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1.
本研究利用总有机碳分析仪联用稳定同位素质谱仪（TOC-IRMS）技术，探讨了高温氧化法测试水体中溶解有机碳（Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC）含量及稳定碳同位素组成。根据溶解有机碳的组成特征，从氧化难易程度、分子结构等方面选取5种可溶于水的化合物：咖啡因、葡萄糖、邻苯二甲酸、乙酸钾和腐殖酸钠，配置成DOC溶液。通过改变溶液碳含量、氧化温度、通氧量大小，载气流速等参数，研究不同实验条件对DOC碳转化率及δ13C值的影响。TOC-IRMS在氧化温度850 ℃，通氧时长20 s（流速10 cm3/min），载气流速80 cm3/min的条件下，测得5种化合物不同浓度DOC溶液的平均碳转化率为95.69%~103.57%；δ13C值与标定参考值基本一致，差值范围为--0.82‰~0.55‰。在上述实验条件下，测得不同类型水样的DOC含量相对标准偏差小于3.7%，δ13C值的标准偏差小于0.2‰，结果表明TOC-IRMS联用在线高温氧化法测定不同类型水样的DOC含量和稳定碳同位素值满足测试精度要求。 相似文献
2.
海水中溶解有机碳（DOC）的测定 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本文论述了海水中溶解有机碳(DOC)的测定方法,对DOC的测定原理及氧化方法进行了讨论,并提出了妨碍海水中DOC测定准确度提高的因素,这对于建立高准确度和精密度的新分析方法具有重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
于2007-01-02对黄东海溶解有机碳(DOC)进行采样并用高温催化氧化法进行测定,分析了其质量浓度和平面分布特征。结果表明,DOC的质量浓度范围为0.440～2.491mg/L,平均质量浓度为(0.967±0.284)mg/L;DOC的平面分布呈现近岸高外海低的特征,近岸高值主要集中在长江口以南海域,主要受陆源输入的影响;外海DOC高值区主要集中在28°N以南,126°E以西的海域,来源于浮游植物的初级生产;东海东南部为DOC的低值区,主要受贫营养的黑潮水控制。垂直方向上,DOC由表到底变化较小,表层和10m层受生物活动影响质量浓度相对较高,底层高值主要来自于沉积物再悬浮的作用。 相似文献
4.
沉积物间隙水中的溶解有机碳(DOC)是沉积物有机质矿化过程中的中间产物[1],沉积物中的有机质通过微生物水解和(厌氧)发酵等方式溶解成各类具有不同分子量的有机化合物,通常总称为溶解有机碳,并释放到沉积物间隙水中.而溶解有机碳又进一步被细菌等微生物所利用,最终被氧化为溶解无机碳,完成有机质的矿化过程.因此,沉积物间隙水中DOC的浓度是消耗和生成之间平衡的结果[1].已有的研究表明,沉积物间隙水中DOC的含量显著高于底层水体中DOC的含量,导致其向底层水体的扩散;近期的研究也表明,来自海底沉积物的DOC通量是底层水体中DOC的重要来源,是海洋有机碳储库中的重要组成之一[2~4]. 相似文献
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DOC遥感研究进展——基于全球大河DOC与CDOM保守性特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前,溶解有机碳(DOC)遥感反演研究主要集中在河口及陆源影响较大的边缘海区,大多数是利用DOC与有色溶解有机物(CDOM)或DOC与盐度的经验关系获取。为了较好的理解DOC的遥感反演机理,收集了全球主要大河(流量排名前25中16条)及边缘海DOC与CDOM浓度与保守性分布状况,发现大多数河口CDOM呈现保守性分布,DOC呈现非保守性分布。基于DOC与CDOM保守性行为的主要影响因素分析以及研究海区的生物地球化学特征,论述了DOC遥感反演算法的研究进展,提出了DOC遥感反演需要考虑DOC受不同主要控制因素(如保守混合与生物作用等)的影响,并对这些控制因素进行量化。 相似文献
7.
目前在海洋生态环境监测领域,国内尚无快速、稳定、在线的溶解性有机碳(DOC)自动化测量方法。为此,提出了一种专门针对海水DOC在线分析的光电信号处理方法。首先,确保氧化发光产生的微弱光信号能够通过光电倍增管探测到,之后信号经过锁相放大、带通滤波等电路模块进行前期处理,并且在CPU中采用复合数字滤波算法进一步平滑降噪处理,最终该方法解决了DOC在线分析方法中微弱光电信号处理的难题。长期的海试比对试验数据表明:该方法的测量数据的平行度能够达到实验室方法的测量数据的85%,证明其具备在线分析的能力,而且该方法测量速度更快,因此具有很好的实用性。 相似文献
8.
目前,溶解有机碳(DOC)遥感反演研究主要集中在河口及陆源影响较大的边缘海区,大多数是利用DOC与有色溶解有机物(CDOM)或DOC与盐度的经验关系获取。为了较好的理解DOC的遥感反演机理,收集了全球主要大河(流量排名前25中16条)及边缘海DOC与CDOM浓度与保守性分布状况,发现大多数河口CDOM呈现保守性分布,DOC呈现非保守性分布。基于DOC与CDOM保守性行为的主要影响因素分析以及研究海区的生物地球化学特征,论述了DOC遥感反演算法的研究进展,提出了DOC遥感反演需要考虑DOC受不同主要控制因素(如保守混合与生物作用等)的影响,并对这些控制因素进行量化。 相似文献
9.
研究溶解有机碳(DOC)在海水和黄河水所组成的混合水中的迁移转化行为,结果表明,海水和已过滤黄河水混合时,DOC呈近似的保守性;海水与未过滤的黄河水混合时,DOC呈明显的非保守性。通过研究沉积物对DOC的解吸过程,发现沉积物在盐水中能解吸出DOC,随着盐度的增大,其解吸量也迅速增大。因此可以认为,DOC在河口区的非保守行为是DOC的絮凝和颗粒物的解吸共同作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
台湾海峡真光层有机碳动力学研究──DOC大幅度的日变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1994年8月和1995年2月在台湾海峡对DOC作定点连续观测,发现DOC日变化很大(2～4mg/dm3),且变化的幅度有季节差异和空间差异;DOC昼夜变化的总的规律是白天比晚上高,夜晚始终处于低值;依据DOC的昼夜变化可将DOC分为DOCnew和DOCold两部分;D0Cnew在真光层中快速地产生、消耗、再循环;DOCold则相对稳定,可从真光层底部输出;DOC的快速变化表明DOC的产生和被细菌消耗利用的速度都非常快.文中还尝试快速富丽叶变换(FFT)来分离引起DOC日变化的物理因子和生物因子,并依据实验结果讨论了初级生产力,微生物对DOC的利用,DOC输出生产力等问题. 相似文献
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本研究提出了一种用于检测海水中锌离子（Zn2+）含量的电化学检测方法。该方法首先应用水热法合成SiO2@PDA-Sb复合材料，然后将该复合材料修饰到玻碳电极上制备SiO2@PDA-Sb-Nafion/GCE，利用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法（DPASV）对珠江口海水水样中Zn2+进行测定。研究结果表明，Zn2+在SiO2@PDA-Sb-Nafion/GCE上具有较强的溶出峰。在最优条件下，SiO2@PDA-Sb-Nafion/GCE对Zn2+浓度在1~1 000 nmol/L范围内可实现灵敏、准确的检测，Zn2+的检测出限为0.71 nmol/L。加标回收率实验显示Zn2+加标回收率为93.19%~100.12%，表明该方法可应用于现场海水样品Zn2+测定。本方法具有电极制作简单、稳定性和抗干扰性良好，能够提高现有测定方法的检测限和精确度，在现场海水检测痕量Zn2+具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
13.
In December–January of 2010 the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton production characteristics was studied along transects
in the vicinity of the Greenwich meridian (I) and in the Drake Passage (II). On transect I, the surface chlorophyll a concentration and primary production varied from 0.11 up to 3.57 mg/m3 and from 4.38 up to 37.47 mgC/m3 per day, respectively. The chlorophyll a in the photosynthetic layer and the integrated primary production varied from 10.7 up to 66.1 mg/m2 and from 83 to 646 mgC/m2 per day, respectively. On transect II in the surface layer, the chlorophyll a concentration changed within the range of 0.09–1.02 mg/m3 and the primary production ranged from 2.08 to 9.49 mgC/m3. The integrated values ranged from 6.32 to 38.29 mg/m2 and from 41 to 221 mgC/m2 per day, respectively. The moderate means of themaximum quantum yield (F
v/F
m) on transects I and II (0.41 and 0.35, respectively) testify to the low activity of the phytoplankton’s photosynthetic apparatus.
The studied water areas in the Southern Ocean differed both in the phytoplankton biomass expressed in the chlorophyll a concentration values and in the conditions of the primary production formation. 相似文献
14.
Norio Ogura Akiyoshi Kamatani Nobutada Nakamoto Masaki Funakoshi Shizuo Iwata 《Journal of Oceanography》1975,31(1):43-47
Fluctuation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was studied during 1971–1972 at monthly intervals in surface layers of Sagami Bay. Concentration of DOC varied from 0.8 to 1.7 mgC/l in surface water (0 m). Maximum concentration of 1.7 mgC/l was observed in July 1971 and after then DOC decreased gradually to a minimum of 0.8 mgC/l in May 1972. The fluctuation of DOC during the observation periods seems to have close relations with those of water temperature and salinity. High DOC concentration found in summer months may be associated with bloom of phytoplankton or intrusion of seawater from Tokyo Bay and/or inland water containing high DOC. 相似文献
15.
氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子，在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多，但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl-，SO42-的离子色谱方法进行了优化，选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱，以3.5 mmol/L Na2CO3+1 mmol/L NaHCO3为流动相，可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl-检出限为0.29 mg/L，线性相关系数r2=0.999 2，对SO42-检出限为0.42 mg/L，线性相关系数r2=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%~102%，Cl-和SO42-的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高，可满足批量海水样品中Cl-与SO42-的准确测试。 相似文献
16.
Abundances and biomasses of planktonic ciliates and copepod nauplii, major components of the microzooplankton community, were investigated in the subarctic North Pacific and the Bering Sea in summer of 1997. Their regional variation was illustrated by demarcating the entire area into five regions. Ciliates always predominated both in abundance (>94%) and biomass (>78%) over nauplii. Regional means of ciliates in the water column were higher in the Alaskan Gyre (120 × 106 cells/m2) and the Western Subarctic Gyre (110 × 106 cells/m2) in terms of abundance, and rich in the Bering Sea Gyre (360 mgC/m2) and the Western Subarctic Gyre (340 mgC/m2) in terms of biomass. By contrast, standing crops of ciliates were poor in the Oyashio Region (67 × 106 cells/m2; 170 mgC/m2) and the Transition Region (64 × 106 cells/m2; 160 mgC/m2). The values of biomass reported here are generally in agreement with the values reported previously from the Bering Sea Gyre and the Alaskan Gyre but are considerably higher than the previous value found in the Western Subarctic Gyre. No significant correlations could be found between chlorophyll a crop and standing crops of ciliates and copepod nauplii over the entire subarctic North Pacific and the Bering Sea during this summer. 相似文献
17.
《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(5):499-515
Water column pCO2 and air-sea CO2 fluxes were studied during an 18-month period (May 1994–September 1995) in a coastal embayment affected by upwelling, located in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (Ria de Vigo and adjacent shelf). Overall, the region acted as a net annual atmospheric CO2 sink, with magnitude ranging from 0.54 mgC m−2d−1 in the Ria estuary to 22 mgC m−2d−1 offshore. During moderate upwelling and upwelling relaxation conditions the sampling area was a sink for atmospheric CO2. By contrast, during winter conditions and during intense upwelling the flux reversed towards the atmosphere. The relative influence of physical and biological processes on pCO2 was evaluated using two different approaches: firstly, statistical analysis of physico-chemical correlations, and secondly, a thermodynamic analysis in the oceanic CO2 system. Both methods yielded consistent results, showing that the main processes controlling seasonal and spatial pCO2 variability were the production and remineralization of organic matter, explaining ca. 70 % of the total variability. In the inner part of the embayment, air-sea CO2 exchange was mainly modulated by CO2 partial pressure gradient, whereas in the adjacent shelf, wind speed largely contributed to CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. 相似文献
18.
Spatial variability in the primary productivity in the East China Sea and its adjacent waters 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Primary productivity in the East China Sea and its adjacent area was measured by the13C tracer method during winter, summer and fall in 1993 and 1994. The depth-integrated primary productivity in the Kuroshio
Current ranged from 220 to 350 mgC m−2d−1, and showed little seasonal variability. High primary productivity (above 570 mgC m−2d−1) was measured at the center of the continental shelf throughout the observation period. The productivity at the station nearest
to the Changjiang estuary exhibited a distinctive seasonal change from 68 to 1,500 mgC m−2d−1. Depth-integrated primary productivity was 2.7 times higher in the shelf area than the rates at the Kuroshio Current. High
chlorophyll-a specific productivity (mgC mgChl.-a−2d−1) throughout the euphotic zone was mainly found in the shelf area rather than off-shelf area, probably due to higher nutrient
availability and higher activity of phytoplankton at the subsurface layer in the shelf area. 相似文献
19.
Microzooplankton (heterotrophic microplankton and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) and their herbivorous activity were estimated from dilution experiments in August 1998 during two Lagrangian drift experiments that sampled contrasting conditions—an upwelling/relaxation event along the shelf edge and an oligotrophic offshore filament. During upwelling/relaxation, heterotrophic microplankton were present at mean surface concentrations between 15,000 and 48,000 cells l−1. Heterotrophic nanoflagellate concentrations were between 200 and 700 cells ml−1 and the most abundant component of the heterotrophic microplankton was the aloricate choreotrich ciliates which increased dramatically in concentration from 6,000 to 24,000 cells l−1 during the first 4 days of the study. Total microzooplankton biomass reached a maximum of 39mgC.m−3. In the filament, which developed from the upwelling, cell concentrations were lower and averaged 4,500 cells l−1 for heterotrophic microplankton and 250 cells ml−1 for heterotrophic nanoflagellates. Total microzooplankton biomass was about 10–12mgC.m−3. Microzooplankton turned over between 40 and 85% of the phytoplankton standing stock, thereby consuming between 5 and 78mg phytoplankton carbon.m−3.d−1. The magnitude of this activity was highest during upwelling/relaxation and was positively correlated to heterotrophic nanoflagellate biomass and chlorophyll-a concentration but not heterotrophic microplankton biomass. The proportion of primary production grazed decreased from 160 to 59% d−1 during upwelling/relaxation and ranged between 60 and 90% d−1 in the filament. Microzooplankton herbivory within the euphotic zone increased from 684 to >2000mgC.m−2.d−1 during upwelling/relaxation and was between 327 and 802mgC.m−2.d−1 in the filament. Although microzooplankton herbivory was lower and less variable during the filament study, microzooplankton consumed on average 60% of the phytoplankton standing stocks which was higher than found during upwelling/relaxation. Microzooplankton assimilation efficiency ranged between 3 and 33% during upwelling/relaxation and between 0 and 13% in the filament. Our data demonstrate a close coupling between phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton herbivory in surface waters off the Galician Coast and suggest that microzooplankton may have been a significant sink for phytogenic carbon during August 1998. 相似文献
20.
A procedure is described for the analysis of the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in natural waters from marine and higher-salinity environments. Rapid (less than 5 min) and complete oxidation of DOC is achieved using a modification of previous photochemical oxidation techniques. The CO2 evolved from DOC oxidation can be collected in less than 10 min for isotopic analysis. The procedure is at present suitable for oxidation and collection of 1–5 μmol of carbon and has an associated blank of 0.1–0.2 μmol of carbon.Complete photochemical oxidation of DOC standards was demonstrated by quantitative recovery of CO2 as measured manometrically. Isotopic analyses of standards by photochemical and high-temperature sealed-tube combustion methods agreed to within 0.3.. Photochemical oxidation of DOC in a representative sediment pore-water sample was also quantitative, as shown by the excellent agreement between the photochemical and sealed-tube methods. The δ13C values obtained for pore-water DOC using the two methods of oxidation were identical, suggesting that the modified photochemical method is adequate for the isotopically non-fractionated oxidation of pore-water DOC.The procedure was evaluated through an analysis of DOC in pond and pore waters from a hypersaline microbial mat environment. Concentrations of DOC in the water column over the mat displayed a diel pattern, but the isotopic composition of this DOC remained relatively constant (average δ13C = −12.4.). Pore-water DOC exhibited a distinct concentration maximum in the mat surface layer, and δ13C of pore-water DOC was nearly 8. lighter at 1.5–2.0-cm depth than in the mat surface layer (0–0.5-cm depth). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in elucidating differences in DOC concentration and δ13C over biogeochemically relevant spatial and temporal scales. Carbon isotopic analysis of DOC in natural waters, especially pore waters, should be a useful probe of biogeochemical processes in recent environments. 相似文献