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中肋骨条藻是一种在中国东部沿海广泛存在的广温广盐性的浮游硅藻，根据对近年来我国长江口和其他海域所发生赤潮的观测，有相当一部分是以中肋骨条藻为主(王金辉，2002；刘玉等，2002)，其严重的破坏了海洋生态环境并造成了重大的国民经济损失，因此，对诱发中骨条藻爆发赤潮各种因子的研究便具有了重要的现实意义。本文应用营养盐加富的实验方法，在室内进行了中肋骨条藻的培养试验，研究了不同磷酸盐浓度条件下中肋骨条藻的生长情况，并对藻细胞内氮磷比的变化情况进行了探讨，以求对揭示中肋骨条藻赤潮的产生机制有所裨益。 相似文献
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选择无机胶体粒子Fe(OH) 3 胶体、伊利石胶体及其与金属铁和铜 ,对中肋骨条藻进行了培养实验。结果表明 :在培养介质中加入Fe(OH) 3 胶体后 ,在低添加量时可通过Fe(OH) 3 胶体提供满足微藻的生长所需的铁 ,从而提高其生长速度。但在较高添加量时 (>0 .5mg/L) ,由于胶体物质的吸附特性 ,微藻的生长受到抑制。Fe(OH) 3 对中肋骨条藻的最佳的添加量在 0 .2 5～ 0 .5 0mg/L之间。中肋骨条藻在加入伊利石胶体液时 ,微藻的生长均产生明显的抑制作用。通过伊利石胶体对培养介质中铁离子和铜离子浓度的调节控制作用 ,可直接影响到中肋骨条藻的生长。 相似文献
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脉冲输入营养盐是陆源输入营养盐的一种方式。用室内模拟脉冲营养盐输入的方法,研究了脉冲营养盐输入对于典型赤潮藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长的影响。结果发现脉冲输入营养盐对于中肋骨条藻生长有明显的影响,营养盐脉冲输入的频率和中肋骨条藻生长波动的频率相同。每天输入一次营养盐中肋骨条藻出现藻密度峰值的时间要比每5天输入一次营养盐和每10天输入一次营养盐的中肋骨条藻要滞后,而且藻密度峰值也比后两种情况低。对于3种营养盐的吸收速率而言,每10天输入一次营养盐的中肋骨条藻的吸收速率最大,其次是每天输入一次营养盐的中肋骨条藻,最小的是每5天输入一次营养盐的中肋骨条藻;3种营养盐脉冲输入模式下,每5天输入一次营养盐的中肋骨条藻对于N盐和Si盐的营养需求最少。 相似文献
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LED单色光谱及复合光谱对赤潮优势种中肋骨条藻生长的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以赤潮优势种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为研究对象,荧光灯和自制LED(light-emitting diode)控制灯为光源,研究不同LED单色光谱及复合光谱(蓝光,绿光,红光,白光,蓝红光,绿红光)对中肋骨条藻生长的作用。实验结果表明,在相同的光合有效量子通量密度条件下,对于单色光,中肋骨条藻在蓝光下生长较快,红光次之,在绿光下生长最慢;对于复合光,中肋骨条藻在荧光灯下生长最快,而在蓝红光下生长略高于在绿红光下生长。各光源下中肋骨条藻生长速率的顺序为:荧光灯>蓝红光LED>绿红光LED>蓝光LED>红光LED>绿光LED。通过比较在不同光照条件下中肋骨条藻的生长速率,表明不同光谱对中肋骨条藻生长的作用不同。 相似文献
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中肋骨条藻是一种广温、广盐性的浮游硅藻，并且多次在长江口及其他海域形成赤潮，对海洋生态环境造成严重危害，因此引起国内、外赤潮研究者的广泛关注。不少学者对中肋骨条藻种群的生态、生理特点展开研究(刘东艳等，2002；黄文祥等，1989；邹景忠等，1989；李铁，1990，2000)。营养盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的成分，海水中某种营养盐含量过低往往对浮游植物生长形成限制(Myers et al.，1981；Brian，1986；胡明辉等，1989)。海水营养盐含量过高则易形成富营养化，可进一步引发赤潮(周名江，2001)。硝酸盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的营养物质之一，它直接影响着浮游植物的生长、繁殖等生物活动(李铁，2000；Ryther et al.，1971)。研究海水中硝酸盐浓度和N/P对浮游藻类生长的影响将有助于我们了解高营养化与赤潮发生之间的关系。本文对在不同营养结构条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长速率、培养介质中的pH和溶解有机碳(DOC)进行了研究。 相似文献
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The effect of UV-B radiation enhancement on the interspecific competition between Skeletonema costatum and Heterosigma akashiwo 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
1 Introduction R ed tide is a global m arine ecological calam ity.In recentyears, there has been an increase in frequen-cy, affected area and extentof injury of red tide out-breaks in the coastalw aters ofour country.A ccordingto China M arine D isaster B ulletin issued by the StateO ceanic A dm inistration of C hina, harm ful red tideshad occurred up to 119 tim es in 2003, w hich w as 40tim es m ore than thatin 2002. O w ing to the w orsenedcultural environm ent and increased nutrient en… 相似文献
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不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻生长特性的影响 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
本文对在不同氮磷比（1：1，4：1，16：1，80：1，160：1）的培养条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长和营养生理特征进行了研究。结果表明：中肋骨条藻生长和生理状态受氮磷化的影响比较明显。在N／P＝16：1的状态下，其生长速度最快，细胞数量最高；在氮磷比大于16状态下的生长速度要优于氮磷比小于16的营养状态，说明其生长主要受到氮的限制。叶绿素a浓度受氮磷比的影响与细胞的生长基本相一致。相反，藻细胞内碳水化合物和蛋白质的合成和积累量在氮磷比≤16的状态下高于氮磷比大于16的状态。 相似文献
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氮磷营养盐对中肋骨条藻生长及硝酸还原酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过实验室培养，在不同氮磷浓度及氮磷比率的营养条件下，对中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）的生长及藻细胞硝酸还原酶的活性进行研究。实验结果表明，中肋骨条藻属于营养型藻类，氮磷营养盐的添加，极大地促进了藻细胞的增殖。在接种后的第4～5天，各培养组藻密度达到最大值并与对照组形成极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。实验进一步发现，环境中的氮、磷浓度及氮磷比率都会影响中肋骨条藻的生长及藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）。此外，在各培养组中，中肋骨条藻硝酸还原酶活性的最大值（NRAmax）均出现在指数生长期（接藻后第1，2天），早于最大藻密度的出现时间（第4，5天），这表明藻对营养盐的同化速率与生长速率并不一致，后者存在一定的滞后效应。在本实验条件下，中肋骨条藻的硝酸还原酶活性存在一定的阈值。 相似文献
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长江口中肋骨条藻赤潮发生全过程调查报告
──浮游植物群落结构及细胞形态研究
总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6于1990年6月在长江口赤潮多发区定点观测到一次中肋骨条藻赤潮发生的全过程，对中肋骨条藻赤潮发生过程中浮游植物群落结构的变动及细胞形态的变化进行研究。结果表明，（1）中肋骨条藻赤潮发生前，水体中甲藻数量多于硅藻；赤潮发生后，中肋骨条藻增殖，逐渐成为主要优势种，硅藻在数量上超过了甲藻；浮游植物种类丰度指数的大小能较好地反映赤潮发生的各个阶段。（2）赤潮发生过程中，中肋骨条藻细胞增殖率次序为：发展阶段＞维持阶段＞起始阶段。（3）在赤潮发生的维持阶段后期和消亡阶段，有5％-7．8％的中肋骨条藻形成休眠孢子，一个中肋骨条藻细胞仅形成一个休眠孢子，且同一个中肋骨条藻群体链上的所有细胞形成休眠孢子是同步的。 相似文献
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Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon composition of cultured two different sized phytoplankton common species of Thalazsiosira rotula and Skeletonema costatum from the Jiaozhou Bay were measured. Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon contents in cell were obvious higher in T. rotula than in S. costatum, but the percents of nitrogen, phosphorus, sihcon contents in cell dry mass in T. rotula were lower than those in S. costatum. The dry mass concentrations of nitrogen,phosphorus, silicon in S. costatum were much higher than those in T. rotula, particularly silicon, the former was 6. 4 times of the latter, showing that S. costatum could more assimilate these elements. Especially, S. costatum had competitive dominance for assimilating silicon, which is beneficial to its becoming a major dominant species in relative short silicon of the Jiaozhou Bay. There were some differences in numerical value of nutrient ratios both laboratory-cultured phytoplankton and different sized suspended particulates （ mainly phytoplankton） in the Jiaozhou Bay, which was caused by the changes of environment. High contents of carbon, nitrogon and relative low phosporus, sil- icon, high molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus （far higher than Redfield value） and low ratio of silicon to phosphorus and silicon to nitrogen （far lower than Redfield values） in the two diatoms and different sized suspended particulates were consistent with those in the seawater. Relative short silicon in the seawater and phytoplankton showed that silicon was possibly affectting phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay. 相似文献
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多巴胺受体(dopamine receptor)作为生物体中重要的神经递质受体, 在生物体的生长、发育、代谢等多个生理过程中都发挥着重要的功能。本研究从缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta转录组文库中筛选获得多巴胺受体基因的部分片段, 结合RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)技术和降落 PCR(polymerase chain reaction)技术, 克隆得到缢蛏两个多巴胺受体的选择性多聚腺苷酸化(alternative polyadenylation, APA)的变异体, 命名为ScDopR2a和 ScDopR2b, 长度分别为1824bp和2758bp。两个变异体均包含相同的5′非翻译区(untranslated regions, UTR)(24bp)和开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)(1440bp), 共编码479个氨基酸残基。但是两个变异体的3′UTR 长度不同, 分别为360bp和1294bp, 其中ScDopR2b在polyA尾前插入936bp。在同源的ORF区设计引物, 采用实时定量PCR分析多巴胺受体基因在不同组织中的表达特征, 结果表明多巴胺受体基因在水管、鳃、斧足的表达量显著高于其他组织。在该基因序列3′UTR插入片段区域设计特异引物检测ScDopR2b的组织表达情况, 结果表明在水管、鳃、斧足的表达量仍高于其他组织, 表达趋势与ORF区大致相同。进一步设计缢蛏组织损伤实验, 对进水管前端进行损伤处理, 在处理后的第4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、60h和72h取样, 荧光定量检测结果显示, 同源区表达量在12h和48h呈上调, 在8h、24h和72h下调, 且ScDopR2b表达趋势与同源区表达模式大致相同。研究结果表明, 缢蛏多巴胺受体参与了损伤修复过程, 其表达特征可能与多巴胺作为补偿性神经递质的作用有关。 相似文献
13.
磷酸盐对两种东海典型赤潮藻影响的围隔实验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用了围隔生态实验方法,研究了围隔中营养盐含量及结构变化和磷酸盐对东海典型赤潮藻种(东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻)生长的影响。结果表明,在高磷条件下,中肋骨条藻快速增殖,稳定期缩短,细胞数很快下降,而东海原甲藻由于氮源的限制生长期明显缩短。在磷限制条件下,中肋骨条藻细胞增殖受到明显抑制,生物量偏低,而东海原甲藻受到的影响较小。磷可能是东海原甲藻及中肋骨条藻生长的限制因子。氮磷比会影响浮游生物的生长,较高的氮磷比可能对东海原甲藻的生长有利,较低氮磷比则可能有利于中肋骨条藻生长。东海原甲藻能在营养盐浓度较低的生长环境中占有优势,相反,营养盐浓度较高的环境更适合中肋骨条藻的生长,中肋骨条藻具有更强的竞争能力。 相似文献
14.
PCNA has been considered as a useful marker for the estimation of growth rates of marine phytoplankton at the species level. Since dinoflagellates are noted for having many prokaryotic features in that they are the only eukaryotes to have permanently condensed chromosomes as well as lacking histones and a nucleosome, the sensitivity to UVB radiation and the validity of PCNA as a maker of growth rate in dinoflagellate need to be evaluated.Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu was investigated to valuate the UVB sensitivity in relation to cellular and molecular aspects of PCNA as a growth indicator.The effects of UVB radiation on PCNA were studied using the methods of western blots technology and whole-cell immunoflurescence with one mono-antibody. UVB changed the cell morphology, halted the growth and increased the cell size, even caused cell death to a certain extent after treatment with UVB radiation in P. donghaiense. Compared with the control, treating the algal cultures in exponential phases with UVB radiation for 24 h caused chromatin release and increases in protein levels of PCNA. 相似文献
15.
Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998, 2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms (HABs). The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P. donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The cell number of P. donghaiense and S. costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998. In May 2002, at the beginning of the experiment, the cell number of P. donghaiense accounted for 55%—66% of the total and S. costatum accounted for 32%—42%. The density of P. donghaiense and S. costatum was over 95% and 1%—5% respectively in May 2003. The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability. Under lowphosphate conditions, the dominant species was P. donghaiense, while S. costatum became dominant in phosphatereplete cases. The average growth rate (1.08 d-1) of S. costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that (0.39 d-1) of P. donghaiense. In the mesocosm, S. costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth. When phosphorus was depleted, the cell number of S. costatum dropped rapidly, while P. donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly. The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why: (1) P. donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May, when phosphate concentration is low; (2) the bloom of S. costatum appears in early spring and summer time, when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River (Yangtze River) runoff; (3) the bloom of S. costatum is short and that of P. donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea. 相似文献
16.
盐度胁迫下中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的生长及内源多胺含量的变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在实验室内不同盐度梯度下培养常见的两种赤潮藻——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum s.l.)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),根据logistic生长模型获得了终止生物量Bf和最大生长速率μmax,并测定了藻体中过氧化物酶(POD)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)的含量。结果表明,高、低盐度胁迫下,两种藻均会积累MDA,活性氧自由基的伤害增强,藻的生长受到了抑制。同时,两种藻都会提升多胺含量,通过多胺的调节作用来缓解胁迫的伤害,促进生长,但是在提升的多胺种类和形态上,两种藻存在着差异。高盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升多胺尤其是游离态多胺的含量来缓解伤害,东海原甲藻则依靠结合态的亚精胺和游离态的精胺的调节作用。低盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升游离态腐胺的含量,而东海原甲藻体内各形态的多胺都会上升。 相似文献
17.
Brown tides have recurred in estuary areas globally,but trophic interactions between the causative species Aureococcus anophagefferens and planktonic copepods remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated performance(ingestion,growth,development and reproduction) of the planktonic copepod,Pseudodiaptomus poplesia,offered either mono-algal or mixed-algal diets containing a Chinese strain of A.anophagefferens.A typical Michaelis-Menten pattern existed between ingestion rate and food level when copepod fed on the monoalgal diet of this species.Nauplii exhibited the highest maximum ingestion rate(Imax) than copepodids and adult females.In addition,Imax value was higher in nauplii feeding on A.anophagefferens than on Skeletonema costatum.When fed mixtures of A.anophagefferens and S.costatum,P.poplesia selected against A.anophagefferens cells,but less strongly at the naupliar stage.Nauplii did not undergo metamorphosis and died at late naupliar stages feeding on A.anophagefferens alone,similar to those under starvation.Furthermore,the presence of A.anophagefferens greatly reduced the reproduction rate of females in mixtures but did not influence the growth rate of copepodids.These results suggest that P.poplesia nauplii may exert grazing pressure on A.anophagefferens population during a brown tide,which,however,may not be persistent because of copepod population decline. 相似文献
18.
The concentration and partition ratio of various speciations of nutrients in domestic sewage were determined. The transformation and transportation among the speciations, as well as their biological effects during sewage-seawater mixing were simulated in laboratory. The results are compared with field observation and the following findings are: i) The suitable range of ratio DIN/DIP in seawater for growth of phytoplankton in subtropical estuary and harbor is quite wide. It could grow well even in the range of 15-55 in atom ratio, and is independ of the variation in levels of N and P. ii) The transformation rate among the speciations of phosphorus is within the range of 0. 5 to 1. 1 μmol/d . iii) Phytoplankton uptakes P prior to N during its growth. The growth rate for Skeletonema costatum (the major species) and field algae are 0. 34-0. 58/d and 0. 30-0. 31/d, respectively. iv) The red tide species Prorocentrum micans could become the dominant species to a density 107 cells/L after Skeletonema costatum 相似文献
19.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been affecting negatively the shellfish and aquaculture industries around the world. Though a lot of efforts have been made to disclose the changes of environmental factors involved and their effects on the HABs events, the molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. To address this problem, proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene (pcna) was isolated and characterized from Alexandrium catenella. It showed high homology to those of other dinoflagellates (89% and 91% homology to Pfiesteria piscicid and Pyrocystis lunula, respectively), and also 42%-43% homology to those of plant and animals. The expression level of pcna revealed by quantitative real time PCR was the lowest at the late lagging cell growth phase, increased to the highest at the late exponential phase, and then decreased at the stationary phase. Though the cell growth rate was also changing, no positive correlation between pcna expression level and cell growth rate was displayed throughout the whole cell growth stages (r2=0.024 6). However, the pcna expression level had the similar trend with the change of cell growth rate throughout the whole growing process, e.g., from increasing at the earlier cell growth stage to decreasing at the following stages, though slightly lagging to the latter. 相似文献
20.
根据2002年11月在亚大湾大鹏澳进行的连续30d(每日采样一次)观测资料，运用主成分分析和多元回归分析相结合方法，分析大鹏澳非养殖区中各浮游植物优势种之间的关系及影响其生长与演替的主要理化因子．建立秋季浮游植物优势种演替模型，并与春季的大鹏澳现场调查建立的浮游植物优势种演替模型进行比较，分析生境变化(降雨)对浮游植物优势种演替过程的影响。结果表明，春，秋季浮游植物优势种发生不同的演替过程。春季浮游植物对资源的竞争较为激烈，大量降雨引起海水中营养盐浓度升高，促进并维持中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)高密度生长，待营养盐被大量消耗后，中肋骨条藻数量下降，减轻了对柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)的生长压力而使其成为优势种；而秋季水温较低，浮游植物细胞数量较春季大为减少，中肋骨条藻和柔弱菱形藻对资源的竞争较为缓和，使外界环境变化成为影响优势种变化的主要原因；降雨期间虽然营养盐增加，但环境变化使浮游植物的生长受到限制，雨后柔弱菱形藻数量不能恢复，水体中高营养盐浓度促使中肋骨条藻出现生长峰值。 相似文献