共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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对两种原油进行混合配比实验,将混合后油样置于人工气候箱进行风化模拟实验,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测风化样品中的生物标志化合物,短期风化作用对混合溢油的油指纹、生物标志化合物诊断指标等的影响。结果表明,混合溢油的正构烷烃总质量变化与单一原油油品的变化规律相近,即前期风化较快,质量减损较多,而后期风化趋缓,不同混合比例的溢油表现差异不明显。常用于短期风化的诊断比值对各混合油样的风化具有指示意义,但难以定性鉴别油品是否发生混合。重复性限法检验只能判定短期风化过程前后的油样为同一油源,而难以反映油样是否为混合油源的特征,各诊断比值的RSD%值较大可能是混合溢油的一个表现。 相似文献
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用相关系数法匹配色谱图形鉴别海面溢油源 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用皮尔逊相关系数法匹配色谱图形,根据溢油与可疑油的相似性鉴别溢油源。通过风化实验,研究出六个受风化影响很小的油色谱峰作为信息点,用K-最邻近分类法鉴别非常相似的油品。 相似文献
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荧光光谱具有灵敏度高、选择性好、分析速度快等特点被广泛应用于溢油鉴别。通过结合同步荧光光谱法、导数荧光光谱法和三维荧光光谱法对某码头一次溢油事故的溢油样进行分析鉴别,快速准确地鉴别出溢油源,进一步说明了荧光光谱法是溢油鉴别中一种有效的技术方法。研究结果表明:(1)同步荧光光谱对油源较为相近的油样区分能力较差,但可初步判断其相似性;(2)三维荧光光谱图油样荧光强度会受风化等因素的影响,但谱图的整体轮廓受干扰因素影响较小,芳烃的测定结果能比较准确地反映出溢油源的特征信息;(3)一阶导数荧光光谱中峰的比值能增强光谱特征,提高溢油鉴别的分辨能力。 相似文献
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采用气相色谱/质谱方法(GC/MS)对7 种常见润滑油中的生物标志化合物(正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷、甾烷、萜烷、多环芳烃)进行定性分析, 并基于其生物标志化合物指纹信息进行了多元统计分析。结果表明, 润滑油的气相色谱图中不可分辨的混合物(UCM)具有明显优势; 润滑油中含有丰富的甾、萜烷类稠环生物标志化合物, 仅含有非常少量的饱和链烷烃(正构烷烃、姥鲛烷、植烷)和多环芳烃类(目标多环芳烃、烷基化多环芳烃、二苯并噻吩同系物)生物标志化合物; 基于甾、萜烷类生物标志化合物指纹信息的主成分分析与聚类分析所得的结果高度一致, 均可用于有一定差异的润滑油的鉴别分析。 相似文献
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气相色谱对数比值法鉴别海面溢油源 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文应用对数比值法识别油色谱图形.选择六个受风化影响很小的色谱峰作为图形识别的信息点,以峰面积或峰高作为图形识别运算的基本值,经归一化法标化后,计算溢油与可疑溢油的六个相应峰的对数比值,画出判别图,如果溢油与某可疑溢油的六个对数比值,有50%以上的点落在临界线以下为真正的溢油源. 相似文献
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气相色谱指纹法在海上油污染源鉴别中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过一个具体案例,探讨了气相色谱指纹法在海上油污染源鉴别中的应用。该鉴别方法基于样品的正构烷烃气相色谱指纹分析,选择既能表征油种固有特性,又受风化影响较小的正十七烷(n-C17)、正十八烷(n-C18)、姥鲛烷(phy)、植烷(phy)和正二十烷(n-C20)等特征烷烃作为判据,可信度大,而且整个操作流程短(一般不超过半天),较简便易行。 相似文献
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In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification. 相似文献
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Salas N Ortiz L Gilcoto M Varela M Bayona JM Groom S Alvarez-Salgado XA Albaigés J 《Marine environmental research》2006,62(5):388-413
Plankton samples (20-350 microm and >350 microm) collected at three transects along the Galician coast (NW Spain) were analysed for individual aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by GC-MS. Sample collection was performed in April-July 2003, after the Prestige oil spill (November 2002), to determine whether the hydrocarbons released into the water column as a consequence of the spill were accumulated by the planktonic communities during the subsequent spring and early summer blooms. Surface sediments were also collected to assess the presence of the spilled oil, removed from the water column by downward particle transport. Plankton concentrations of PAHs (Sigma14 parent components) were in the range of 25-898 ng g(-1)dw, the highest values being close to coastal urban areas. However, the individual distributions were highly dominated by alkyl naphthalenes and phenanthrenes, paralleling those in the water dissolved fraction. The detailed study of petrogenic molecular markers (e.g. steranes and triterpanes, and methyl phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes) showed the occurrence of background petrogenic pollution but not related with the Prestige oil, with the possible exception of the station off Costa da Morte in May 2003, heavily oiled after the accident. The dominant northerly wind conditions during the spring and early summer 2003, which prevented the arrival of fresh oil spilled from the wreck, together with the heavy nature of the fuel oil, which was barely dispersed in seawater, and the large variability of planktonic cycles, could be the factors hiding the acute accumulation of the spilled hydrocarbons. Then, with the above exception, the concentrations of PAHs found in the collected samples, mostly deriving from chronic pollution, can be considered as the reference values for the region. 相似文献
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鉴于溢油及其风化产物的组分复杂性,本文应用计算毒理学方法对溢油中的主要毒性特征污染物进行甄选。首先结合美国溢油事件中的主要污染物分类方法,针对溢油事故的潜在特征污染物进行持久性、生物富集性和毒性判别,然后建立基于密度泛函理论(DFT)分子结构参数的定量结构-活性相关模型,尝试筛选出海洋溢油事故的12种特征污染物,包括3种多环芳烃(PAHs)、8种烷基化PAHs及1种PAH的氧化衍生物。本文首次应用DFT方法进行溢油中特征污染物的甄选研究,研究结果可为海洋环境管理部门在溢油污染物监管和灾后处置等方面提供参考。 相似文献
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Paul D. Boehm Judith E. Barak David L. Fiest Adria A. Elskus 《Marine environmental research》1982,6(3):157-188
The fate of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons discharged into the coastal Baltic Sea environment from the TSESIS oil spill has been studied in the acute and postacute (one year) phases of the spill. Periodic samples of Mytilus edulis (mussels) from eight littoral zone stations and Macoma balthica from nine soft bottom stations were obtained as well as sediment trap samples and surface sediment samples. Glass capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatographic mass spectrometry were used as the analytical tools to determine saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon composition and concentrations in these samples.Sediment trap samples indicated that sizable quantities of chemically and microbially weathered oil were sedimented, and available for benthic uptake shortly after the spill. After initial uptake of sedimented oil (500 to 1000 μ/g dry weight), Macoma populations appear to have begun slow depuration through the first winter after the spill, but TSESIS oil was again introduced to the benthic stations studied during the following summer. Mytilus populations in the region were severely impacted by the oil. Initial depuration of spilled oil during the first month was rapid and nearly complete at all but the most heavily impacted stations one year after the spill. The post-spill depuration of assimilated hydrocarbons was characterised by a relative retention of alkylated dibenzothiophenes and alkylated phenanthrenes compared to their unsubstituted parent compounds and compared with the entire homologous naphthalene series.These data suggest that petroleum hydrocarbons from the TSESIS spill have become a chronic source of degraded saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons to the soft bottom benthic communities. Petroleum hydrocarbons in the benthic environment from this spill appear to reside in the difficulty sampled and mobile flucculent layer at the sediment/water interface and may affect epifaunal communities for an extended period of time. 相似文献
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星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)具有全天时、全天候的工作能力,已被众多学者认为是非常适合探测海面溢油污染的遥感器。然而在SAR影像中经常出现"类油膜"现象,这严重干扰了SAR溢油检测的精度。因此,如何有效区分SAR影像中的油膜和类油膜,对提升溢油检测精度具有重要意义。本文利用面向对象图像分析的方法,从20景ENVISAT ASAR影像中提取了较多的溢油和类油膜样本,对其基于对象的形状、物理和纹理特征进行了综合分析,找出了适合区分溢油和类油膜的特征量。利用特征分析的结论,本文建立了一种基于模糊逻辑的溢油检测算法。该算法可以有效区分SAR影像中的溢油和类油膜,还可以给出暗斑被判定为溢油的概率。溢油检测实验说明,本文方法能够得到令人满意的效果。 相似文献
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为克服典型情景模拟法的缺陷,综合考虑船舶溢油发生的随机性、海洋水动力和风场的不确定性以及环境资源的敏感性,提出基于随机情景模拟的船舶溢油危害后果定量评价方法。通过随机情景模拟和网格化统计得到敏感区的溢油污染概率和最快到达时间,结合环境敏感指数和溢油量等参数计算综合溢油危害指数,并将其作为溢油危害后果定量评价指标。结果表明:台湾海峡北部水域不同季节发生船舶溢油的危害后果大小依次为夏季(27.8)秋季(25.5)春季(21.1)冬季(16.2),夏季溢油事故对牛山岛保护区的污染概率和危害后果相对最大(P=60%,Ck=41.2),达到较高级别;其他季节东甲列岛保护区的溢油污染概率和危害指数均为最高。随机情景模拟能够弥补事故情景,为评价船舶溢油危害后果风险提供一种新方法。 相似文献