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人类活动导致臭氧层变薄和混合层变浅，迫使混合层的浮游植物暴露在更高的紫外辐射下。实验以中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）为研究对象，在自然光照条件下，通过在暗盒上方覆盖不同的截止型滤光板，获得不同波段紫外辐射，探讨不同紫外波段对其生理特性的影响。本实验通过在室外培养，模拟赤潮爆发状态，对中肋骨条藻进行7种不同紫外波段的处理（分别使用280、300、320、340、360、380、400 nm截止型滤光板）。实验结果表明：紫外辐射会显著抑制中肋骨条藻的光合固碳速率，随着紫外波段逐步被滤除，光合固碳速率越来越高；>280 nm和>300 nm波段下的比生长率显著低于>400 nm波段处理；280 nm~300 nm波段紫外对叶绿素a有显著的漂白效应，同时也会显著减少类胡萝卜素的含量；这表明紫外辐射对中肋骨条藻的抑制效应主要是紫外辐射B导致的，而紫外辐射A的作用不显著。在估测浮游植物海洋初级生产力的过程中，紫外辐射的作用往往被忽视。 相似文献
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为探讨UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响，研究了短期(2d)UV-B辐射对金藻8701、小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻3种藻单养的敏感性比较以及长期(21d)UV-B辐射对3种藻混养的种间竞争性平衡的影响。实验表明，(1)UV-B条件下。单养和混养情况下，最敏感的藻是金藻8701，小新月菱形藻次之，亚心形扁藻最不敏感；(2)增强的UV-B为对UV-B具有高耐受力的亚心形扁藻提供了竞争优势，使种间竞争平衡向着有利于亚心形扁藻的方向发展，到第21天，UV-B辐射(2．88J／m^2，5．76J／m^2)的处理组中，亚心形扁藻成为优势种。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(6)
为研究长茎葡萄蕨藻的培养条件,通过温度、光照、盐度以及不同营养盐(硝酸钠NaNO_3、硝酸铵NH_4NO_3、尿素CO(NH_2)_2、碳酸氢铵NH_4HCO_3)四个方面探索对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长的影响。结果表明,长茎葡萄蕨藻适宜的温度范围为21~27℃,最适温度为27℃,在此温度条件下其相对生长率(RGR)最大为3.63%·d~(-1);适宜的光照范围为72.73~145.45μmol·m~(-2)s~(-1),最适光照为109.09~145.45μmol·m~(-2)s~(-1),2个光照强度下,相对生长率差异不显著;最适的盐度范围为27.5~32.5‰,随盐度的继续升高,长茎葡萄蕨藻RGR呈下降趋势。通过4种不同营养盐(NaNO_3、NH_4NO_3、CO(NH_2)_2、NH_4HCO_3)的培养实验得出,其最适浓度分别为10~20mg·L~(-1)、10~20mg·L~(-1)、10~30mg·L~(-1)、10~30mg·L~(-1)。不同营养盐的对比结果显示,硝酸盐(硝酸钠NaNO_3、硝酸铵NH_4NO_3)更能促进长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长;浓度为20mg·L~(-1 )NH_4NO_3条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻的相对生长率(RGR)最高。 相似文献
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本文研究测定了卤水浓度、营养盐、温度、光照强度、pH等环境因子对盐田藻垫生长的影响。提出了利于藻垫生长的上述环境因子的最适范围及最适点：1．卤水浓度为6—12°Be。2．在无机氮0～8mg／L，无机磷0～0．8mg／L的范围内，藻垫生长随营养盐浓度的增加而增加。3．温度为30℃。4．在自然条件下，光照越强越有利于藻垫生长。5．pH为8．5。 相似文献
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不同N水平条件下羊栖菜对阳光辐射的响应 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
探讨了太阳紫外辐射对两种 N 水平条件下羊栖菜藻体光化学特性的影响及其恢复.结果显示,在高的光辐射下羊栖菜藻体的有效光化学效率和相对电子传递速率急剧下降,两种 N 水平条件下藻体的光化学活性下降趋势一致;在全波长太阳辐射条件 ( 即高的光辐射和紫外辐射同时存在 ) 下它们的下降幅度更大,而 N 加富条件下羊栖菜藻体的相对电子传递速率要高于对照 N 水平下生长的藻体,表明 N 加富的生长条件使得藻体具有更高抵御紫外辐射的能力,这可能是与 N 加富生长条件下的藻体中含有较高含量的紫外吸收物质和类胡萝卜素有关.在低光恢复过程中,全波长辐射处理藻体的有效光化学效率比可见光辐射处理藻体的恢复要慢 ( 分别为 6 h 和 3 h 可恢复到起始水平 );而相对电子传递速率的恢复能力则比有效光化学效率的恢复能力更弱,需要 24 h 或者更长的时间. 相似文献
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紫外辐射增强常导致藻类体内活性氧成分的产生,从而损伤藻类光合器官,引起藻类光抑制。马尾藻（Sargassum）金潮近些年在世界多地频繁暴发,金潮暴发时,漂浮于海面的藻体接受更多的紫外辐射,但金潮藻应对这种紫外胁迫的生理学机制尚不明确。本研究以中国金潮种——铜藻（Sargassum horneri）为研究对象,在实验室条件下,以太阳模拟器提供光源,设置P（光合有效辐射,Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, 400～700 nm, 200 W/m2）、PA (PAR+UVA （紫外线A, Ultraviolet A）, 320～700 nm)和PAB (PAR+UVA+UVB （紫外线B, Ultraviolet B）, 280～700 nm),探讨了紫外辐射下铜藻的光合活性变化和抗氧化应激响应。结果显示,3种光辐射处理下,藻体光合活性均受到抑制,最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）都随辐射时间延长而逐渐降低,降低幅度为PAB>PA>P。后继的240 min低光P（PAR... 相似文献
9.
UV-B辐射对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
研究了UV－B辐射对两种海洋微藻－小新月菱形藻（Ntzschia closterlum)和亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiforming)的抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：在本实验的辐射剂量范围内，随着UV－B辐射剂量的增强，两种藻的抗氧化防御系统的非酶性组分还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和类胡萝卜素（CAR）的含量随之下降；抗氧化防御系统的酶性组分超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性逐渐降低。加入外源性抗氧化剂GSH可减轻UV－B辐射对藻的伤害。分析表明海洋微藻的UV－B伤害是由于抗氧化防御系统遭到破坏而导致活性氧积累的结果。 相似文献
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通过在高度富营养化的海水泻湖——厦门贸彗湖开展龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）的延绳夹苗挂养与网笼挂养实验和室内端足类啃食海藻实验，探讨了影响筼筜湖龙须菜生长的主要因素。结果显示，筼筜湖龙须菜的表观生长率为0．42％／d，实际生长率为4．80％／d，强壮藻钩虾（Ampithoe valida）的摄食量占龙须菜总生长量的91．4％。而且，筼筜湖的水流缓慢，使藻体附着最高可达2．32g／gFw的颗粒物，明显抑制了龙须菜的生长。以上研究表明，端足类的啃食作用和不良的水动力条件是导致筼筜湖龙须菜表观生长率低的主要原因。 相似文献
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The effect of UV-B radiation enhancement at experimental doses of 0.00,0.24,0.48,0.72,0.96,and 1.20 kJ/m 2 on the population dynamics of the rotifer Brachionus urceus feeding on the alga Chlorella sp.was studied under controlled laboratory conditions using clonal culture and life-table techniques.The results show that UV-B radiation treatment significantly shortened the survival time of the rotifer (P <0.05): The longest survival time (336 h) occurred in the control (0.00 kJ/m 2 ) while the shortest (222 h) occurred when exposed to the highest UV-B radiation treatment (1.20 kJ/m 2 ).The fecundity of the rotifer B.urceus was enhanced by the lower UV-B radiation treatment (0.24 and 0.48 kJ/m 2 ) but inhibited by the higher treatments (0.96 and 1.20 kJ/m 2 ).Life expectancy also was obviously affected by UV-B radiation (P <0.05).The highest life expectancy occurred in the control (0.00 kJ/m 2 ),and it became shorter with increasing doses of UV-B radiation.The resutls in the present study indicate that the life expectancy of the rotifer B.urceus can be used as an indicator for UV-B radiation enhancement. 相似文献
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UV radiation is known to affect aquatic primary producers and their grazers. However, little has been documented on its effects on zooplankton grazing. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm), ultraviolet-A (UV-A, 320-400 nm) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation on grazing, mortality and lipids oxidation of the copepod Acartia pacifica collected from the Xiamen Bay. After 30 min of the exposures, the copepod was fed in darkness with the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at two cell concentrations (2.5 × 10 4 and 2.5 × 10 5 cells/ml). At the low cell concentration, the individuals pre-exposed to PAR (218.0 W/m 2 )+UV-A (48.2 W/m 2 ) or PAR+UV-A+UV-B (2.1 W/m 2 ) showed suppressed clearance and grazing activities compared with those receiving PAR alone, by 22.7% and 17.1% for clearance and by 22.6% and 5.5% for grazing rates, respectively. However, the suppression on clearance and grazing became indistinctive at the high food concentration. Exposures to UV-A and UV-B led to increased lipid oxidation and higher mortality, furthermore, the mortality linearly increased with enhanced oxidation of lipid. 相似文献
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饲料维生素C对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单因子实验设计方法，进行了饲料中添加维生素C对花鲈幼鱼生长（增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料效率）、免疫反应（血清中溶菌酶活性和血清总补体活性）和组织中维生素C积累量影响的研究。结果表明，随着饲料中维生素C添加量由0提高到98．9mg／kg，花鲈的增重率和特定生长率显著提高。以特定生长率为指标，花鲈最佳生长性能的饲料维生素C添加量为103.0mg／kg左右；饲料中维生素C添加量在0-98．9mg／kg时，花鲈幼鱼肌肉和肝脏中维生素C的积累量随饲料中维生素C的增加而显著增加（P〈0．05），花鲈幼鱼获得最大肝脏和肌肉中维生素C的积累量时，饲料中维生素C最低添加量为97．2mg／kg和105.0mg／kg；花鲈幼鱼血清溶菌酶和总补体活性随着维生素C添加量的增加而显著升高，维生素C添加量达到396．4mg／kg时，血清溶菌酶和总补体活性较高。综上所述，花鲈生长和免疫的维生素C适宜添加量为400mg／kg左右。 相似文献
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Abstract The ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity of five species of freshwater zooplankton (three Cladocera, two Copepoda) were investigated. The animals were exposed to varying levels of UV‐radiation in a sunshine‐simulator and the UV doses for 10 and 50% mortality (LD10, LD50) were estimated using a dose‐response model. To place these doses in context they were compared with modelled clear‐sky surface UV irradiances in New Zealand. The cladocerans Daphnia carinata and Ceriodaphnia dubia were sensitive to levels of UVB irradiance of LD10 = 18–25 kJ m?2 and LD50 = 35–37 kJ m?2. These sensitivities are consistent with published values for other cladocera. In contrast a third cladoceran, Bosmina meridionalis, exhibited no higher mortality over the full range of the cumulative UVB‐doses used (3–40 kJ m?2) than controls receiving no UV exposure. The copepod Boeckella delicata showed the highest UV‐sensitivity of all organisms tested (LD10 = 7 kJ m?2, LD50 = 33 kJ m?2) whereas for Boeckella triarticulata, which was more heavily pigmented than B. delicata, no UV‐induced mortality was observed. Under natural conditions UV irradiances of up to 100 kJ m?2 day?1 can fall on the surface of New Zealand lakes. Although this is attenuated in natural waters, these data suggest that UVB irradiance may be a significant ecological variable to some zooplankton species. 相似文献
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密度胁迫对日本囊对虾生长和水环境的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨密度胁迫对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)生长、存活及水质因子的影响, 作者设置了100尾/m2(DD)、200 尾/m2(GD)、400 尾/m2(GZ)、600 尾/m2(GG)4个养殖密度, 分析了不同养殖密度下日本囊对虾的生长量、存活率、肥满度及水质因子的差异。结果表明, 实验所监测的水质因子均在对虾生长的安全阈值内, 氨态氮、亚硝态氮、总氮和总磷含量表现出随养殖密度增加逐渐升高的趋势; 体长和体质量增长量、存活率与养殖密度呈负相关, 其中存活率处理间均达到极显著水平(P< 0.01), 且当养殖密度高于200尾/m2时存活率迅速降低; 低养殖密度(DD)处理的对虾肥满度与其他处理间差异均达到显著水平(P< 0.01)。因此, 在相似养殖条件下, 日本囊对虾的适宜养殖密度应该不高于200尾/m2。本实验过程中, 各处理间水质因子均在对虾生长的适宜范围内, 说明水质不是造成对虾死亡的主要原因。所以, 推测密度胁迫可能是造成日本囊对虾存活率低的主要原因。 相似文献
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坛紫菜耐低盐品系的选育与特性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本实验室采用人工诱变技术获得一个坛紫菜耐低盐品系(YZ-7),为了验证该品系的耐低盐性状能否遗传,本文对其壳孢子和F1叶状体的低盐耐受性分别进行了测试,并以坛紫菜野生品系(WT)作为对照,结果表明:在不同盐度下培养2周的YZ-7和WT的壳孢子,在26盐度组存活率无显著差异;在15盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和假根发生率分别比WT提高了34%和35%;在8和5盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率、分裂率及假根发生率分别比WT提高了65%、32%和62%,以及137%、80%和154%;在3盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和分裂率分别比WT提高了458%和171%,其中约44.9%的YZ-7壳孢子萌发体能形成假根,而WT的壳孢子萌发体基本上不长假根。在26盐度中培养35d后的F1叶状体再分别在26、15、8、5和3盐度下培养30d,YZ-7叶状体的特定生长率分别为WT的1.7、1.9、1.5、1.6和1.6倍,绝对生长率分别是WT的3.4、4.1、1.8、2.0和1.6倍。此外,YZ-7叶状体的叶绿素荧光活性(PSⅡ最大光量子产量、实际光量子产量)及三种主要光合色素(叶绿素a、藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白)的含量也明显高于WT。上述结果证实,坛紫菜选育品系YZ-7是一个耐低盐且生长快的优良品系,其优良性状可稳定传递给下一代,有望被培育成适宜栽培的新品种。 相似文献
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提要应用BLAST程序和DNAstar软件,比较分析了5株副溶血弧菌和其他细菌的16S—23S rDNA间区序列,选取IGSIA作为扩增靶区,结合相邻的16S rDNA序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物,通过优化扩增条件,建立了快速检测副溶血弧菌的PCR方法,对其特异性和敏感性进行了探讨,并初步进行了应用研究。结果表明,新建的PCR方法能特异性地扩增出大小为306bp和552bp的2条带,分别对应于副溶血弧菌的IGS0和IGSIA,检测灵敏度为5.6×102CFU/ml,半个工作日即可得到准确的结果,能有效检测出在杂色鲍、凡纳滨对虾和各种水质中的副溶血弧菌,适用于海洋水产动物副溶血弧菌病的早期快速诊断、水产品的检疫及水质环境的监测。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus released in the process of the decomposition of giant jellyfish in the laboratory and found the evidence to verify the influence of nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish on the ecosystem in the field. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai was examined in a series of experiments under different incubation conditions such as different p H values, salinity values, temperatures and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The results showed that the complete decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai generally took about 4–8 d. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai could be divided into two stages: the early stage and the later stage, although the efflux rate of nitrogen was one order more than phosphorus. In the early stage of the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in seawater increased rapidly, and the concentration of nitrogen could reach the highest level in the whole degradation process. In the later stage of the decomposition, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and total nitrogen declined slowly, while the concentration of phosphorus in water could reach a maximum in the degradation process. High p H, low salinity,high temperature and N/P will promote the release of nitrogen; low p H is unfavorable to the release of nitrogen but favorable to the release of phosphorus. In addition, we found the concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in the bottom water were higher than those in the surface water during the period of jellyfish bloom in the Jiaozhou Bay, proving that nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish have significant influence on nitrogen and phosphorus in the field. For the whole Yellow Sea, nutrients released by jellyfish carcasses may reach up to(2.63±2.98)×107 mol/d of dissolved nitrogen(DN) and(0.74±0.84)×106 mol/d of dissolved phosphorus(DP) during the period of jellyfish bloom. The values are comparable to riverine inputs in a day, but much higher than sediment–water exchange flux in the Yellow Sea. The great amounts of nutrients must have significant influence on the nutrients balance of the Yellow Sea during the period of jellyfish dead and decomposition. Both the experimental data and field observations proved that the decomposition of jellyfish may release a great amount of nutrient to the surrounding environment during the period of jellyfish decomposition. 相似文献
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将抗高致病性副溶血弧菌(Vibrioparahaemolyticus)特异性卵黄抗体(AHPND-VpIgY)应用于育苗生产,通过测定氨氮、亚硝酸盐、细菌总数、弧菌总数、相对保护率和育苗成活率,评价了AHPND-VpIgY在育苗期对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)幼体的保护效果。结果表明,0.1g/m3和0.2g/m3AHPND-VpIgY组的相对保护率为35.7%和57.2%,两者均显著高于非特异性卵黄抗体组(P0.05);两组的育苗成活率为50.8%和57.2%,比对照组分别提高19.1%和25.6%。各实验组氨氮、亚硝酸盐、细菌总数及弧菌总数与对照组无显著差异,对水质无影响。综上,特异性的AHPND-VpIgY能在不改变水质的前提下,有效提高凡纳滨对虾幼体的存活率、相对保护率和育苗成活率,从而提高凡纳滨对虾苗种产量和质量。 相似文献