称为无机元素之宝库。（３）蛋白质、维生素等营养性组分，因海藻种类不同而含量呈显较大的差别。如红藻类的紫菜蛋白质含量高达３０％… 相似文献
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以灰树花发酵菌丝体为原料，经过提取分离纯化得到1种水溶性多糖GF4F1，经高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化、红外光谱（IR）以及核磁共振波谱（NMR）等分析表明，该多糖是1种β-1, 3／1，6-葡聚糖，且小鼠体内实验结果表明其具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。在1mg／kg时，对小鼠抑制率为67.3％。 相似文献
7.
山东沿海海藻抗肿瘤活性的筛选 总被引：28，自引：6，他引：28
于1997年4月和2000年5月对山东沿海海藻进行较系统的采集，对其中39种海藻的96个样品采用高通量方法进行选择性细胞毒筛选，结果表明，小粘膜藻（Leathesia dif-formes)、多管藻（Polysiphonia urcedata)、萱cytosiphon lomentarius)、海萝（Gloiopeliis fur-cata)、叉开网翼藻（Dictyopteris diuaricata)、点叶菜（Punctaria latifolia)等对KB细胞或HT-29细胞具有选择性抑制活性。局醇、氯仿的提取效率较高，多管藻的乙醇、氯仿提取物，萱藻的乙醇提取物和叉开网翼藻的正己烷提取物都有强的选择性细胞毒活性。 相似文献
8.
从样品采集与保存、样品前处理、多环芳烃的检测3个方面介绍了测定海水和海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的步骤和最新进展.对目前较为常用的几种样品前处理方法,如液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、索氏提取、超声提取、微波萃取、超临界流体萃取、加速溶剂萃取;以及检测方法,如气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法等作了详细介绍,比较了各自的优缺点.对目前较为常用的2种多环芳烃的来源解析方法(分子指纹法和同位素指纹法)的相关研究进展进行了总结. 相似文献
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以烟台海域淡干海带为实验材料,对浸洗前后其主要金属元素含量及海藻酸根阴离子基团含量进行了研究。结果表明:淡干海带经过浸洗后钾、钠元素含量下降60%以上,镁元素含量下降31.6%,钙、锶元素含量下降小于10%,海藻酸根阴离子基团相对含量上升了一倍;通过比较主要金属阳离子和海藻酸根阴离子基团含量,证明浸洗之后的海带样品中各金属元素主要以海藻酸盐的形式存在于海带中,计算得到各类海藻酸盐含量(湿重,wt%)依次为:海藻酸钾22.2%、海藻酸钙14.6%、海藻酸镁11.4%、海藻酸钠10.5%。XRD(X-Ray Diffraction,X射线衍射)分析表明海带浸出物含有无机盐类物质,在浸洗之后海带样品无明显无机盐的衍射峰,证明浸洗可除去海带样品中的无机盐。 相似文献
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分属绿藻门、红藻门、褐藻门的海藻样品于2000年采于山东青岛和威海沿海，首次采用人白细胞弹性蛋白酶体外筛选技术对39种海藻样品的甲醇提取物进行了抗炎活性筛选，以期从海藻中寻找天然抗类风湿性关节炎等炎症性疾病的药物活性前体。结果表明，18种海藻（7种褐藻，11种红藻）对HLE有抑制活性，而绿藻缺乏抗HLE活性。这18种海藻中，7种表现出较强的抑制活性，分别为：鸭毛藻、海头红、江蓠、细枝软骨藻、粗枝软骨藻、小粘膜藻和绳藻，其中尤以绳藻的抑制活性最强（在浓度为25μg/ml时可达98．9％）。 相似文献
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研究不同浓度吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-Acetic Acid,IAA)对微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)生长和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:在0.1 mg/L时,低于0.5 mg/L时IAA促进微拟球藻生长,但不影响叶绿素和不饱和脂肪酸合成;IAA促进生长作用最显著,最大比生长率为2.33 d-1。随浓度进一步增加,IAA促生长作用越来越小,并抑制叶绿素和不饱和脂肪酸合成;在5 mg/L时,IAA极显著抑制EPA合成。添加适当浓度IAA可促进藻细胞生长,缩短其生长周期。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):529-537
Subtidal seaweed communities of the northern coast of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) have not been studied before. At Sodwana Bay, we tested the hypotheses that the seaweed communities would (1) differ floristically with depth, (2) be more species-rich in shallower water, (3) show similar biomasses within the depth range sampled and (4) be affected (biomass and/or species composition) by sand. Samples were collected (using SCUBA) from reefs ('sites') at depths of about 1m, 7m, 10m, 15m and 26m. Each sample comprised all macroscopic (non-crustose) seaweeds within a 25cm × 25cm quadrat (five quadrats per depth). Environmental factors, including percentage sand cover and depth, were recorded. The seaweed communities were mainly compact turfs; a total of 82 Rhodophyta, 14 Chlorophyta and eight Phaeophyta were recorded. Ordination (canonical correspondence analysis) and classification (Twinspan) of the data showed clear differences in the floristic composition (either as species biomass or presence/absence) with depth, mainly between shallow subtidal communities (0.5–1.0m depth) and those at intermediate depths (5.5–15.0m), followed by the deepest communities (25.7–29.0m) and those at intermediate depths. The shallow samples showed the greatest species diversity. Total seaweed biomass decreased significantly with depth and percentage bare (seaweed-free) substratum increased significantly with depth, possibly because of lower wave action, light penetration, or different grazing patterns. Sand (as percentage sand cover) also affected seaweed community composition, but this showed no pattern with depth. The algal communities on these reefs at Sodwana Bay showed exceptional α-diversity, with 104 taxa (>20% of the recorded KZN flora) occurring in the total sample area of only 1.56m2. The seaweed communities of northern KZN are structurally and floristically similar to those of other tropical coral reefs around the world. 相似文献
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Sofie Vandendriessche Marlies Messiaen Sarah O'Flynn Magda Vincx Steven Degraer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):691-703
Floating seaweed is considered to be an important habitat for juvenile fishes due to the provision of food, shelter, a visual orientation point and passive transport. The importance of the presence of the highly dynamical seaweed clumps from the North Sea to juvenile neustonic fishes was investigated by analysing both neuston samples (without seaweed) and seaweed samples concerning fish community structure, and length-frequency distributions and feeding habits of five associated fish species. While the neustonic fish community was mainly seasonally structured, the seaweed-associated fish community was more complex: the response of the associated fish species to environmental variables was species specific and probably influenced by species interactions, resulting in a large multivariate distance between the samples dominated by Chelon labrosus and the samples dominated by Cyclopterus lumpus, Trachurus trachurus and Ciliata mustela. The results of the stomach analysis confirmed that C. lumpus is a weedpatch specialist that has a close spatial affinity with the seaweed and feeds intensively on the seaweed-associated invertebrate fauna. Similarly, C. mustela juveniles also fed on the seaweed fauna, but in a more opportunistic way. The shape of the size-frequency distribution suggested enhanced growth when associated with floating seaweed. Chelon labrosus and T. trachurus juveniles were generally large in seaweed samples, but large individuals were also encountered in the neuston. The proportion of associated invertebrate fauna in their diet was of minor importance, compared to the proportions in C. lumpus. Individuals of Syngnathus rostellatus mainly fed on planktonic invertebrates but had a discontinuous size-frequency distribution, suggesting that some of the syngnathids were carried with the seaweed upon detachment and stayed associated. Floating seaweeds can therefore be regarded as ephemeral habitats shared between several fish species (mainly juveniles) that use them for different reasons and with varying intensity. 相似文献
14.
筼筜湖绿潮期间颗粒有机物及沉积有机物的来源研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以原子碳氮比Cat/Nat、TOC/Chl a、δ13C和δ15N等为指标,分析了筼筜湖绿潮爆发期间悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积有机物(SOM)的来源。结果显示,筼筜湖的POM主要以外源输入为主。在靠近海水入口的引水渠,POM主要来自厦门西海域的陆源有机碎屑;位于筼筜湖上游的干渠,生活污水及餐饮业废水的有机质是其POM的主要贡献者;内、外湖POM的Cat/Nat(6.94~7.08)与浮游植物接近,但它们并不以浮游植物为主,而主要来自引水渠和干渠有机质的输入。以内湖为例,它们对内湖POM的联合贡献高达54%~97%。筼筜湖SOM的潜在来源多样,但不同湖区差异显著:在大型海藻覆盖区,主要以大型海藻和POM为主,而在无海藻覆盖的区域,则主要来自POM的自然沉降或与底栖微藻的联合贡献。结果表明,在来源复杂的潟湖系统,有机物的化学组成并不能很好的指示有机物的来源和成因,它在有机质的示踪方面并不如稳定同位素来得有效可靠。不过,基于多种指标的分析结果可能更准确。 相似文献
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Catalina T. Pastor de Ward 《Marine Ecology》2000,21(3-4):175-190
Abstract. The composition and distribution of the polychaete assemblages of the San José Gulf (Chubut, Argentina) are described in relation to environmental variables using indicator species (TWINSPAN) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The polychaetes were collected during a benthic cruise in October 1984. Sediments were collected at 110 sampling sites using a 0.25 m2 van Veen bottom grab or by divers in near-shore areas and sieved with 1 mm mesh. A total of 73 polychaete taxa were collected and identified. Both analyses revealed the presence of four main assemblages distributed according to depth as well as bivalve and seaweed abundance gradients: ' Syllis-Eunice ' and ' Harmothoe-Eunice ' assemblages occurred at the same depths (0 – 185 m) and substrata (poorly sorted rock and coarse sand), but were separated by bivalve and seaweed abundance, wherby the highest abundances of bivalves and the minimum abundances of seaweeds corresponded to the ' Syllis-Eunice ' association. The ' Ninoe-Glycera ' and ' Aglaophamus- Fabriciinae indet. 6' assemblages also occurred at similar depths (0 – 60 m) and substrata (very well-sorted medium-fine sand), but differed in their composition of bivalves and seaweed abundances; the ' Aglaophamus- Fabriciinae indet. 6' association corresponded with minimum bivalve and maximum seaweed abundances. 相似文献
16.
漂浮海藻与海藻区系的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
区系是海藻生物地理研究的基本单位,是以一定时间、空间范围内的全部海藻为对象划分的生物地理单元,具有相对稳定的温度性质、物种组成和边界范围,且区系之间具有较明显的差异。然而,长期以来海藻的区系研究仅以定生的底栖海藻为研究对象,对于漂浮海藻则没有明确的定位。近年来世界各地漂浮海藻造成的藻华频发,在一些海域漂浮海藻已成为周期性存在,同时分子技术的发展为海藻生物地理学研究提供了有力的支撑,为追溯、比较漂浮海藻及其与定生海藻的关系提供了可靠的参考。漂浮海藻对于认识全球变化和人类活动对海藻分布、适应与进化的影响具有重要研究意义。本文结合漂浮海藻的特点和海藻生物地理学的基本研究方法探讨漂浮海藻与海藻区系的关系。 相似文献
17.
从枸杞岛海藻场和对照点贻贝场分别采取表层及底层水样,利用细菌通用引物,提取样品总DNA进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增,采用16SrDNA文库技术,对其细菌群落进行鉴定和分析。结果表明,海藻场表层和底层细菌群落分为5和6个门,贻贝场表层和底层细菌群落分为3和4个门,海藻场中细菌分类门数多于贻贝场内,优势菌均为变形细菌门,分别占克隆文库的比例为40.7%、50%、59.1%和48.1%。γ-变形菌纲为变形细菌门的优势亚群,各个文库中均含有许多未确定其分类的序列,即含有许多未被认知的微生物类群。变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门为所有水样共有,但在水层垂直分布及不同地理位置间存在较大差异。不同功能类群可能与其特殊生境密切相关。 相似文献
18.
大型海藻龙须菜凋落物分解对水质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)规模栽培具有重要的经济和环境效益, 但藻体的凋落分解会对栽培区和邻近海域水环境造成一定影响。为探讨龙须菜凋落对水环境的影响, 本文通过45d的室内受控实验, 评估了龙须菜凋落分解过程中水体溶解氧和氮、磷的含量变化。结果发现, 干龙须菜实验组在实验期内水体溶解氧浓度显著降低(较对照组降低了82.81%); 水体氮、磷浓度显著提高, 总氮、总磷浓度较对照组分别上升了161.78%和759.93%。鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组在实验前中期(第0~21天)水体溶解氧浓度持续降低(较对照组降低了53.92%), 但在21d后又逐渐恢复至对照组水平; 其水体氮、磷浓度在实验中末期亦显著提高, 分解过程总氮、总磷浓度分别较对照组上升了36.65%和177.80%, 水体氮、磷变化曲线较干龙须菜组平缓且迟滞。鲜龙须菜凋落分解过程中的营养盐释放率低于干龙须菜, 沉积物对鲜龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有促进作用, 但对干龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有一定程度的减缓作用。龙须菜失重率、分解速率及营养盐释放率均呈现如下规律: 干龙须菜+海水组>干龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水组。依据上述结果, 建议在龙须菜规模栽培和收获过程中应及时打捞脱落或衰老藻体, 尤其对已收获的大型海藻应妥善处理, 避免大型海藻腐烂而导致水体污染。 相似文献