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厦门同安湾、西海域渔业管理目标的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用Schaefer和Fox剩余产量模型及其由此衍生的生物经济模型和Gulland最适产量Y0.1模型,分别估算了厦门同安湾和西海域的最大持续产量、最大持续捕捞力量、最适产量、最适捕捞力量、最大经济产量、最大经济捕捞力量、最大经济效益,并对各模型计算的诸项经济指标进行比较,建立了3种模式渔业管理.根据厦门同安湾、西海域渔业实际情况和渔业发展趋势,提出了3种管理目标的实施步骤,并结合厦门市建设海湾型城市规划从经济学角度利用行政手段对西部海域、同安湾海域的管理进行初步探讨. 相似文献
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厦门海域渔业资源评估 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以初级生产力和渔业统计资料为材 ,分别应用Tait沿岸海域生态系能流分析法、营养动态法和Cushing等 3种模式 ,估算厦门沿岸海域的渔业资源自然生产量。同时 ,分别应用Schaefer和Fox两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。前 3种模式估算该海域的资源生产量分别为 2 0 1 0 5t,1 8463t和 1 7489t,平均 1 8686t。后两种模式估算最大持续产量平均值分别为 9639t和 91 0 4t。估算的最大持续捕捞力量 :5种作业综合总功率为 1 5976kW ;以厦门机定置渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 2 7351kW ;以厦门机刺网渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 432 1 3kW。 1 997年实际渔获量和捕捞力量均超过了估算的最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。文中还讨论了捕捞力量的调整问题。 相似文献
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山东省海洋渔业结构调整研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对山东省海洋渔业现状进行了全面调查、研究与分析的基础上,用灰色模型理论,模拟预测山东省渔业发展的特性与趋势;运用平衡产量和经济模型分别评估了山东省海洋捕捞的最高持续渔产量与最大持续经济产量及其相应努力量;运用线性规划的理论与方法,测算了各档次渔船的功率和船只匹配的优化估算值。依据该数值模型所作的评估结果,提出了对山东海洋渔业结构的调整意见。 相似文献
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西北太平洋柔鱼资源综合配置模型及管理策略探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
柔鱼是我国远洋渔业重要的捕捞对象之一,如何综合考虑生态效益、经济效益和社会效益来科学制定渔业管理目标是确保柔鱼资源可持续利用的重要研究内容。本研究以Gordon-Schaefer生物经济模型为理论基础,利用1996—2008年我国鱿钓船在西北太平洋海域捕捞柔鱼的生产数据以及相关的经济数据,以生态效益(最大持续产量,MSY)、经济效益(最大经济产量,MEY)和社会效益(生物经济平衡点,BE)作为西北太平洋柔鱼资源优化配置的基础数据,考虑三个效益的不同权重建立了柔鱼资源综合配置模型,模拟不同备选方案下柔鱼的短期(1—5年)、中期(10年)及长期(20年)的渔业资源状况、经济效益及其社会效益。结果表明,西北太平洋柔鱼资源已处于充分利用状态,但尚未遭受过度捕捞;以方案8(MSY、MEY各占50%权重为管理目标)和方案2(MEY为管理目标)的中长期经济效益为最大,且资源状况保持最好,但社会效益较低;以方案3(BE为管理目标)的当前及短期效益较大,可以解决社会就业问题,但长期经济效益为最低,且资源状况最差;综合考虑各方面因素,最佳的备选方案为方案8和方案2,即适宜捕捞努力量应控制在3.94万—4.19万船次,可确保柔鱼资源量稳定在BMSY以上。 相似文献
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海冰热力模式的辐射参数化方案在渤海和波罗的海应用的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了海冰热力模式中的各种辐射参数化方案,对比了模式计算的太阳短波辐射、大气长波辐射以及海冰热力变化,并利用渤海和波罗的海观测资料进行比较和误差分析.冬季大部分时间太阳短波辐射对海冰热力过程的作用有限.简单计算方案一般满足海冰模式要求.误差主要受云和冰雪表面与大气之间的多重反射影响.长波辐射对表面热平衡和海冰质量变化起重要作用.长波辐射参数化方案的计算结果受环境因素影响.云量参数化有待进一步改进.海冰模式计算结果的精度与长波辐射计算精度有一致性. 相似文献
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验证了QSCAT/NCEP混合风场,并将其作为SWAN模式的驱动风场。以南黄海海域作为目标区域,对SWAN模式在陆架浅水区有效波高的模拟能力进行了研究。研究表明,默认参数下SWAN模式计算的有效波高较JASON-1卫星高度计数据偏小,最大偏差达0.6 m。通过对SWAN模式中各物理过程的分析,确定模式计算值偏小的原因是白浪耗散过大。采用参数修正法对白浪耗散项进行改进,将SWAN模式计算有效波高的均方根误差降低到0.16 m以下,相关系数提高到0.85以上。选择2002年中具有代表性的4个月对改进后SWAN模式进行验证,结果显示SWAN模式在研究区域具有良好的稳定性和适用性。 相似文献
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厦门海域渔业资料评估 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以初级生产力和渔业统计资料为材,分别应用Ｔａｉｔ沿岸海域生态系统能流分析法、营养动态法和Ｃｕｓｈｉｎｇ等３种模式,枯算厦门沿岸海域的渔业资料自然生产量。同时,分别应用Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ和Ｆｏｘ两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。前３种模式估算该海域的资源生产量分别为２０１０５t,１８４６３t和１７４８９t, 平均１８６８６t。后两种模式估算最大持续产量平均值分别为９６３９t和９１０４t。估 相似文献
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山东沿海风暴潮敬戒水位确定的分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在分析山东沿海潮汐特征和风暴潮灾害的基础上，对风暴潮警戒水位确定的原则做了讨论，给出了确定风暴潮警戒水位的计算模式，并就山东沿岸主要港口城市的风暴潮警戒水位做了初步计算和分析。 相似文献
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台湾海峡海洋捕捞业管理策略和投资方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文收集了１９８５￣１９９４年福建省在台湾海峡生产的具有代表性的５０对拖网渔船、１２０艘单拖渔船、４８组灯光围网渔船、３８对大围缯渔船、３１艘定置网渔船的技术参数及生产资料，计算并分析了其适正捕捞力量、经济指标，得出了一些有益的结论：（１）根据台湾海峡渔业资源，把握正确的投资方向，已成为进一步发展海洋捕捞业的关键。（２）由于台湾海峡的渔业资源正遭受越来越大的压力，为了保护渔业资源，应当限制捕捞力量 相似文献
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限额捕捞试点工作逐步展开,预示着我国海洋渔业管理进入全面有序的管理时代。文章根据2008—2017年南海北部渔港渔业生产抽样调查数据,统计出南海北部金线鱼的产量主要来自刺网,占累计总产量的72.90%。剩余产量模型分析认为南海北部金线鱼的最大可持续产量在168 632.99~31 0518.85 t,平均为251 765.59 t。2017年实施最严格的休渔制度后,当年的捕捞努力量投入和渔业产量均未超过最适值,当前总可捕量可设为158 515 t。文章研究结果可为该鱼种限额捕捞政策实施提供参考。 相似文献
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Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) requires taking account of indirect effects (such as habitat destruction, incidental mortality, and competition between the fishery and marine mammals or birds) and dealing with non-commensurate values (such as yield from the fishery and production of offspring by the birds or mammals competing for the same resource). The perspective of EBFM requires that the rate of fishing mortality is less than the value that provides maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but the question is how far below this level should the fishery operate? For this problem in multiobjective programming, simple method of solution was developed and illustrated with the fishery for sandeels (Ammodytes spp.) in the Shetland Islands. The yield from the fishery at a given fishing mortality F is scaled by MSY (so that this quantity increases as fishing mortality increases from 0 to that giving MSY) and the breeding success of predators (black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea) at a given fishing mortality is scaled by that in the absence of fishing. The result is two non-dimensional quantities that can be combined into a single value function, which can then be explored or optimized. It is shown that a reduction of only about 20 percent in yield can nearly double the breeding performance of the more sensitive predator. Extensions of the method are discussed; these include the use of maximum economic yield (MEY) and state dependent life history, as implemented by stochastic dynamic programming. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
The western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) fishery has been facing significant economic pressure from increasing costs, lower prices as well as predicted reduced catches due to low recruitment. A maximum economic yield (MEY) assessment estimated the fishing effort that would maximise the net present value of profits over 2008/09–2013/14 was about 50%–70% reduction of 2007/08 effort. The assessment accounted for fixed vessel costs and the variable pot lift cost. An important component of this assessment was the use of puerulus settlement time series that provided a reliable predictor of recruitment to the fishery 3–4 years later. This can be contrasted to most MEY assessments that would use an average catch-effort relationship rather than taking into account the expected recruitment. This predictive ability has been particularly useful as there has been a period of unusually low puerulus settlements over the 5 years (2006/07–2010/11) including the lowest two settlements in the 40-year time series. Due to the low settlements, substantial management changes were implemented in 2008/09 and 2009/10 (44% and 73% reduction in nominal fishing effort, respectively compared to 2007/08) to maintain the breeding stock at sustainable levels by having a significant carryover of legal lobsters into future years of lower recruitment. These effort reductions provided a unique opportunity to assess the economic impact of a fishery moving to an MEY effort level over two years. The CPUE increased from 1.1 kg/pot lift in 2007/08 to 1.7 and 2.7 in 2008/09 and 2009/10, respectively. These CPUEs were much higher than the expected levels (1.2 and 1.1, respectively) if the 2007/08 effort had been maintained in these two years. The vessel numbers declined by 14% and 36% in 2008/09 and 2009/10, respectively, compared to 2007/08. The fishery profit increased by AUS$13 and 49 million for 2008/09 and 2009/10, respectively, compared to that estimated if the 2007/08 effort level had continued. This assessment demonstrates the economic benefits of fishing at a level close to that estimated for MEY under an input management regime. The management decision-rule framework is currently based on having the egg production above a threshold reference level to ensure sustainability and now a target reference point based on MEY principles is also being considered. 相似文献
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福建近海五种主要捕捞作业适宜捕捞力量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据福建省定置、拖、围、刺、钓五种捕捞作业在本省近海的捕捞力量和渔获量,并以１９９４年单位功率的渔捞效率为基准进行逐年捕捞力量的标准化,应用Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ和Ｆｏｘ两同电脑分别估算它们的ｆＭＳＹ和ＭＳＹ。结果两处在算的ｆＭＳＹ和ＭＳＹ的平均值是：定置网为８．９０尤明等３７．４１万ｔ;推网为５５．８８万ＫＷ,３５．５１万ｔ;为桃围网为７．１２万ＫＷ,１０．０６万ｔ;刺网为１５．１９万ＫＷ,９．５ 相似文献
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东、黄海底拖网渔业渔捞努力量修正方法的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
渔捞努力量在渔业资源研究中是一个重要参数。在以往的东、黄海底拖网渔业资源研究中,投网次数常作为渔捞努力量的度量单位。在底拖网渔业中有很多影响渔捞努力量的因素,其中船型大小、实际捕捞时间的长短以及网具改进是主要因素。本文针对这三个因素应用上海市海洋渔业公司的资料,提出了一种修正方法,并对修正后标准渔捞努力量的效果进行了分析探讨。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The Shark Bay trawl fishery is Western Australia's most valuable prawn fishery (worth AUD$25 million in 2014). The 18-vessel fleet targets western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus), brown tiger prawns (P. esculentus) and also retains saucer scallops (Ylistrum balloti) and blue swimmer crabs (Portunus armatus). Increased fuel prices, falling prawn prices and lower catches of other species, following extreme environmental events, have impacted fishery profits. A biomass dynamics model with an economic component indicated that total revenue levels start to decline when annual effort increases beyond ~ 200 fishing days per boat. Annual effort required to achieve MEY, when based solely on prawn fishing, is 115–150 days per boat after accounting for fixed and variable fishing costs and annual fishing efficiency increases of 1–2%. From 2007–2014, the adjusted effort was 188–192 days per boat. Fishing occurred between March and November during 7–8 fishing periods, separated by 5–8 day (low catchability) moon closure periods. An empirical daily profit assessment (2007–2015), accounting for recruitment variation, daily prawn size compositions, monthly market prices for different prawn species and sizes, and daily fishing costs, showed vessels made profits on ~ 115–160 days and losses on ~ 15–55 days per year, when fishing occurred near the full moon. The fishery benefitted in 2013–2015 by starting later in the year and better targeting within-season effort. This management strategy within the effort-control framework, which improved profitability, maintained higher spawning stocks and reduced ecosystem fishing impacts, has wider application in prawn fishery management. 相似文献