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1.
半连续培养下东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻种群生长过程与种间竞争研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用半连续培养方法研究了温度和营养盐(N和P)限制对中国东海2种重要赤潮生物东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明,东海原甲藻在20℃和25℃时生长状态良好,具有明显的指数增长期,15℃时细胞生长明显受到影响;中肋骨条藻具有较广的温度适应性,15~25℃时均具有明显的指数增长期。东海原甲藻可以忍受低营养盐环境并种群增长,而中肋骨条藻细胞增长需要较丰富的营养盐。在营养盐充足的环境里中肋骨条藻具有竞争优势,相反,在营养盐限制的环境中,东海原甲藻是竞争的优胜者。实验结果与东海原甲藻赤潮爆发现场的环境调查结果基本一致,可以作为解释东海原甲藻赤潮形成原因的依据。 相似文献
2.
化感作用对中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻竞争演替的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了检验化感作用对赤潮藻类生长和竞争的影响,对中肋骨条藻滤液进行了培养实验,结果显示中肋骨条藻滤液对其自身的生长呈现出化感抑制现象,而且抑制作用在磷限制条件下尤为显著。自化感作用的程度与藻的生长阶段有关,指数期滤液对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用比衰亡期滤液略强。不同滤液添加比例实验进一步验证了中肋骨条藻自化感作用的存在。降解实验表明在某些机制的作用下,化感物质会随时间而发生降解。在所有的滤液培养实验中,中肋骨条藻对东海原甲藻的生长没有明显影响,这可能是由于东海原甲藻对滤液中的化学物质有较强的耐受能力。中肋骨条藻滤液的共培养实验结果显示,中肋骨条藻与东海原甲藻表现出演替现象,东海原甲藻最终获得竞争优势。实验结果表明化感作用可能会影响中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的竞争演替。 相似文献
3.
采用批次培养方式,研究混合培养的几种赤潮藻东海原甲藻(PrDrocentrum donghaiense)与中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)及东海原甲藻与链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)对溶解无机磷源的竞争生长响应.结果表明,在富磷及贫磷的培养条件下,中肋骨条藻的比生长率远超过东海原甲藻,而成为培养体系中的绝对优势种.在东海原甲藻与链状亚历山大藻的混合培养体系中,原甲藻大量死亡,可能存在亚历山大藻对原甲藻的他感作用.培养体系中,碱性磷酸酶活性随藻类磷胁迫而显著升高,可能在后期种群利用代谢有机磷源时发挥重要作用,且在不同培养体系中表现出酶活性大小及状态的差异性,该结果可能影响浮游植物对有机磷源的利用效率. 相似文献
4.
选取东海赤潮高发区常见的两种甲藻[东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)]和两种硅藻[中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、海链藻(Thalassiosirasp.)],以2-苯基乙胺、腐胺、亚精胺、精胺四种赤潮水体中常见的生物胺为因素,设置0、5、25、100nmol/L四个浓度水平,进行L16(45)正交添加培养实验。根据Logistic生长模型进行曲线拟合,分析得到的生长参数。结果显示,不同的生物胺对各赤潮藻生长影响的大小、趋势均存在差异。其中,2-苯基乙胺对四种赤潮藻的生长影响最显著。高浓度的2-苯基乙胺对中肋骨条藻的生长具有明显的抑制作用,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长具有明显的促进作用。多胺物质(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺)对甲藻(东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻)生长的促进作用大于硅藻(海链藻和中肋骨条藻)。多胺中的亚精胺对塔玛亚历山大藻和海链藻的生长影响最大,精胺对东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻的生长影响最大。多胺可能是2010年东海赤潮由中肋骨条藻向东海原甲藻演替的一个诱导因素,其中精胺可能发挥的作用较大。 相似文献
5.
东海原甲藻对中肋骨条藻的他感作用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室内将不同生长期的东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaienseLu)培养液滤液用切向超滤技术分级处理后,培养中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),发现东海原甲藻的滤液对中肋骨条藻的生长具有促进作用,不同生长期的东海原甲藻分泌物在粒级100 ku～0.45μm的培养液中对中肋骨条藻的促进作用最明显,表明东海原甲藻可以产生大小不同的可促进中肋骨条藻生长的他感物质,且在100 ku～0.45μm范围含量较大。东海原甲藻对中肋骨条藻的生长促进作用在不同生长期作用强度不同,促进作用最明显的是消亡期,其次为平台期,指数生长期的藻液是3种藻液中促进作用最小的。 相似文献
6.
不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验室条件下用不同氮磷摩尔比(4:1,16:1,64:1)的培养液培养中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii,对它们的比生长率、细胞状态、细胞对外界氮磷营养元素的吸收和细胞内氮磷比的变化进行了研究.结果表明,氮磷比显著影响两种硅藻的生长和生理状态,氮浓度对细胞生长的影响更大.N限制组(N:P=4:1)的比生长率、细胞数量和叶绿素a含量明显低于正常条件和P限制组(N;P=64:1);威氏海链藻生长对N的变化比中肋骨条藻更为敏感,吸收外界无机氮的速率更快.营养盐充足的情况下,水体中藻细胞的氮磷比变化会较小,但由于"奢侈消费"现象的存在,在出现营养盐限制时,细胞的氮磷比组成会跟随环境的氮磷比改变,在氮限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会相应减少,而相反在磷限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会明显增加. 相似文献
7.
氮、磷对两种微藻吸附与吸收镍的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用放射性同位素示踪的方法,研究了大量营养盐氮和磷添加对两种微藻:东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaienseLu)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)吸附和吸收重金属镍的影响。结果表明,在短时间(2h)的培养实验中,大量营养盐的添加影响了藻类对重金属的吸附和吸收速率,但氮、磷浓度的增加对藻类吸附和吸收镍的影响有所差异:硝酸盐浓度的添加促进了藻类对镍的吸附和吸收,磷浓度的添加促进了两种藻类对镍的吸附,但对藻类吸收镍的影响不大。在未添加营养盐的条件下,东海原甲藻对镍的吸附量要高于硝酸盐添加组但吸收量则较低,而中肋骨条藻的吸附量和吸收量均较硝酸盐添加组低。当尿素为氮源时,尿素促进了藻类对镍的吸收,其吸收量为同一浓度硝酸盐的1·2倍。本研究结果证明,近海富营养化特别是氮浓度的增加会影响浮游植物对微量金属的吸收,进而可能会影响到金属在整个海洋食物链中的传递。 相似文献
8.
海洋原甲藻与三角褐指藻混合培养条件下的种群生长与氮磷营养盐变化 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohl)和海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum mi-cans)为实验种研究了硅藻与甲藻在混合培养的环境中其各自的种群密度变化以及相应水体中氮磷营养盐变化。结果显示,在单独培养或与海洋原甲藻共同培养的条件下,三角褐指藻均表现出明显的营养盐吸收优势,种群生长迅速。相对而言,海洋原甲藻对营养盐的吸收速率明显较低,而且在与三角褐指藻共同培养的水体中一直处于竞争劣势;但有海洋原甲藻存在的水体中,三角褐指藻较单独培养时具有更高的生长速率和高的生物量,海洋原甲藻的存在可能促进三角褐指藻的生长。 相似文献
9.
氮磷营养盐对中肋骨条藻生长及硝酸还原酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过实验室培养，在不同氮磷浓度及氮磷比率的营养条件下，对中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）的生长及藻细胞硝酸还原酶的活性进行研究。实验结果表明，中肋骨条藻属于营养型藻类，氮磷营养盐的添加，极大地促进了藻细胞的增殖。在接种后的第4～5天，各培养组藻密度达到最大值并与对照组形成极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。实验进一步发现，环境中的氮、磷浓度及氮磷比率都会影响中肋骨条藻的生长及藻细胞硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）。此外，在各培养组中，中肋骨条藻硝酸还原酶活性的最大值（NRAmax）均出现在指数生长期（接藻后第1，2天），早于最大藻密度的出现时间（第4，5天），这表明藻对营养盐的同化速率与生长速率并不一致，后者存在一定的滞后效应。在本实验条件下，中肋骨条藻的硝酸还原酶活性存在一定的阈值。 相似文献
10.
采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。 相似文献
11.
中肋骨条藻是一种广温、广盐性的浮游硅藻，并且多次在长江口及其他海域形成赤潮，对海洋生态环境造成严重危害，因此引起国内、外赤潮研究者的广泛关注。不少学者对中肋骨条藻种群的生态、生理特点展开研究(刘东艳等，2002；黄文祥等，1989；邹景忠等，1989；李铁，1990，2000)。营养盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的成分，海水中某种营养盐含量过低往往对浮游植物生长形成限制(Myers et al.，1981；Brian，1986；胡明辉等，1989)。海水营养盐含量过高则易形成富营养化，可进一步引发赤潮(周名江，2001)。硝酸盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的营养物质之一，它直接影响着浮游植物的生长、繁殖等生物活动(李铁，2000；Ryther et al.，1971)。研究海水中硝酸盐浓度和N/P对浮游藻类生长的影响将有助于我们了解高营养化与赤潮发生之间的关系。本文对在不同营养结构条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长速率、培养介质中的pH和溶解有机碳(DOC)进行了研究。 相似文献
12.
营养盐浓度和初始细胞密度对东海原甲藻与塔玛亚历山大藻种间竞争的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以我国东海2种重要赤潮原因种--东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为研究对象,研究了高、低磷酸盐浓度以及初始细胞密度对这2物种种群增长与种间竞争的影响.结果表明,不同实验条件下2物种有不同的竞争结果,营养盐限制环境中主要表现为资源利用性竞争,东海原甲藻为竞争优势种;丰富营养盐环境中,种间竞争具有明显的密度依赖性,根据初始细胞密度的不同,2竞争物种既可以相互排斥,也可能共存.该结果与东海赤潮特征即2物种既可以分别形成单相型赤潮,又可以共同形成双相型赤潮相一致. 相似文献
13.
中肋骨条藻是一种在中国东部沿海广泛存在的广温广盐性的浮游硅藻，根据对近年来我国长江口和其他海域所发生赤潮的观测，有相当一部分是以中肋骨条藻为主(王金辉，2002；刘玉等，2002)，其严重的破坏了海洋生态环境并造成了重大的国民经济损失，因此，对诱发中骨条藻爆发赤潮各种因子的研究便具有了重要的现实意义。本文应用营养盐加富的实验方法，在室内进行了中肋骨条藻的培养试验，研究了不同磷酸盐浓度条件下中肋骨条藻的生长情况，并对藻细胞内氮磷比的变化情况进行了探讨，以求对揭示中肋骨条藻赤潮的产生机制有所裨益。 相似文献
14.
胶州湾中肋骨条藻赤潮与环境因子的关系 总被引：55，自引：13，他引：55
1998年7月3－8日胶州湾女增养残海域发生一次中肋骨条藻（Skketonemacostatum)赤潮，对该次赤潮生消全过程环境因子变化的监测分析表明，该养殖海域表层水体解态无机氮，无机磷，可溶性铁和锰含量高，为赤潮的发生提供了必需的营养基础，6月30日－7月1日较强的降雨过程使不体在以后两天中形成了高温，低盐，富营养的环境，有利于中肋骨条藻快速增殖拉导致了赤潮的爆发，7月3－8日天气持续的高温和静风使赤潮得以维持，随后磷，硅的耗尽使赤潮逐步走向消亡，应用相关分析和主成分分析，研究了赤潮与环境因子的关系，结果表明，影响本次赤潮的重要环境因子有：盐度，水温，硅酸盐，磷酸盐。 相似文献
15.
Interspecies competition for nutrients between Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve in mesocosm experiments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Three mesocosm experiments were conducted in the East China Sea during blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in May of 1998, 2002 and 2003 to examine the role of nutrients in the formation of these harmful algae blooms (HABs). The results showed that there was interspecies competition between P. donghaiense and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The cell number of P. donghaiense and S. costatum accounted for about 85% and 11% of the total cell number of phytoplankton respectively at the beginning of the experiment in May 1998. In May 2002, at the beginning of the experiment, the cell number of P. donghaiense accounted for 55%—66% of the total and S. costatum accounted for 32%—42%. The density of P. donghaiense and S. costatum was over 95% and 1%—5% respectively in May 2003. The results of these three mesocosm experiments showed that the dominant species in this specific community varied with different nutrient availability. Under lowphosphate conditions, the dominant species was P. donghaiense, while S. costatum became dominant in phosphatereplete cases. The average growth rate (1.08 d-1) of S. costatum in exponential growth phase was higher than that (0.39 d-1) of P. donghaiense. In the mesocosm, S. costatum predominated in the mesocosm by its rapid growth. When phosphorus was depleted, the cell number of S. costatum dropped rapidly, while P. donghaiense Lu decreased more slowly. The results from mesocosm experiment may explain why: (1) P. donghaiense bloom usually occurs in May, when phosphate concentration is low; (2) the bloom of S. costatum appears in early spring and summer time, when nutrients increase with increasing Changjiang River (Yangtze River) runoff; (3) the bloom of S. costatum is short and that of P. donghaiense Lu can last more than a month in the East China Sea. 相似文献
16.
Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible. 相似文献
17.
The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Müller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities (ED_50) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm3, respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1×104~3×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (2×104~5×104cells/cm3); P. donghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4×104~10×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (10×104cells/cm3). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom. 相似文献
18.
The effects of Prorocentrum donghaiense,Karenia mikimotoi,Alexandrium catenella,the causative species of Harmful Algal Blooms in the East China Sea,on the survival and growth of Neomysis awatschensis and Artemia salina were investigated.And the toxicity of eleven strains of Alexandrium----A.lusitanicum(AL-1)、A.minutum(AM-1)、A.spp.(A-K)、A.tamarense(ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03,AT5-1,AT5-3,AT-6)、A.affine(AS-1,AC-1) to the two above organisms were compared. The results showed that P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi had no adverse effect on the survival and growth of N.awatschensis and A.salina at 96h.However,the survival rate of N.awatschensis and A.salina declined linearly with the increasing density of A.catenella,and the 96h LC50 for N.awatschensis and A.salina was 4500 and 460 cells/mL,respectively, Five strains of Alexandrium----A.spp,A.lusitanicum (AL-1),A.tamarense(AT5-3,AT-6) and A.affine (AS-1)at the density of 4000cells/mL and 96h had no adverse impacts on N.awatschensis. But other six strains of Alexandrium a.Tamarense(AT5-1,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03),A.affine(AC-1) and A.minutum(AM-1)decreased the survival fate of N.awatschensis significantly. Two strains of Alexandrium----A.lusitanicum(AL-1) and A.tamarense(AT-6),at the density of 500cells/mL. had no adverse effects on A.salina in 96h;while the other Alexandrium strains all had adverse effeets on the survival of a.salina, A.salina could increase its length with the increasing density of P.donghaiense,K.mikimotoi and A.luxitanicum. The results indicate that P.donghaiense and K.mikimotoi have nio significant effect on the survival of crustaeean zoop lankton in a short period. But several Alexandrium specised/strains could influence the survival of crustacean zooplankton likely by non-PSP substances. A.salina is shown to be more sensitive than N.awatschensis as test organisms to harmful species. 相似文献
19.
于2006年5—11月对东海泉州湾赤潮监控区设定4个采样站位,进行赤潮常规监测。结果表明,泉州湾藻类优势种由中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、太平洋海链藻(Thalassiosira pacifica)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)及旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等赤潮生物组成,虽然中肋骨条藻为最主要的优势种,但有3个站位出现了上述优势种的演替。通过深入分析该海域水质营养盐含量及组成结构的动态变化对赤潮藻类优势种演替的影响,发现由于不同的赤潮藻类种群具有各自的生态习性及适应环境的生长增殖策略,海域水质营养盐含量和组成结构的变化,会引起赤潮藻类种群增殖竞争力间强弱的相对变化,而种群增殖竞争力强的种类有可能迅速增殖取代原有的优势种而演替为新的优势种,这是一个动态的过程。 相似文献
20.
The concentration and partition ratio of various speciations of nutrients in domestic sewage were determined. The transformation and transportation among the speciations, as well as their biological effects during sewage-seawater mixing were simulated in laboratory. The results are compared with field observation and the following findings are: i) The suitable range of ratio DIN/DIP in seawater for growth of phytoplankton in subtropical estuary and harbor is quite wide. It could grow well even in the range of 15-55 in atom ratio, and is independ of the variation in levels of N and P. ii) The transformation rate among the speciations of phosphorus is within the range of 0. 5 to 1. 1 μmol/d . iii) Phytoplankton uptakes P prior to N during its growth. The growth rate for Skeletonema costatum (the major species) and field algae are 0. 34-0. 58/d and 0. 30-0. 31/d, respectively. iv) The red tide species Prorocentrum micans could become the dominant species to a density 107 cells/L after Skeletonema costatum 相似文献