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风荷载是影响海洋结构物设计和安全服役最为显著的环境因素之一。利用在役海洋平台监测系统对渤海风速场展开长期监测,获得了长期的风速信息。对极值风速进行分析,利用极值Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分布对风速极值的概率密度进行拟合。基于极值Ⅰ型概率分布,获得了渤海海域重现期为5 a、10 a、30 a和50 a的最大风速值。对年最大风速的脉动风分量、湍流强度、阵风因子进行了分析。考虑高频分量的影响,利用小波变换,得到了脉动风速的近似分量和细节分量,计算了实测风速的纵向和横向的空间积分尺度。对比经验脉动风谱与实测脉动风谱,证明了Davenport风速谱能够较好地拟合渤海现场风速场。 相似文献
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目前,海洋工程物理模型试验中对风的模拟常采用两种方法,一种是挂重法,一种是吹风法。这两种方法均是采用某一恒定的风速来模拟相应的风力,然而自然界中的风是不均匀的,并具有较强的随机性和脉动性,单一的恒定风模拟无法真实反映海风对浮体、海上结构的荷载作用。本文基于Shinozuka理论并考虑风谱的有关特性,模拟出满足API谱特性随机风,并与有关文献中结果进行对比,试验结果显示本文结果在精度和稳定性方面均有所提高;通过严格控制风速偏差、风速标准差和风谱面积偏差,进一步研究对比了API谱与Davenport谱风过程,得出了前者风速波动幅度为后者1.5倍~2.0倍的结论,随机脉动风场的模拟突出了实际海风的随机性和脉动性,能够较为真实地反映海洋风环境,文章认为此谱特性风场可作为有关海洋工程风试验的试验环境。 相似文献
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为了满足我国海洋工程抗风设计需求,在南海某海洋平台定点开展了原型测量工作。通过对海面上82 m和29 m两处开展实测工作,获得了冬季寒潮和超强台风"尤特"影响下的风场现场实测数据。利用非平稳过程分析方法对两类强风过程的脉动风分量、湍流强度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和脉动风谱等风场特性进行了分析。验证了脉动风分布的高斯性,给出了湍流强度与阵风因子的非线性拟合参数,分析了不同高度处风场特性剖面变化规律,证明了脉动风实测谱与Von Karman经验谱的良好拟合关系。 相似文献
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极值风速和极值波高是海洋工程、海洋能开发、防灾减灾等极为关注要素。文章基于来自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ＥＣＭＷＦ）的ＥＲＡ－ｉｎｔｅｒｉｍ 海浪再分析资料、ＥＲＡ 阵风资料,计算了“２１世纪海上丝绸之路”涉及海域的年极值风速、极值波高,并首次计算了不同季节的极值。结果表明：①南海的５０年一遇年极值风速大于孟加拉湾,孟加拉湾大于阿拉伯海;极值波高的分布特征与极值风速大体一致。②南海的极值风速在各个季节都大于孟加拉湾,孟加拉湾大于阿拉伯海;南海－ 北印度洋的极值风速在ＪＪＡ 和ＳＯＮ 期间明显大于ＭＡＭ 期间,ＤＪＦ期间最小。③南海各个季节的极值波高都大于北印度洋,阿拉伯海的极值波高在ＭＡＭ和ＪＪＡ 期间明显大于孟加拉湾;南海的极值波高在ＪＪＡ 和ＳＯＮ 期间明显大于ＭＡＭ 和ＤＪＦ期间;北印度洋的极值波高在ＪＪＡ 期间最大,ＭＡＭ 次之,ＤＪＦ最小。 相似文献
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国内外对海上阵风的研究并不多,且大多集中在阵风预报和应用研究方面,对于海洋阵风数据的获取技术未见文献系统论述。本文利用HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测的后向散射系数,结合校正微波辐射计观测的亮度温度信息,提出联合反演阵风风速的方法。两个遥感载荷联合反演得到的阵风风速与2019–2021年美国国家浮标数据中心（NDBC）浮标数据进行真实性检验,结果显示:阵风风速均方根误差（RMSE）为0.98 m/s,相关系数为0.82;基于本方法利用国外同类卫星Jason-3得到的阵风风速与2016–2018年NDBC浮标数据的RMSE为0.96 m/s,相关系数为0.88。本文在HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速观测的基础上,纳入同一卫星平台校正微波辐射计的同步观测信息联合实现了海面阵风的观测,数据的比对结果证明文中方法具有较高的观测精度。同时,该方法对于具有相同观测体制的国内外卫星也适用。 相似文献
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埕岛海域风况观测与分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用埕岛海域海上岸边陆地风速一年的同步观测资料，分析了海上风速与陆上风速间的关系，给出不同季节和不同时间海，陆风速换算公式；分析了海，陆风速日变化特征的差异，给出了该海域风况基本特征。 相似文献
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21世纪海上丝绸之路,以我国泉州为起点,主要涉及海域为南海—北印度洋,惠及沿线多国。深入研究该海域的海洋环境特征,有利于为海上丝绸之路建设提供科学依据、辅助决策。文章利用来自欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)、1979—2014年、逐6h的海表风场资料、阵风资料,系统性、精细化地统计,分析了该海域的风候(风场气候态)特征,主要包括海表风场的季节特征、(强)风向频率、大风和阵风频率、阵风系数、海表风速的长期变化趋势等。期望可以为航海、海洋工程、防灾减灾等提供科学依据,为海上丝绸之路建设尽绵薄之力。 相似文献
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2月16日8点,船驶过了国际日期变更线,这样我们就又重新过回了16日,我们开玩笑地说:多活了一天。从现在开始,我们的经线就是西经了。2月18日昨夜在寒冷中度过了西风带上又一个风雨飘摇的夜晚,0点以后,突然风速从15节增加到30节,阵风达到35节,船速达到12节,狂风卷起巨浪从船侧后方 相似文献
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利用卫星高度计风速资料研究海面粗糙度 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
海面粗糙度对于海洋工程和海洋军事都非常重要，但对海面粗糙度的现场观测资料非常少，这大大制约了我们对海面粗糙度的认识。本文利用TOPEX高度计风速资料，实现了对海面粗糙度的反演。利用1993年和1998年两年的资料，文中对西北太平洋海域的海面粗糙度进行了研究。 相似文献
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2018年6月13日,多条线状风暴和阵风锋造成山东多地出现致灾大风,基于常规、加密气象观测资料、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料,对此次大风成因进行了分析。结果表明:(1)冷涡后部横槽转竖引导冷空气叠加在低层暖脊之上,850 hPa与500 hPa 温差高达34.7 ℃,同时925~600 hPa 的干层与地面至925 hPa的近饱和层相叠置,上下层大气之间温、湿差异显著,形成强热力不稳定,持续并增强的低层逆温层使不稳定能量得到积累,显著干层和低层强温度垂直递减率为夹卷和蒸发冷却过程提供了有利条件。(2)线状风暴各生命期强阵风是由内嵌其中的普通单体或超级单体下击暴流所引发。单体间下沉气流合并使地面大风的影响范围和强度有所增大。强阵风均伴随较强降雨和降雹,雨滴和冰雹的拖曳是产生下击暴流的重要原因,极大风速与5 min降水量具有正向相关性,青岛34.8 m ·s-1的极端大风出现时5 min降水量达19 mm。(3)山东东南部的初生对流在地面辐合线、海风锋、对流云街上被接连触发,遇阵风锋后生命史延长,得以并入到主风暴,使风暴发展壮大,而风暴中的下沉气流又驱动多股阵风锋加速向南推进,增强地面风速,阵风锋与风暴主体之间存在相互促进机制。在对流潜势较高的条件下,需关注边界层辐合线对对流的触发作用。 相似文献
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J. E. W. WICHERS 《中国海洋工程》1999,(1)
—Most terminals for tankers are piers and sea islands,while other types include single pointmoorings and multiple-buoy moorings.The LNG and LPG carrier moored to the jetty is a very commonterminal for transfer of gas in open seas.It is important to estimate the motions and line tensions of theLNG carrier when it moors to a jetty in metocean environment.Normally,the motions of the LNG carrierwould be restricted by the loading arm,which is connected to LNG carrier＇s manifold.An example of125,000m~3 LNG carrier moored to a jetty exposed to a set of environment conditions is given.Amathematical model which is based on the equations of motion in the time domain is used to the analysisof LNG moored to an offshore jetty exposed to waves,swell,wind and current.By means of a time do-main computer program TERMSIM computations are carried out to determine and optimize the lay-outand/or orientation of the jetty and mooring gear in terms of forces in mooring lines and fenders and theenvelope of motions of the loadi 相似文献
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The effect of wave age on the wind gust spectrum over wind waves is considered by using the Ochi and Shin [1988. Wind turbulent spectra for design considerations of offshore structures. Proceedings of 20th Offshore Technology Conference, Paper No. 5736, Houston, Texas. pp. 461–467] spectrum together with the wave age dependant Volkov [2001. The dependence on wave age. In: Jones, I.S.F., Toba, Y. (Eds.), Wind Stress Over the Ocean. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 206–217] sea surface roughness formula. The wave age independent Charnock [1955. Wind stress on a water surface. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society 81, 639–640] sea surface roughness is used as a reference. An example of results demonstrates a clear effect of wave age on the wind gust spectrum. 相似文献
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The effects of free-surface waves on the floating structures are of great importance in the offshore industry. Among the six degrees of motions of a surface ship the absence of restoring forces in surge, sway and yaw led to critical situations for moored ships in the recent times. The order of forces in horizontal plane and their exciting frequencies are matters of interest. The resonance with the presence of moored chains led to many accidents in the recent past. The lines in dry conditions may not give good damping and in wet condition they may trigger the system to chaotic motions and jumps. Two different loading conditions of a container ship model are tested with waves in laboratory conditions in two different drafts. The mooring lines are chosen as per scale law and the energy under the response spectrum is determined from the plots. The results give new insights into the movement of a berthed ships subjected to waves. Response of the moored ship to different loading conditions in different water depths are discussed in this paper. The paper gives the order of energy due to first-order and slowly varying movement of a berthed container model in a towing tank. 相似文献
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Subrata K. Chakrabarti 《Applied Ocean Research》1984,6(2):73-82
The contribution of the steady drift force on a floating structure may arise from waves, wind and current. The component of the wave drift force may be due to the second-order diffraction theory or potential effect and may be due to the velocity squared force or viscous effect. The presence of current in waves increases the effect of the viscous force. The expressions for these terms for a vertical cylinder are derived and their relative importance is investigated. Plots are presented showing the regions where the viscous or potential drift force predominates. Experiments were conducted with both small and large diameter cylinders. The mean drift forces obtained in these tests are compared with the theory. 相似文献
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为了了解潮流从西北太平洋经吕宋海峡进入南海内的变化及其垂向结构,本文利用在吕宋海峡附近沿东西方向布放的多套潜标同步获得的高分辨率ADCP长时间连续观测上层海流资料,使用调和分析方法将实测海流分解成3部分:不随时间变化的定常流、周期性潮流和剩余流,并将潮流分解为正压潮流和斜压潮流。通过对实测海流中各组分的分析,得到以下结论:该区域潮流类型在不同深度上有明显变化;M2潮自吕宋海峡传入南海后强度显著减弱75%左右,K1、O1分潮在上层强度减弱约三分之一。从垂向变化来看,在潮流强度上,各站点垂直方向上潮流强度均发生变化。从方向上看,各分潮潮流椭圆东西向特征明显,长轴变化较大,短轴(南北向特征)垂向变化不显著;潮流运动主要沿逆时针方向,垂直方向上潮流明显减弱或增强时会发生转向。斜压潮流主要集中在上表层,100m左右以下随深度逐渐减弱。东西方向斜压潮流能量比正压潮流强,而南北向的流比较稳定,且斜压潮流能量远小于正压潮流。定常流强度在各站点呈现相似的变化趋势,随深度变化减弱。 相似文献
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《Applied Ocean Research》2004,26(1-2):49-60
The influence of longer (swell) on shorter, wind sea waves is examined using an extensive database of directional buoy measurements obtained from a heave-pitch-roll buoy moored in deep water in the South Atlantic. This data set is unique for such an investigation due to the ubiquitous presence of a young swell component propagating closely in direction and frequency with the wind sea, as well as a longer, opposing swell. Our results show, within the statistical limits of the regressions obtained from our analysis when compared to measurements in swell free environments, that there is no obvious influence of swell on wind sea growth. For operational purposes in ocean engineering this means that power-laws from fetch limited situations describing the wind sea growth can be applied in more realistic situations in the open sea when swell is present. 相似文献
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A. V. Glazunov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2006,42(3):282-299
The neutrally stratified boundary layer over a smooth rough surface is consider. The turbulent flow is simulated using a finite-difference eddy-resolving model of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The model includes different turbulence closure schemes and numerical approximations for advection components of the momentum balance equation. We investigate the quality of reproduction of spectral characteristics of the turbulent flow and the model’s capabilities to reproduce the observed profile of mean wind velocity near the rough surface. It is shown that the best result is obtained by coupling a numerical scheme of higher order of accuracy with a mixed closure scheme based on an adaptive estimation of the mixing length for subgrid-scale fluctuations. Here, we are able to reproduce the asymptotics of the fluctuation spectrum of the longitudinal component of wind velocity near the surface and within the boundary layer as well as the logarithmic profile of mean velocity near the surface. 相似文献