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ECOM模式在丁字湾的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
应用河口、陆架和海洋模式 (ECOM模型 ) ,引入干湿网格法模拟潮滩涨落的改进 ,并建立丁字湾及近岸海域的三维变动边界潮流模型。该模型考虑了湾口拦门沙、湾内水道和人工围海等地形特点。计算结果与实测值比较符合良好 ,较好地刻画出丁字湾 M2 分潮潮流场的时空分布特点。 相似文献
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粉砂淤泥质潮滩的多波段与多时相卫片解译 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陆地卫星多波段图像可用于辨别淤积型、冲刷型和稳定型粉砂淤泥质潮滩.用多时相的6波段图像可预报潮滩的宽度和坡度.在渤海湾沿岸布置13个测量剖面,用13幅不同时相的塘沽幅卫片量计各剖面的实时潮滩宽度,并与塘沽验潮站相应的潮高资料进行对比,拟合成二次曲线.据此算得的潮高为零时的潮滩宽度以渤海湾湾顶附近岸段的最小,向南北两端增大;潮滩平均坡度的分布则相反.从卫片量得的潮滩宽度和坡度的沿岸分布,与根据海图测量的以及地面实测的具有相同的趋势,其计算精度与海图的相似,而高于滩面实测. 相似文献
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本文以21世纪初渤海湾大规模的围填海工程为背景,对2000-2015年典型年份的卫星遥感影像资料进行了岸线提取,并分析了其时空演变规律.以此为基础,建立了不同岸线及地形条件下的渤海湾水动力数值模型,计算结果与塘沽、黄骅港和东风港三个潮位观测站的实测数据吻合良好.模拟结果显示:渤海湾大规模围填海工程的建设使得三个主要工程区(曹妃甸工业区、天津港及黄骅港)附近的潮流运动更加剧烈,但对于渤海湾离岸潮流场的影响不大.M2分潮流速及流向变化明显,其最大流速方向与建筑物布置、深水航道航线方向一致.黄骅港挡沙堤的建设使其附近流场出现局部涡旋,导致潮流以旋转流的形式运动. 相似文献
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江苏省淤泥质潮滩的潮流特征及悬移质沉积过程 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
江苏淤泥质潮滩属于有大-中潮差的开敞或半开敞潮滩。根据多断面昼夜水文观测,本文分析了潮滩潮流及悬移质沉积物的分布及变化,并与荷兰瓦登海(Waddenzee)等处淤泥质潮滩进行了对比。作者指出著名的延迟机制在开敞或半开敞的强潮潮滩上的适用性和局限性,发现潮滩上有水沙的水平余循环及类潮流椭圆,认为广阔的潮滩可以分成相对独立的一系列沿岸单元。 相似文献
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以江苏川东港东南侧潮滩为研究区,通过土样采集、粒径分析、光谱测量等手段,分析了土壤含水量与光谱的关系,针对潮滩土壤含水量与光谱的二维散点形态呈"V"型分布的特点,讨论了含水量临界值的求解方法。以临界值为界,建立了高、低含水量状态的反演模型,进一步建立了兼具高、低含水量状态的综合模型。结果表明:1)潮滩土壤含水量与光谱的二维散点形态呈"V"型分布,当含水量值小于临界值,含水量与光谱呈负相关关系;当含水量值大于临界值,含水量与光谱呈正相关关系,随着波长的增加,"V"型的凹度和深度逐渐增加。2)经求导计算,临界值为32%。3)以临界含水量为界,分为低含水量段与高含水量段,分别建立含水量反演模型,预测误差分别为3.396和2.410。4)以4个波段作为参量进行逐步分析可得到与含水量具有较好单一趋势关系的波段组合形式。所建模型可以用于获取潮滩土壤含水量的空间分布,能够为研究潮滩土壤含水量与潮滩地形地貌之间的关系提供数据支持。 相似文献
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通过对渤海湾西部和南部自1975年至2010年之间不同时期卫星遥感影像的研究发现,近40年来研究区海岸形态发生了巨大的变化,海岸线长度呈现先轻微减小后大幅增加的状态,很多岸段岸线向海有较大推进,最远达20余千米;潮滩呈向海淤涨趋势,渤海湾西部年平均淤积速率比南部略大;岸线的向海推进以及潮滩的不断淤长,使得渤海湾面积持续减小。目前,研究区沿岸除存在部分河口型自然海岸线外,几乎全部变为人工海岸线。从沉积物来源、水动力变化以及人类活动等方面对研究区海岸线和潮滩演变的影响因素进行了分析,指出这些演变是自然因素和人类活动影响共同作用的结果,随着开发利用海洋活动的增加,人类活动的影响在研究区海岸带环境演变中所起的作用越来越明显和重要。 相似文献
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海草对潮滩沉积作用的影响 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17
本文通过对澳大利亚东南部海岸的库纳湾(Corner Inlet)潮滩环境中的海草带及沙滩的潮流流速、悬移质含量、沉积物组成的野外实际测量和分析,其结果表明海草对于潮滩的沉积作用具有很大的影响。潮滩中的海草足以使其底层的潮流流速减弱40%—60%、悬移质含量减少20%—35%。由于海草具有减缓潮流流速和阻碍底层细粒物质重新悬移的作用,潮滩中海草带的沉积物与其相邻的沙滩的沉积物相比较,前者含有较高的有机物质和细粒物质(淤泥和粉砂)。库纳湾的潮滩环境中,海草带往往出现于潮间带的上部和下部,因而,其潮滩沉积物的分布特征也随之表现出粗(沙滩沉积物)细(海草带沉积物)物质在水平方向上的重复更替。这种潮滩沉积物的分布特征在很大程度上与传统的潮滩沉积物的分布模式不相吻合。显然,这是与海草的存在及其对潮滩沉积作用的影响密切相关的。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献