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海洋沉积和成矿作用的研究包括查明不同物质来源（陆源的、水成的、热液的和土壤微生物的）的相对作用和产生过程的机理。众所周知,进入结核组分的Ｆｅ和Ｍｎ的氧化物和氢氧化物具有通过吸附反应从海水中聚集许多微量元素的能力。为了研究铁锰结核和结壳的形成条件,经常... 相似文献
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本文采用一个简单的模式研究山岳附近锋的传播和变形,这里将锋定义为两种均匀流体的分界面。由这个模式算出来的山岳附近锋的移动的基本特征已予证明。关于网格的分辩率,山地的表述以及高空流的方向和速度等方面,对山地附近锋的传播预报的敏感性作了试验。 一、引 言 冷锋的结构和它的传播速度均受到山脉的强烈影响,冷空气可以受到一个山岳的阻挡,其传播速度就会随之降低。然而,在有利的条件下,当冷锋沿着山脉移动时,它的速度明显加大。这种气流的数值模拟的出现是可能的。(例如,Gauntlett等MWR 112 1984)无论如何,然而预报这种锋的畸变仍然是困难的。 相似文献
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针对人们中间常常存在的一些模糊概念，本文阐述了什么是文件系统和数据库系统，它们在计算机软件系统中的地位，两者之间的区别和关系，最后总结了数据库系统优于文件系统之处。 相似文献
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紫菜营养细胞和原生质体的分离和培养 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
唐延林 《山东海洋学院学报》1982,12(4):37-50
六十年代初，Cocking(1960)(1)采用酶法大量分离植物原生质体获得成功。二十多年来，植物单细胞和原生质体的分离、培养的研究，得到了广泛的开展，并取得很大成就。这些成就的取得，为植物遗传育种和遗传学理论的研究开辟了广阔前景。 相似文献
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中型浮游动物因摄食微型浮游动物,释放了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,这种营养级联效应会增加浮游植物丰度和降低中型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率,从而弱化浮游生物网营养传递过程中的下行控制作用。本研究在实验室模拟了食物链中肋骨条藻-裸甲藻-双毛纺锤水蚤的营养传递过程,发现在中肋骨条藻低生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好于选择摄食裸甲藻;高生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好选择摄食中肋骨条藻。营养传递过程中存在正的级联效应(0.018~0.12 d^-1),级联效应的大小与裸甲藻的摄食率和双毛纺锤水蚤对裸甲藻的摄食选择指数呈现显著的正相关关系。双毛纺锤水蚤对中肋骨条藻的直接摄食死亡率大于营养级联效应,从而导致中肋骨条藻生物量的降低。因此,营养级联效应对中型浮游动物摄食浮游植物的影响要弱于中型浮游动物的直接摄食作用。 相似文献
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研究6种饵料微藻：微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata）、小球藻（Chlorella．sp）、球等鞭金藻（Isochrysis galbana）、三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subordi-formis）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）对双刺纺锤水蚤（Acartia bifilosa）雌体繁殖的影响，以探索适合培养双刺纺锤水蚤的藻类。应用解剖镜下计数方法对雌体存活率、产卵率、孵化率、排粪率几个指标进行检测。结果表明微绿球藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻明显不适于用作雌体饵料；中肋骨条藻组产卵率最高，亚心形扁藻和三角褐指藻组的产卵率没有显著差异；亚心形扁藻组的排粪率明显低于中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻组；摄食三角褐指藻的雌体所产的卵其平均孵化率要显著低于亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻；亚心形扁藻组雌体的产卵率尽管较中肋骨条藻组低，但却保持最高的雌体存活率，而且排粪率也要比中肋骨条藻低得多。综合比较得出结论：6种饵料微藻中，亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻是两种最适宜培养双刺纺锤水蚤雌体的优良饵料，二者混合使用效果会更好。 相似文献
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胶州湾内纺锤水蚤休眠卵的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
描述了胶州湾内双刺纺锤水蚤(Acrlia bifilasa)和太平洋纺锤水蚤(A.pacifica)卵的形态,揭示了底泥中休眠卵数量季节变动与种群数量变动的关系,并探讨了温度、盐度、泥覆盖等环境因子对休眠卵孵化率的影响。 相似文献
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不同饵料对桡足类无节幼体存活、发育的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在食物中碳质量浓度为1.0 mg/L的条件下,通过室内实验研究了不同食物对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)无节幼体存活和发育的影响。结果表明,桡足类无节幼体发育速度与存活率之间存在正相关关系。单种食物中粒径较小的微绿球藻和三角褐指藻在桡足类开口摄食期是最适宜的饵料,但在发育后期以及整个发育期则粒径较大的亚心型扁藻和中肋骨条藻更为适宜。在相同的发育阶段,小型桡足类双刺纺锤水蚤和中型桡足类中华哲水蚤对于食物粒径的选择也是不同的。与非硅藻食物相比,硅藻并非桡足类无节幼体发育的理想食物,而单种硅藻对桡足类无节幼体发育的负面影响可以通过对混合食物的摄食得到有效的减弱。 相似文献
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根据2004年1—12月用浅水Ⅰ型和浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网在胶州湾进行的每月一次垂直拖网采集的浮游动物样品,分析了胶州湾浮游动物的种类组成。调查结果表明,在胶州湾出现的浮游动物共81个种,春、夏季的种类数多于秋、冬季,湾北部的种类数少且年内波动大,湾南部、湾口和湾外种类数多且年内波动小。胶州湾浮游动物优势种为双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、短角长腹剑水蚤(O.brevicornis)、近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)、强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、八斑芮氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata)和小介穗水母(Podocoryne minima)等。从个体大小上来看,体长<1mm的浮游动物丰度最大。与历史资料的比较显示,2004年胶州湾水母类比90年代同期增加15种,八斑芮氏水母成为冬季优势种。海区比较显示,胶州湾浮游动物的种类组成与渤海相似,与黄海有所不同。 相似文献
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Louis D. Zeidberg George Isaac Chad L. Widmer Heike Neumeister William F. Gilly 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(4):468-479
Egg capsules of the squid Doryteuthis (= Loligo) opalescens were reared in the laboratory to assess the dependence of time‐to‐hatching (incubation time) and hatching success rate on temperature and light regime. Both incubation time and hatch duration were found to be inversely related to temperature. More than 96% of paralarvae hatch from eggs reared at temperatures between 9 and 14 °C. Hatch rate drops below 90% in warmer and colder water. No eggs hatch below 7 °C, and the upper limit of viability is near 25 °C. The vast majority (91%) of hatchlings emerged during the dark phase of the photoperiod. Egg capsules reared at 13.4 °C with a supposedly commensal polychaete, Capitella ovincola, had a slightly higher hatch rate than those without the annelid. Because eggs are naturally laid closely together, crowding was hypothesized to cause decreased ventilation and a lower hatch rate. Crowding was tested by placing two capsules (rather than one) into the small incubation chambers (50 ml). This treatment did not result in a lower hatch rate at 13.4 °C, but at 21.4 °C it decreased the hatch rate by 20%. Brood incubation duration is related to temperature by the equation: Incubation (days) = 14.97 + 177.40 × exp(?0.119 × Temperature –°C) (χ2 = 282.5, P = 0.001). Stable isotope analysis confirmed that C. ovincola worms eat the capsule matrix, not the paralarvae. These polychaetes had a δ15N value of 12.79‰versus 12.06‰ for squid paralarvae, and 10.54‰ for the gelatinous matrix of egg capsules. This fractionation factor ε of 2.25‰ is consistent with marine food webs. Provision of nutrients and shelter for the annelids and increased hatch rate for the squid embryos suggests a symbiotic relationship between these organisms. 相似文献
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A. F. Pasternak E. G. Arashkevich U. Grothe A. B. Nikishina K. A. Solovyev 《Oceanology》2013,53(5):547-553
Two copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus (a widespread North Atlantic species) and C. glacialis (an Arctic species), are dominant in the zooplankton of Arctic seas. We hypothesized that the anticipated warming in the Arctic might have different effects on the arctic and boreal species. The effect of temperature on egg production rate (EPR) in these species at temperatures of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10°C under contrasting feeding conditions was assessed in 5-day-long experiments. The EPR of the fed C. finmarchicus increased with temperature over the entire tested range. On the contrary, the EPR of C. glacialis increased only in the range of 0–5°C and dropped with further temperature growth. The difference in the influence of temperature on reproduction of these two species is statistically significant. Feeding conditions have a considerable effect on the C. finmarchicus EPR. The EPRs of the female C. glacialis that fed or starved for 5 days displayed no significant difference. These results suggest that the C. finmarchicus EPR increases with temperature under favorable feeding conditions, whereas the C. glacialis EPR decreases at a temperature over 5°C independently of the feeding conditions. This allows for prediction of the shift in abundances of these two species in pelagic communities of Arctic seas in the case of a warming scenario. 相似文献
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Kyoungsoon Shin Min-Chul Jang Pung-Kuk Jang Se-Jong Ju Tea-Kyun Lee Man Chang 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,57(3-4):265
Egg production, egg viability and fecal pellet production were determined for individual Acartia omorii, which were fed diets of two species of diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and three species of dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella trochoidea, Heterocapsa triquetra and Cochlodinium polykrikoides). Diets were analyzed for fatty acid content as an indicator of food quality. Depending on the diet, egg production of A. omorii varied over time, diminishing with some diets (S. trochoidea, C. polykrikoides, P. tricornutum). This rate of reduction was much more rapid for a diet of C. polykrikoides, which caused egg production to decrease to ca. 2.4 eggs f−1 d−1 in only four days. As for all diets, egg viability was high at the beginning but with the C. polykrikoides and P. tricornutum diets, it rapidly decreased with time. Fecal pellet production also varied with time, depending on the diet. Egg production rate was closely correlated with fecal pellet production. There was no direct relationship between egg viability and egg production rate, but both egg production and viability were affected by the nutritional quality of food. Egg viability was also highly dependent on the composition of fatty acids in the eggs. Egg viability showed positive correlation with the ratio of ω3:ω6 groups among egg fatty acids, and negative correlation with the ratio of 20:5 (n−3) : 22:6 (n−3). While comparing several diets, egg production rate was higher on diets (H. triquetra and S. trochoidea) containing ample amounts of essential fatty acids such as 18:4 (n−3) and 22:6 (n−3). The results suggest that fertility of A. omorii was dependent upon the quality of the food, and dinoflagellate diets, with the exception of C. polykrikoides, were preferable to diatom diets. 相似文献