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1.
海湾内外的潮波变形及其不对称性影响海湾内外动力输送和水体交换。利用乐清湾内外共9个测站连续潮位进行调和分析,得到该海湾内外各分潮变化规律,利用潮不对称性偏度计算方法确定湾内外潮汐不对称性时空变化特征,比较了主要分潮组合对潮汐不对称性的贡献度,通过数值研究探讨了湾内偏度比湾外偏度值更小的主要成因,分析了湾内外围垦工程对潮不对称偏度的影响。研究发现:乐清湾内潮汐不对称偏度值为负,表现为落潮占优,同期湾外洞头站偏度值为正,与邻近瓯江、飞云江河口的潮不对称偏度变大、表现涨潮占优的变化规律相反;湾外沿岸各站偏度由东北向西南逐渐增大,由落潮占优向涨潮占优变化;潮汐不对称性偏度呈周期性变化,分析确定M2-M4、M2-S2-MS4分潮组合对潮不对称贡献大,该海域潮汐不对称的强度主要由浅水分潮振幅控制,而相对相位则决定潮汐不对称的方向;数值研究探讨表明,湾内大范围的浅滩地形是其潮汐不对称落潮占优的主要原因,围垦将削弱湾内的落潮占优。 相似文献
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The Mandovi–Zuari estuarine network on the west coast of India consists of shallow strongly converging channels, that receive large seasonal influx of fresh water due to the monsoons. The main channels, the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, connect the network to the Arabian Sea. Observations show that tidal amplitude in the channels remains unchanged over large distances (|mS40 km) from the mouths of the main channels and then decays rapidly over approximately 10 km near the head. To understand the dynamics behind this behaviour, a numerical model for tidal propagation has been used that simulates the observed tidal elevations well. Momentum balance in the model is predominantly between pressure gradient and friction. In the region of undamped propagation, the model behaviour is consistent with the theory that geometric amplification balances frictional decay leaving the tide unchanged. This balance breaks down near the upstream end, where channels are narrowest, and mean velocity associated with freshwater influx is sufficiently large to prevent upstream propagation of tide. This leads to rapid decay in tidal amplitude. The model also shows that the mean water-level rises in the upstream direction, in the region of the decay. 相似文献
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Estimating submarine groundwater discharge at a subtropical river estuary along the Beibu Gulf,China
In certain regions,submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) into the ocean plays a significant role in coastal material fluxes and their biogeochemical cycle;therefore,the impact of SGD on the ecosystem cannot be ignored.In this study,SGD was estimated using naturally occurring radium isotopes(~(223)Ra and ~(224)Ra) in a subtropical estuary along the Beibu Gulf,China.The results showed that the Ra activities of submarine groundwater were approximately 10 times higher than those of surface water.By assuming a steady state and using an Ra mass balance model,the SGD flux in May 2018 was estimated to be 5.98×10~6 m~3/d and 3.60×10~6 m~3/d based on ~(224)Ra and ~(223)Ra,respectively.At the same time,the activities of Ra isotopes fluctuated within a tidal cycle;that is,a lower activity was observed at high tide and a higher activity was seen at low tide.Based on these variations,the average tidal pumping fluxes of SGD were 1.15×10~6 m~3/d and 2.44×10~6 m~3/d with ~(224)Ra and ~(223)Ra,respectively.Tidaldriven SGD accounts for 24%-51% of the total SGD.Therefore,tidal pumping is an important driving force of the SGD in the Dafengjiang River(DFJR) Estuary.Furthermore,the SGD of the DFJR Estuary in the coastal zone contributes significantly to the seawater composition of the Beibu Gulf and the material exchange between land and sea. 相似文献
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象山港潮滩坡度对潮动力影响的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
象山港属于狭长型半封闭港湾，湾内分布有大面积潮滩。多年以来象山港内实施了大量海岸工程及养殖工程，湾内潮滩坡度发生了显著变化。基于非结构网格和有限体积数值模式（FVCOM）建立象山港三维潮动力模型，研究湾内不同区域潮滩坡度变化对象山港潮动力过程的影响机理。结果表明：潮滩坡度下降将增大湾内纳潮量，进而增大M2分潮振幅和迟角，反之则反。铁港潮滩坡度的减小（增大），将改变底部耗散项，进而增大（减小）M4分潮振幅。由于M2和M4分潮的振幅在湾顶较大，所以湾顶（铁港）潮滩坡度对象山港潮动力过程的影响明显大于侧岸（西沪港）。西沪港潮滩坡度对象山港潮动力过程的影响是局部的。铁港、西沪港潮滩坡度对湾内潮汐不对称、余流及潮能影响显著。铁港潮滩坡度的改变均会减弱湾内落潮占优程度。西沪港区域潮滩坡度的减小将减弱湾内落潮占优趋势，反之则反。铁港和西沪港潮滩坡度的减小，将增大余流大小及潮能密度，进而潮能耗散增大，反之则反。研究结果对河口海岸潮滩区域的工程建设及生态修复有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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杭州湾潮汐特征时空变化及原因分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
杭州湾是世界著名的强潮河口湾,一直是研究的热点。基于杭州湾口内外实测潮汐资料,对杭州湾潮汐特征及时空变化进行了系统分析,包括高潮位、低潮位、平均潮位、潮差、涨潮历时以及天文潮变化,同时分析了20世纪80年代以来潮汐特征变化的原因。结果表明:最近50年来,杭州湾年平均高潮位和海平面抬高,潮差增大;澉浦年平均低潮位抬高,涨潮历时缩短,浅海分潮增大;钱塘江河口治江缩窄是造成杭州湾潮汐变化的主要因素;浙江和邻近海域的涉海工程可能是造成浙江沿海海平面上升的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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莫桑比克海峡及其邻近海区是全球海洋潮流和潮能耗散最强的海区之一。文章利用高分辨率通用环流模式对该海区的正压潮流进行模拟, 并对该海区潮能通量和潮能耗散特征进行分析。结果表明, 莫桑比克海峡及其邻近海区的潮波主要是半日分潮占主导地位, 全日分潮可忽略不计, M2分潮形成1个左旋潮波系统和1个右旋潮波系统, S2分潮形成1个左旋潮波系统。莫桑比克海峡和马达加斯加岛南部等绝大数区域的M2和S2半日潮流是逆时针旋转, 在马达加斯加岛顶部等局部区域是顺时针旋转, 而且在海峡通道等复杂地形处潮流流速量级较大。潮能通量矢量主要来自东边界, 大部分潮能通量沿马达加斯岛北部传入莫桑比克海峡区域, 其中经过马达加斯加岛北部和进入莫桑比克海峡的M2 (S2)分潮的潮能通量分别为156.86GW (40.53GW)和148.07GW (36.05GW), S2分潮潮能通量的量级大约为M2分潮的1/5~1/4。底摩擦耗散主要发生莫桑比克海峡和马达加斯加岛南北部, 其中莫桑比克海峡M2 (S2)分潮的底摩擦耗散为1.762GW (0.460GW), 占其底部总耗散的43.74% (39.72%)。 相似文献
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A combination of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and in-situ measurements provides the structures of barotropic tides,
tidal circulation and their relationship with turbulent mixing in the Java Sea, which allow us to understand the impact of
the tides on material distribution. The model retains high horizontal and vertical resolutions and is forced by the boundary
conditions taken from a global model. The measurements are composed of the sea level at coastal stations and currents at moorings
embedded in Seawatch buoys, in addition to hydrographic data. The simulated tidal elevations are in good agreement with the
data for the K1 and M2 constituents. The K1 tide clearly shows the lowest mode resonance in the Java Sea with intensification around the nodal point in the central region.
The M2 tide is secondary and propagates westward from the eastern open boundary, along with a counterclockwise amphidromic point
in the western part. The K1 tide produces a major component of tidal energy, which flows westward and dissipates through the node region near the Karimata
Strait. Meanwhile, the M2 tide dissipates in the entire Java Sea. However, the residual currents are mainly induced by the M2 tide, which flows westward following the M2 tidal wave propagation. The tidal mixing is mainly caused by K1 tide which peaks at the central region and is consistent with the uniform temperature and salinity along the vertical dimension.
This mixing is expected to play an important role in the vertical exchange of nutrients and control of biological productivity. 相似文献
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潮汐余流对中国东部海域物质输运过程起着重要作用。通过对中国东部海域的三维数值模拟,计算了潮汐余流并从潮余涡量角度分析了其形成机制。中国东部海域的欧拉余流在水深较浅的朝鲜半岛沿岸、苏北浅滩、长江浅滩、闽浙沿岸,以及冲绳海槽附近海域,流速量级较大,以余流涡旋的形式呈现,其机制为局部地形差异和潮汐水位高度波动下,科氏效应或摩擦效应导致潮周期内存在净涡量。斯托克斯漂流量级在浅水区较大,而在深水海域则远小于欧拉余流。拉格朗日余流在深水区域与欧拉余流相似,在浅水区域由欧拉余流和斯托克斯漂流共同决定。输运余流和拉格朗日余流分布特征更接近,特别是在近岸海域,但两者的物理意义并不相同。潮汐余流由于常年稳定存在,且在许多海域的流动方向同已知的沿岸流系的方向基本一致,是中国东部海域沿岸流的重要组成部分。估算出了输运余流对沿岸流的贡献率或抑制率,输运余流对近岸陆源沉积物输运和沉积物分布具有不可忽略的作用。 相似文献
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1 .IntroductionThe development and application of hydrodynamic models to predict circulation in estuarine ,coastal ,and shelf waters has been extremely active over the past three decades (Spauldinget al .,1992 ,1994) . However , most of these models are b… 相似文献
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The rise of tidal level in tidal reaches induced by sea-level rise has a large impact on flood control and water supply for the regions around the estuary.This paper focuses on the variations of tidal level response along the tidal reaches in the Yangtze Estuary,as well as the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response,due to the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Based on the Topex/Poseidon altimeter data obtained during the period 1993～2005,a stochastic dynamic analysis was performed and a forecast model was run to predict the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical models downscaling from the East China Sea to estuarine areas were implemented to analyze the rise of tidal level along the tidal reaches.In response to the sea-level rise,the tidal wave characteristics change slightly in nearshore areas outside the estuaries,involving the tidal range and the duration of flood and ebb tide.The results show that the rise of tidal level in the tidal reaches due to the sea-level rise has upstream decreasing trends.The step between the stations of Zhangjiagang and Shiyiwei divides the tidal reaches into two parts,in which the tidal level response declines slightly.The rise of tidal level is 1～2.5 mm/a in the upper part,and 4～6 mm/a in the lower part.The stations of Jiangyin and Yanglin,as an example of the upper part and the lower part respectively,are extracted to analyze the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response to the sea-level rise.The relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge can be fitted well with a quadratic function in the upper part.However,the relation is too complicated to be fitted in the lower part because of the tide dominance.For comparison purposes,hourly tidal level observations at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin during the period 1993～2009 are adopted.In order to uniform the influence of upstream discharge on tidal level for a certain day each year,the hourly tidal level observations are corrected by the correlation between the increment of tidal level and the increment of daily mean upstream discharge.The rise of annual mean tidal level is evaluated.The resulting rise of tidal level at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin is 3.0 mm/a and 6.6 mm/a respectively,close to the rise of 5 mm/a according to the proposed relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge. 相似文献
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基于一维Boussinesq方程,在斜坡海岸边界条件中考虑了半日潮及其浅水分潮的综合作用,应用摄动法得到了方程的二阶解。通过与现场实测资料和数值解的比较,分析了浅水分潮对海岸潮致地下水波动特征的影响。分析结果显示,考虑浅水分潮后,方程数值解能较好地反映实测的潮致地下水波动基本特征;方程各阶摄动解虽与现场实测数据有一定误差,但基本上能反映其波动的趋势性特征。研究结果表明,浅水分潮对海岸潮致地下水波动振幅及其超高值的影响比较显著,也能较好地改善相位上的偏移,因此在对海岸潮致地下水波动特征进行研究分析时,应该考虑浅水分潮的作用。 相似文献
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近年来,应用数值模型模拟台风引起的风暴潮运动越来越普遍,模型中对于风拖曳力系数的确定,一般都从相对风速出发,可引用的公式也较多,但这些公式很少考虑潮位变化对此系数的影响.在强潮河口、海岸海域,潮位变幅大,最高潮位甚至可达风速参考高度(10m)的近一半,如长江口和杭州湾.在数值模拟中不考虑风暴潮和天文潮共同引起的潮位变化,会造成风应力高潮时被低估、低潮时被高估的现象,从而影响风暴潮模拟的精度.为此本文对现有的风拖曳力系数加以改进,提出了考虑潮位影响的风拖曳力系数表达式,并应用于长江口、杭州湾9711号台风风暴潮的模拟中,增水模拟结果得到了明显改善,可进一步推广应用于强潮河口、海岸的风暴潮增水模拟中. 相似文献
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为掌握钱塘江河口潮波特性的响应机制，采用小波分析法研究了该河口 6 个潮位长期观测站的年平均高、低潮位及年平均涨潮历时等时间序列的变化特征，结合该河口实施的治江缩窄工程及径流周期性变化，探讨了该河口潮波特性时空变
化的因果关系。结果表明：1953—2017 年，钱塘江河口呈现出高潮位显著抬升、涨潮历时缩短，低潮位在河口上段略有抬高、中段大幅抬升、下段变化不大的趋势；受治江缩窄工程进展、位置以及径流周期性变化等影响，各站潮波特性的变化在时间上存在差异；钱塘江河口的治江缩窄工程加剧了河口下段的潮波变形和潮波反射，增强了河口上、中段的河流特性，导致高潮位抬升、涨潮历时缩短，是造成潮波特性变化的主要原因；径流直接影响河口上、中段的潮位和潮流，此外，还通过流速变化改变河床地形而间接影响潮波特性。 相似文献
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采用不规则三角形网格,利用变边界分步杂交法汁算烟台、威海南部近岸海域的潮流分布,指出此海城属于正规半日潮海域,潮波由北向南传播。 相似文献
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为研究连云港埒子口海域潮流动力特征及其对周边海岸工程的响应,以及为治理埒子口闸下淤积问题提供参考,建立了基于有限体积法离散二维浅水方程的数值模型。采用实测水文资料对模型率定和验证,应用模型分析埒子口潮流动力特征和建设徐圩港防波堤和灌河口导堤后埒子口海域潮流动力的变化。模拟结果表明,建设工程后潮流动力变化较大,埒子口海域涨急流和落急流方向改变,涨、落潮平均流速均减小,距离工程区域越近,流速变化越大。埒子口海域潮流动力减弱将会加重上游挡潮闸的闸下淤积问题,致使埒子口排水不畅,进而增加沂北地区的洪涝风险,所以,相关部门应及时采取措施,保证埒子口排涝畅通。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲径潮相互作用下潮能的传播和衰减 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
因径流潮汐相互作用,三角洲各水道的能通量包含径流引起的净通量及潮汐引起的潮能通量。本文利用珠江三角洲多断面实测水位及流量的同步测量数据,建立基于径潮耦合的调和分析模型,剥离径流信号,计算出各站的总潮能及M2、K1及高频浅水分潮的潮能,对珠江三角洲潮能的沿程传播及衰减进行研究。结果表明,通过虎门进入珠江三角洲的潮波能量约占51.2%,而通过崖门、蕉门、磨刀门传入三角洲的潮能约占37%;同时,因地形摩擦、径流耗能效应,三角洲各水道的总能量损耗为148.33 MW。潮波能量按汇聚型和分散型两大类型沿三角洲不同位置传播并沿程衰减。虎门狮子洋及珠江正干、崖门至潭江石咀两大水道体系,其潮能沿程分散传入不同汊道,断面总潮能的衰减幅度大于单宽潮能通量的衰减,单宽潮动能沿程平均衰减速率大于潮势能,半日分潮的潮能衰减速率大于全日分潮。虎门狮子洋因其形态影响,M2分潮振幅（或势能）的衰减最小,虎门至泗盛围段增加,平均每千米约增加0.77%。西四口门潮能汇聚于西海水道天河断面,总潮能的衰减速率小于磨刀门水道单宽潮能衰减速率。沿横门、洪奇门、蕉门进入的潮波多次交汇、分散,自横门至小榄、南华,南沙至海尾、荣奇,其单宽潮动能及M2、K1分潮动能的衰减速率小于潮势能,高频分潮势能沿程增加。 相似文献
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基于223Ra和224Ra的桑沟湾海底地下水排放通量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底地下水排放（SGD）是陆地向海洋输送水量和营养物质的重要通道之一,对沿海物质通量及其生物地球化学循环有重要的影响,对生态环境起着不可忽视的作用。本文运用天然放射性同位素223Ra和224Ra示踪估算了我国北方典型养殖基地桑沟湾的海底地下水排放通量。结果表明,海底地下水样尤其是间隙水中Ra活度[224Ra=（968±31）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（31.4±4.9）dpm/（100 L）,n=9]远高于表层海水[224Ra=（38.7±2.0）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（1.70±0.50）dpm/（100 L）, n=21]。假设稳态条件下,考虑Ra的各源、汇项,利用Ra平衡模型,估算出桑沟湾SGD排放通量为（0.23~1.03）×107 m3/d。潮周期内的观测结果显示,涨潮时,水力梯度较小,SGD排放变弱,落潮时,水力梯度较大,导致了相对较多的SGD排放。在一个潮周期间,基于223Ra和224Ra得到的SGD排放通量平均为0.39×107 m3/d。潮汐动力下的SGD排放平均占总SGD排放的61%,因此桑沟湾沿岸的地下水排放主要受潮汐动力的影响,并对海水组成及海陆间物质交换有显著贡献。 相似文献