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Immersed tube tunnels are usually placed on soft soil layers in cross-sea tunnelling engineering. Owing to the influence of stratum conditions and slope design, the longitudinal distribution of substratum layers is generally uneven. Thus, the inhomogeneous deformation of the element-joint becomes the key factor in the failure of the immersed tube tunnel. Therefore, a corresponding calculation method for joint deformation is needed to explore the deformation law of immersed tube tunnels. By constructing a three-section immersed tube tunnel analysis model (TTM), the relationship between the two types of deformation of the immersed tube tunnel structure in a longitudinal nonuniform soft soil foundation is described, and the deformation characteristics of the immersed structure under different boundaries are discussed. Based on the mechanical behaviour of the joint and foundation, according to the Timoshenko beam on the Vlasov two-parameter foundation (VTM), considering the tidal cyclic load during the operation and maintenance period, an example analysis is given. Moreover, the deformation characteristics and development trend of the immersed tube tunnel under the influence of different soil layers are discussed. The obtained results have a certain guiding significance for the deformation calculation of immersed tube tunnels.
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Immersed tunnel is an important part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) project. In immersed tunnel floating, translation which includes straight and transverse movements is the main working mode. To decide the magnitude and direction of the towing force for each tug, a particle swarm-based translation control method is presented for non-power immersed tunnel element. A sort of linear weighted logarithmic function is exploited to avoid weak subgoals. In simulation, the particle swarm-based control method is evaluated and compared with traditional empirical method in the case of the HZMB project. Simulation results show that the presented method delivers performance improvement in terms of the enhanced surplus towing force. 相似文献
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Immersed tunnel is an important part of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge(HZMB) project. In immersed tunnel floating, translation which includes straight and transverse movements is the main working mode. To decide the magnitude and direction of the towing force for each tug, a particle swarm-based translation control method is presented for non-power immersed tunnel element. A sort of linear weighted logarithmic function is exploited to avoid weak subgoals. In simulation, the particle swarm-based control method is evaluated and compared with traditional empirical method in the case of the HZMB project. Simulation results show that the presented method delivers performance improvement in terms of the enhanced surplus towing force. 相似文献
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The prediction of propeller induced pressure fluctuations and underwater radiated noise is a subject of great and increasing interest in marine engineering. Nevertheless, the full-scale prediction of these negative effects, even though based on dedicated model scale tests represents still a challenging task. This is due to different phenomena, among which scale effects on cavitation and ship wake, confined environment and near field effects in model tests play an important role; the analysis of these problems is made difficult by the rather limited amount of available data from sea trials and to the complexities of the phenomena, most of which related to cavitation on the propeller blades, that are present in the measurements carried out in cavitation tunnels, depressurized towing tanks or circulating channels.In the present work, the subject has been studied with reference to a four blades conventional CP propeller of a coastal tanker.Cavitation tunnel tests have been carried out in two rather different facilities, at UNIGE cavitation tunnel and at SSPA large cavitation tunnel.Results from model scale tests processed with different treatments are then compared with full scale measurements performed by SSPA on the same propeller in terms of cavitation extension and radiated noise.The analysis is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of different experimental setups, testing procedures and scaling laws. 相似文献
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According to the characteristics of submerged floating tunnel anchored by tension legs,simplifying the tube as point mass and assuming that the tension leg is a nonlinear beam model hinged at both ends,the nonlinear vibration equation of the tension leg is derived.The equation is solved by the Galerkin method and Runge Kutta method.Subsequently,numerical analysis of typical submerged floating tunnel tension leg is carried out.It is shown that,the parametric vibration response of the submerged floating tunnel tension leg is related to the amplitude and frequency of the end excitation.Without considering axial resonance and transverse resonance,it is reasonable that higher order modes are abandoned and only the first three modes are considered.The axial resonance amplitude of the second or third order mode is equivalent to the first order mode axial resonance amplitude,which should not be ignored. 相似文献
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The boundary-element method has been widely used as a design tool in the offshore and ship building industry for more than 30 years. Its application to wave energy conversion is, however, more recent. This paper deals with the numerical modelling of a free-floating sloped wave energy device. The power take-off mechanism of the device consists of an immersed tube with a piston sliding inside. The modelling is done using the boundary-element method package WAMIT. The model is first worked out for the case where the axis of the tube is vertical. It is then derived for the tube inclined and successfully verified against numerical benchmark data. A companion paper presents results of a detailed comparison with a physical model study. 相似文献
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During the construction process of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Undersea Tunnel, the faults and other unfavorable geological discontinuities were often encountered. To study the water inrush mechanism in the faults, both physical model test and numerical analysis were carried out. The results of crown displacement and hydraulic pressure of the monitoring sections in the physical model and numerical model were analyzed in this paper. It was found that the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the process of tunnel construction are often interacted as both cause and effect, and the lower of hydraulic pressure is often accompanied with the growth of its displacement. The changing of the excavation disturbed zone during the excavation in the undersea tunnel was also studied. The results show that the excavation disturbed zone in fault is larger than that in surrounding rock mass, and the excavation disturbance effects in the filling type fault are both transient and persistent. When the displacement and hydraulic pressure in the undersea tunnel change sharply during excavation, there are relatively slow and continuous change trend of the displacement and hydraulic pressure. For practical purposes, to prevent water inrush in the undersea tunnel, more attentions should also be paid to the undersea tunnel after excavation. 相似文献
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E.-A. Weitendorf 《Ocean Engineering》1981,8(5):517-539
The cavitation research, described here and carried out with the laser-scattered-light-technique, demonstrates the large influence of the free air content on cavitation phenomena and propeller excited pressure fluctuations in a cavitation tunnel. Another result of this research, based on full scale investigations, is that in the free sea a large number of nuclei is always present. Therefore for equal propeller loadings substantial differences of the cavitation extent can apparently never occur in different sea regions.The experimental research was supported by theory, applied to hemispherical nosed bodies and model propellers.The comparisons between model and full scale cavitation phenomena which cause hull pressure fluctuations show remarkable differences. The reason is the scale effect of the cavitation due to different absolute pressures on the propellers in model and full scale.Other published model/full-scale comparisons considering this scale effect are discussed. 相似文献
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Among the assumptions upon which linear time-invariant models of floating bodies are based is that the body motions are so small that any change in the body’s angular position can be disregarded. However, it is often a major design requirement of a wave energy conversion device that the response amplitude is large, thereby invalidating one of the assumptions of the linear model. In particular, the immersed geometry of a body undergoes considerable variation when it is moved in pitch. With regard to this we investigate the difference in performance between a quasi-linear model in which the change of immersed surface is modelled by time-varying parameters and a basic linear model in which the immersed surface is time-invariant. The time-varying parameter model is realized by interpolation between the appropriate parameter values of a set of linear time-invariant (LTI) models derived for the different immersed surfaces that occur at discrete body displacements. It is shown that the responses predicted using the time-varying parameter model are closer to those measured experimentally than those of a standard frequency-domain model. Particular improvement occurs when the responses are large, such as at or near the resonance frequency. A problem which may limit the general use of the model is also discussed. 相似文献
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Yiguo Xue Guangkun Li Xiukai Wang Daohong Qiu Maoxin Su 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(9):1106-1117
AbstractFault fracture zones have always been a key problem in the construction of submarine tunnels. To efficiently summarize the safety impact of different construction schemes on a submarine tunnel crossing a fault fracture, a theoretical model using numerical simulation has been established via the benching tunnelling construction method, three-step method, Center Diaphragm method (CD method), both sides heading method, Cross Diaphragm method (CRD method) and two kinds of supporting methods: pre-grouting and shotcreting. Numerical simulation studies on the excavation and support of submarine tunnels crossing fault fracture zones have been carried out. The research indicates: the fracture zone is the main area where sedimentation instability occurs; the CRD method has the lowest horizontal convergence under the support of the diaphragm; increasing the grouting strength is more effective in controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock than increasing the range of the pre-grouting and the thickness of the shotcrete in the initial support is increased, and its resulting effect is obvious. To optimize the construction scheme, we compared the settlement, horizontal convergence and surrounding rock stress of the tunnel according to the simulation results of different excavation support methods, which could provide theoretical guidance for better on-site construction techniques. 相似文献
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针对船舶与中空夹层钢管混凝土（CFDST）导管架平台碰撞问题，利用ABAQUS/Explicit非线性有限元软件建立中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿导管架数值模型，对船舶碰撞进行数值模拟，对比分析1 m/s、2 m/s和3 m/s的3种碰撞速度下工况下导管架抗碰撞性能、耗能及损伤。从碰撞力、碰撞区域变形以及导管架能量耗散等方面详细研究中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿作用下导管架整体的损伤模式和动力响应。结果表明：CFDST导管架在船舶碰撞荷载作用下主要由CFDST导管腿耗能，有效控制了结构整体位移变形，提升了整体刚度，有效发挥平台各构件之间组合耗能，结构抗碰撞能力得到明显提升。 相似文献
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为研究海洋附着细菌的群落结构及动态变化,在厦门近岸海区进行挂板实验.将无菌玻璃板浸没于海水中,连续放置14 d.分别于放置1 h和7、14 d后取玻璃板上附着生物样品.用细菌通用引物构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,每个克隆文库随机挑选约40个克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,所有的克隆子可分为六大类群:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和真核硅藻类叶绿体,各类群分别占42.0%、4.5%、2.2%、2.2%、1.1%和45.0%.γ-变形菌纲变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans)为优势附着细菌,占测序克隆子的31.5%.这类细菌在1 h样品中的比例超过一半,说明变形斑沙雷氏菌在生物膜形成初期发挥着重要作用.随着挂板时间延长,检测到的细菌类群有所增加:附着7 d后检测到拟杆菌门细菌,附着14 d后检测到厚壁菌门细菌.γ-变形菌纲细菌所占比例随挂板时间的延长而逐渐降低,从挂板1 h的81%降至7 d的21%,14 d的18%.另外,在各阶段的附着样品中,都检测到较多的真核克隆子序列,约占16%～64%.本研究为进一步阐明海洋附着细菌的附着动态及其在生物膜形成过程中的作用奠定了基础. 相似文献
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针对导管架平台上部组块与火炬臂进行整体拖航的情况,提出考虑拖航累积损伤的火炬臂全寿命疲劳分析流程。采用MOSES和SACS软件建立上部组块带火炬臂整体拖航水动力模型和导管架平台整体有限元模型,计算拖航驳船运动惯性载荷、在位波载荷和在位风载荷引起的火炬臂管节点疲劳损伤,对火炬臂进行全寿命疲劳分析。引入拖航疲劳损伤率系数,量化拖航驳船运动对火炬臂各管节点疲劳损伤的影响。结果表明:拖航工况驳船运动惯性载荷造成的火炬臂疲劳损伤不容忽略,特别是对靠近火炬臂根部的管节点影响显著。因此,在对整体拖航下的火炬臂进行疲劳设计时,应对其进行全寿命疲劳分析。 相似文献
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The planing trimaran possesses distinctive hybrid hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performance due to the presence of tunnel. The research described in this paper was carried out based on the observation of wave characteristics of a planing trimaran model in towing tests, in which the resistance drops as soon as the wave surface separates from tunnel roof. In order to gain a deeper insight into the relationship between wave flow and forces in tunnel region, a comprehensive series of viscous CFD simulations considering free-surface and 2-DOF motion of the hull (heave and pitch) have been performed for the tested model at the volume based Froude numbers ranging from 3.16 to 5.87. The calculated results were validated by comparison with experimental data and showed good agreement. Numerical results of wave contours, longitudinal wave cuts and lifting force distributions at the calculated speeds were presented for the analysis of ventilation process in tunnel region and the corresponding variation of tunnel forces. It is found that, for the speeds higher than Froude number of 4.52, the aerodynamic forces provide major tunnel lift and mainly act on the straight section of the tunnel. And, therefore, numerical simulations of two modified models have also been performed for the analysis of influence of straight section length on the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performance of planing trimaran. 相似文献