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1.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(5)
2014年6月在长江口及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法对Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe金属元素的赋存形态进行分离,即分作可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CARB)、铁锰氧化物结合态(ERO)、有机结合态(OSM)和残渣态(RES)并测定了含量。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中的Cr主要赋存在OSM态中,Mn主要赋存在CARB态中,Ni在OSM态和ERO态含量相当,Co、Cu、Zn、Al和Fe元素主要赋存在ERO态中。长江口及其邻近海域D断面表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe元素的非残渣态含量随着离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。ERO态金属元素随着沉积物中铁锰水合氧化物的含量的升高而增加,且ERO-Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al与铁锰水合氧化物含量之间有较好的相关性,说明这些金属元素受到铁锰水合氧化物的影响。各金属元素非残渣态总量与ERO-Fe含量之间相关性也较好,说明各元素非残渣态受控于其各自主要的赋存形态。 相似文献
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东海泥质区表层沉积物中铜和铅的赋存形态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年11月在东海泥质区13个站点采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法分离并测定了铜和铅的赋存形态。结果表明,铜主要赋存于易还原态(铁锰氧化物结合态),含量为1.2～5.1μg/g,平均值为3.3μg/g;铅主要赋存于碳酸盐结合态,含量为1.9～7.3μg/g,平均值为5.3μg/g。泥质区铜和铅的有机结合态和易还原铁锰氧化物结合态与水深之间的呈明显的相关关系,碳酸盐结合态则与水深不相关。铜和铅非残渣态总量与采样站点水深之间的关系受控于其主要赋存形态,反映了重金属形态分布受到陆源输入和在水体中迁移等因素的影响。济州岛西南泥质区表层沉积物中铁锰氧化物结合态的铜和铅含量高于其他海区表层沉积物,可能是由于沉积物再悬浮所致。 相似文献
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2007年11月在东海泥质区采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法对金属元素的赋存形态进行了分离,测定了各形态中锰、铁和铝的含量。结果表明,锰主要赋存于碳酸盐结合态,含量为0.04～0.19mg/g,平均0.13mg/g;铁主要赋存于易还原态(铁锰氧化物结合态),含量为1.1～2.3μg/g,平均1.5mg/g;大部分站点的铝主要赋存于易还原态,含量为0.4～1.1mg/g,平均0.7mg/g。沉积物主要成分对金属赋存形态产生影响,CARB态、ERO态Mn、Fe和Al分别随沉积物中碳酸钙、水合铁锰氧化物含量的升高而增加,且ERO态金属与水合铁锰氧化物的相关性显著;有机物的含量的对OSM态金属的影响则不明显。非残渣态Fe和Al的含量随水深增加而降低,主要是由于沉积物中ERO态Fe和Al受陆地径流输入和水体中清除作用的影响,导致近岸沉积物中有较多的活性Fe、Al;离岸距离增加则沉积物中活性Fe、Al含量减少。 相似文献
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东菲律宾海表层沉积物中元素的赋存状态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解东菲律宾海不同类型表层沉积物中元素的赋存状态,采用化学提取方法对有无新型铁锰结壳发育站位表层沉积物样品进行了分级提取及测试,不同类型表层沉积物中成矿和稀土元素的赋存状态总体一致,表明研究区表层沉积物形成于相似的地质和海洋环境中。成矿元素中Fe绝大部分赋存在残渣态中,Mn、Cu、Co和Ni则主要赋存在铁锰氧化物结合态中,稀土元素也主要赋存在这两个相态中,碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态对重稀土元素优先吸附或具络合作用,引起重稀土元素的相对富集和铈的负异常,残渣态优先吸附轻稀土元素,导致轻稀土元素的富集和铈的正异常,火山物质则使表层沉积物残渣态表现出铕的正异常特征。同时,不同表层沉积物样品间也存在一定的差异,这与其局部形成条件——铁锰结壳发育与否有关。 相似文献
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东海沉积物中铁(Ⅲ)氧化物还原活性的动力学表征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
运用还原性溶解动力学实验和活性连续体(reactive continuum)模型表征了东海表层和柱状沉积物中铁(Ⅲ)氧化物的还原活性及反应进程中的动力学行为,通过动力学数据拟合得到了活性铁氧化物理论含量m0、表观速率常数k'和活性非均匀度γ。结果表明,表层沉积物中铁氧化物的m0在26.14~60.51 μmol/g之间,变化较小;表征高活性铁氧化物还原动力学行为的标准化初始还原速率(J/m0=k')变化也较小,最大相差仅7.25倍;但不同站位沉积物中铁氧化物活性的非均匀度变化较大,当铁氧化物溶解达到90%时,其速率与初始速率相差2~4个数量级。表层沉积物中铁氧化物的m0,k'和γ 3个动力学参数之间不存在相关性;柱状沉积物中m0,k'和γ 3个动力学参数都随深度的增加呈总体减小的趋势,且三者之间存在良好的线性关系,这是沉积物早期成岩作用中铁成岩循环的结果。与传统的化学提取相比,活性连续体模型得到3个动力学参数(m0,k'和γ)能从多个角度表征铁氧化物还原活性和动力学行为的细微差别。 相似文献
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2008年11月和2010年11月分别在青岛近海6个站位和胶州湾9个站位采集了表层沉积物样品,应用连续提取法分离和测定其主要成分和重金属的赋存形态。结果表明,易还原态的重金属受铁锰氧化物体系显著影响,其中镍的迁移过程基本受控于该体系,有机结合态的铬和钡迁移变化受有机质一定影响,其他形态重金属主要受外源输入影响。Pb和Cr存在显著富集,相对其他金属污染较明显。Pb的生态风险最高。胶州湾东部,尤其是李村河口附近重金属污染程度和不稳定性都最为明显。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物的顺序萃取方法及其在冲绳海槽热液影响沉积物中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不同沉积环境和沉积机制下进入海洋沉积物中的元素分别与不同介质结合,因此,将沉积物中不同结合形态元素相分离的顺序萃取方法是研究沉积物源和沉积环境的重要手段。以Tessier等建立的萃取流程为基础,针对深海沉积物标准物质GBW07315中Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、V元素,分析了方法的准确性和重复性。结果表明:各元素回收率基本介于94%～126%之间,平均值为106%。在重复性方面,除V元素在铁锰氧化物结合态中的相对标准偏差较高外,其余元素在铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态以及残渣态中的相对标准偏差均低于15%,而碳酸盐结合态和可交换态中元素的相对标准偏差较大,这与其样品中这些结合态的元素含量相对较低有关。因此,对于深海沉积物来讲,顺序萃取法具有较好的稳定性和可靠性,尤其是对其中铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态的萃取效果令人满意。将该方法应用于冲绳海槽热液影响沉积物中,实现了热液源铁锰氧化沉积的有效萃取和分离。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献