共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 118 毫秒
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气体水合物是一种笼状的包含甲烷气分子的晶状化合物 ,最常见的晶体结构是４６个水分子包围８个甲烷分子。在特殊的热力学条件下 ,陆上永冻层之下和近海地区特别是水深５００ｍ以下的沉积层都能形成大量气体水合物。大洋钻探在深海环境的海底浅部已发现水合物。随着石油勘探向深海区的迅速发展 ,要研究被动大陆边缘就必须对天然气水合物的重要性进行评价。本文的主要目的是 :首先认为天然气水合物是一种可能的烃类资源 ,第二是讨论海洋勘探中天然气水合物的潜在影响及其利用潜力。１气体水合物资源气体水合物被科学界认为是下一个世纪主要的… 相似文献
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放养密度对大杂交鲟大规格鱼种血液生理生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大杂交鲟大规格鱼种(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟含,初始体重约243g/尾)为实验材料,研究在6、9、12和15kg/m~34个放养密度条件下,饲养70d后,其血液生理生化指标的变化情况。结果表明,高密度产生的拥挤胁迫能引起大杂交鲟鱼种血液生理指标和主要生化指标发生明显的改变。随着放养密度的升高,血红蛋白浓度升高,白细胞数目、淋巴细胞数目、中性粒细胞数目、血栓细胞数量增加,说明鱼体自身处于免疫应激状态;红细胞数目在最高密度条件下降低,说明呼吸能力在高密度养殖备件下受到抑制;鱼体内血清中总蛋白、尿酸和尿素浓度随着放养密度增大显著升高(P0.05),葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度随密度增大而降低(P0.05),表明高密度养殖对大杂交鲟血液和体内消化酶活力具有一定负面影响;鱼体内血清中的谷丙转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶三种酶活性也随着放养密度增大而显著增大(P0.05),而总胆红素浓度随着放养密度的增大而显著降低(P0.05),这均表明过高放养密度下鱼体肝脏组织受到一定损伤。本文研究结果显示该规格下大杂交鲟的适宜放养密度不超过12kg/m~3,否则对鱼类血液生理和血清生化组份均产生不良影响。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）在不同盐度（4，18，32）和温度（22-26℃）水体中养殖，分别于1，5，15和30d后取样，进行不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾血淋巴免疫生理指标比较。结果表明：盐度对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力均有显著影响（P〈0．05）。盐度由32渐变至设定盐度后，实验前期（15d之内），盐度4和18组凡纳滨对虾上述各项指标均呈现一定的波动趋势，至15d后趋于稳定；盐度32组在整个实验过程中基本稳定。稳定后的各项指标均表现在盐度18时最高，盐度4时次之，盐度32时最低。 相似文献
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考虑混凝土结构全寿命设计的多目标要求,提出结构全寿命设计指标由核心指标和绿色指标两个层次构成。将结构的性能指标、经济指标、时间指标作为全寿命设计的核心指标;将CO2排放量指标、用户满意度指标和可持续发展能力指标作为结构设计的绿色指标。提出混凝土结构全寿命设计需以结构的性能设计为中心,并将结构的性能指标分为风险性能指标、技术性能指标、材料性能指标三类。针对结构性能退化的特点,建议了有害介质扩散深度、钢筋锈蚀率、锈胀裂缝宽度作为耐久性的设计指标,同时定义了退化率指标γt用以反映结构性能退化的程度。在此基础上建立了结构全寿命设计的指标体系,为结构设计人员进行全寿命优化设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物的污染指示作用和监测方法 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
沉积物的区域环境污染指示作用归因于沉积物对海洋污染信息的放大作用和沉积物对海洋污染事件的空间统计代表与时间记录有序性。利用这些独具优势，相对其他环境要素监测，沉积物监测能以较小采样样本和较低采样频率可靠地反映较大时空尺度内海洋环境的污染“气候”变化，即反映区域海洋环境质量状态和趋势变化，针对如何发掘和利用沉积物同潜在环境指示作用，文中还重点讨论了实施沉积物监测的方法和技术，它们包括确立背景值以判断 相似文献
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The target reliability index has been effectively used as the best solution to deal with the relationship between the structural safety and the optimal economy in any structural design. However, the target reliability index for off-shore jacket platforms based on different sea areas in China has never been calibrated. This paper presents an approach for its calibration, and suggests many kinds of associated load cases. The uncertainties of loads and structural resistance are mainly investigated. The target reliability index for structural components, tubular joints and piles of offshore jacket platforms are discussed respectively in detail. Finally, through the calibrated results from the offshore jacket platforms of QK18-1, JZ20-2, SZ36-1 and BZ28-1 in the Bohai Bay, it is proposed to adopt 2.8 as the target reliability index of offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay for a 25-year design period. The results provide significant reference for the design of offshore jacket platforms. 相似文献
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For the fulfillment of the probability-based structural design for the offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay, the design factors of loads, resistance and load combinations are much necessary to be calibrated according to the proposed target reliability index. Firstly, the limit states function for the offshore jacket platforms is introduced. Then, four approaches to calibrate the factors of load and resistance are presented and compared. Afterwards, the methods to calibrate the load combination factors are developed. Finally, the factors of load, resistance and load combination for the offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay are calibrated and the corresponding design formulae are recommended. The results are proved to be rational in practice, and also illustrate that the proposed target reliability index for offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay is also appropriate. 相似文献
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For the fulfillment of the probability-based structural design for the offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Bay, the design factors of loads, resistance and load combinations are much necessary to be calibrated according to the proposed target reliability index. Firstly, the limit states function for the offshore jacket platforms is introduced. Then, four approaches to calibrate the factors of load and resistance are presented and compared. Afterwards, the methods to calibrate the load combination factors... 相似文献
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Efficient Approximate Method of Global Reliability Analysis for Offshore Platforms in the Ice Zone 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ice load is the dominative load in the design of offshore platforms in the ice zone, and the extreme ice load is the key factor that affects the safety of platforms. The present paper studies the statistical properties of the global resistance and the extreme responses of the jacket platforms in Bahai Bay, considering the randomness of ice load, dead load, steel elastic modulus, yield strength and structural member dimensions. Then, based on the above results, an efficient approximate method of the global reliability analysis for the offshore platforms is proposed, which converts the implicit nonlinear performance function in the conventional reliability analysis to linear explicit one. Finally, numerical examples of JZ20-2 MSW, JZ20-2NW and JZ20-2 MUQ offshore jacket platforms in the Bahai Bay demonstrate the satisfying efficiency, accuracy and applicability of the proposed method. 相似文献
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A system reliability estimation method for spatial jacket platforms is developed in this paper,The jacket platform is modeled into three-dimensional assembly of spatial beam and plate elements in Fi-nite Element Method(FEM).The limit failure states correspond to collapse of a series of structural mem-bers which are identified by engineering design criteria.In this paper the following aspects are taken intoaccount:the punching shear and buckiing failures in member failure modes for the tubular joints and tubu-lar columns respectively;incremental loading approach for establishment of the safety margin equations ofsystem failure;the algorithm of enumerating significant failure modes for the structural systems and otherconcepts,such as the false failure mode and the virtual limit state.The final work is devoted to the reliabili-ty analysis for a practical jacket platform presently put into operation on the Bohai Sea.The computed re-sults shows that method suggested in this paper is feasible and effective for 相似文献
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海洋平台优化设计的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
结构优化是结构设计理论的重要发展,随着“十五”渤海大油田勘探开发战略的实施,结构优化技术将在新型抗冰振平台设计中发挥重要作用。从静力优化设计、动力优化设计、基于可靠度优化设计、全寿命优化设计四个方面论述了海洋平台结构优化设计的研究现状,并展望了海洋平台优化设计的研究前景。 相似文献
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1 .IntroductionThe structural design method has evolvedfromthe workingstress method,damage stage methodtolimit state method.The more recent probabilisticlimit state design method,whichis based onreliabili-tytheory,has beengenerallyacceptedinthe designcode… 相似文献
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Economy and ice-resistance are two factors that must be considered in the design of offshore oil platforms in the Bohai Gulf. This paper focuses on the optimal design of ice-resistant offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in consideration of fatigue life of tubular joints, with the minimum initial weight and satisfying dynamic properties. An efficient fatigue analysis procedure based on spectral analysis is proposed, in which a hybrid finite element model is adopted to simulate the jacket platform and the tubular joints, and the pseudo-excitation method is used to calculate the power spectral density of the hot spot stress. Finally, a practical jacket platform with an ice-breaking cone in the Bohai Gulf is optimized, and the results demonstrate that the fatigue life of tubular joints could be improved and the weight of jackets decreased simultaneously. 相似文献
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—By means of nonlinear pushover collapse analysis approach,the aseismic reliability analysesof two offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in China are studied according to their ocean locationand environmental loadings there.On the basis of those analyses,an aseismic reliability analysis approachis presented.The results show that the aseismic reliability of those platforms is high.Also it is proved thatthis aseismic reliability analysis approach is simple,practical and reliable. 相似文献
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1.IntroductionLoad and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD)isthe commonly adoptedreliability-based designfor-mat for structural design(CNE,1990;AAHTO,1994;OMTC,1983;CMC,1984).Code calibra-tionforthe LRFDformat is a processto determinethetarget reliability by de… 相似文献