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1.
利用1951~2003年HadISST资料集的表层海水温度（SST）资料,讨论了印度洋-西太平洋暖池（IPWP）海域,尤其是印度尼西亚贯穿流（ITF）及其周边海域SST的季节及年际变化的时空特征.研究结果表明,整个研究海域SST的年际变化均与ENSO相关,但印度洋与南海的响应特征与西太平洋的相反且不同步.前者海温变化滞后Nio3指数3~6个月,而热带太平洋西边界和ITF流经海域海温则超前1~3个月.沿ITF及其东印度洋出口,SST的年际变化规律不同于热带印度洋而与太平洋的相似,分析表明其在较大程度上受到ITF海洋桥的影响.在季节尺度上,印度洋和太平洋赤道海域SST的波动规律也有明显不同.以巽他岛弧（苏门答腊、爪哇和小巽他群岛）为界,从赤道西太平洋向西沿ITF流径,太平洋一侧SST的季节变化以0.5a周期的波动占主导,印度洋一侧则以1a周期占主导. 相似文献
2.
Analysis of the cause and effect relationships between El Niño in the Pacific and its analog in the equatorial Atlantic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. S. Kozlenko I. I. Mokhov D. A. Smirnov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(6):704-713
The relations between the processes occurring in the equatorial latitudes of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans were studied on the basis of the Granger causality analysis and a simulation of phase dynamics using the indices of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the equatorial Atlantic mode (EAM). Data on the monthly means of the sea-surface temperature over the period 1870–2006 for the Niño 3 (5° S-5° N, 150° W-90° W) and Niño 3.4 (5° S-5° N, 170° W-120° W) regions in the Pacific and the Atlantic 3 region (20° W-0, 3° S-3° N) in the Atlantic Ocean were used as the ENSO and EAM indices. The statistically significant influence of the EAM on the ENSO is noted. The lag time of this influence is estimated at two months. No significant reverse effect is revealed. An increase in the EAM’s influence on the ENSO was observed in the second half of the 20th century. 相似文献
3.
The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has great impacts on the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). In fact, two major modes of the Indian Ocean SST namely the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes, exerting strong influences on the Indian Ocean rim countries, are both influenced by the ENSO. Based on a combined linear regression method, this study quantifies the ENSO impacts on the IOB and the IOD during ENSO concurrent, developing, and decaying stages. After removing the ENSO impacts, the spring peak of the IOB disappears along with significant decrease in number of events, while the number of events is only slightly reduced and the autumn peak remains for the IOD. By isolating the ENSO impacts during each stage, this study reveals that the leading impacts of ENSO contribute to the IOD development, while the delayed impacts facilitate the IOD phase switch and prompt the IOB development. Besides, the decadal variations of ENSO impacts are various during each stage and over different regions. These imply that merely removing the concurrent ENSO impacts would not be sufficient to investigate intrinsic climate variability of the Indian Ocean, and the present method may be useful to study climate variabilities independent of ENSO. 相似文献
4.
Positive SST anomalies usually appear in remote ocean such as the China seas during an ENSO event.By analyzing the monthly data of HadISST from 1950 to 2007,it shows that the interannual component of SST anomalies peak approximately 10 months after SST anomalies peak in the eastern equatorial Pacific.As the ENSO event progresses,the positive SST anomalies spread throughout the China seas and eastward along the Kuroshio extension.Atmospheric reanalysis data demonstrate that changes in the net surface heat flux entering into the China seas are responsible for the SST variability.During El Ni o,the western north Pacific anticyclone is generated,with anomalous southwester lies prevailing along the East Asian coast.This anticyclone reduces the mean surface wind speed which decreases the surface heat flux and then increases the SST.The delays between the developing of this anticyclone and the south Indian Ocean anticyclone with approximately 3–6 months cause the 2–3 months lag of the surface heat flux between the China seas and the Indian Ocean.The northwestern Pacific anticyclone is the key process bridging the warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific and that in the China seas. 相似文献
5.
6.
利用小波分析方法,对2003-2008年周平均的Argo(地转海洋学实时观测阵)海温资料进行了分析,给出了全球上层海温年周期和半年周期振荡的空间分布特征.结果表明,南北半球中高纬地区以表层海温的年周期变化为主,在低纬度地区,表层海温以半年周期为主,而温跃层附近海温既有年周期也有半年周期(赤道太平洋、东南印度洋和赤道西大西洋以年周期为主;赤道东、西印度洋以半年周期为主).南北半球中高纬的年周期海温和北半球中纬度的半年周期海温在表层范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前.随深度的增加,范围减小,显著性降低,强度减弱,位相滞后.信号主要集中在水深50 m以上,影响深度在150m以浅;赤道附近的太平洋和热带东南印度洋的年周期海温以及赤道东、西印度洋的半年周期海温在水深100m范围最大,显著性最高,强度最强,位相最前,信号主要集中在温跃层附近,影响深度均可达500m. 相似文献
7.
Interannual variability(IAV) in the barrier layer thickness(BLT) and forcing mechanisms in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean(EEIO) and Bay of Bengal(BoB) are examined using monthly Argo data sets during 2002–2017. The BLT during November–January(NDJ) in the EEIO shows strong IAV, which is associated with the Indian Ocean dipole mode(IOD), with the IOD leading the BLT by two months. During the negative IOD phase, the westerly wind anomalies driving the downwelling Kelvin waves increase the isothermal layer depth(ILD). Moreover, the variability in the mixed layer depth(MLD) is complex. Affected by the Wyrtki jet, the MLD presents negative anomalies west of 85°E and strong positive anomalies between 85°E and 93°E. Therefore, the BLT shows positive anomalies except between 86°E and 92°E in the EEIO. Additionally, the IAV in the BLT during December–February(DJF) in the BoB is also investigated. In the eastern and northeastern BoB, the IAV in the BLT is remotely forced by equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In the western BoB, the regional surface wind forcing-related ENSO modulates the BLT variations. 相似文献
8.
利用一个较高分辨率的全球海洋环流模式在COADS 1945～1993年逐月平均资料的强迫下对海温和环流场进行了模拟试验,研究了全球热带海洋(主要是热带太平洋)海温和环流场的年际变化特征及模式ENSO冷暖事件演变的控制机理.结果表明,模式成功地再现了和观测一致的海温和环流的年际变化以及ENSO演变特征.其中热带印度洋年际SST变率的主要模态表现为与ENSO相联系的海盆尺度的一致性增暖或变冷现象,次级模态为热带印度洋偶极子模态;热带大西洋的SST年际变率表现为类ENSO的年际振荡现象.在热带太平洋,SST年际变化主要表现为ENSO型,环流的年际变率表现为与ENSO相对应的热带海洋质量循环圈的年际异常.对应于暖(冷)事件,前期赤道海洋垂直环流圈显示出减弱(增强)的特征.其中南赤道流异常的位相较Nino3区海温总体要超前5个月左右的时间;赤道上翻流异常的位相在表层要超前4个月,并随时间由上至下扩展;赤道潜流的异常则显示出东传特征,其中最早的较为显著的异常发生ENSO成熟前3个月180°附近.在模式ENSO冷暖事件的演变过程中,次表层海温异常沿赤道的东传起了关键作用,模式的ENSO模态主要表现为"时滞振子"模态. 相似文献
9.
使用１９７９年１月至１９８４年１２月向外长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）资料，对热带地区积云对流的长期变化特征进行了研究。结果表明：热带地区积云对流活动存在显著的季节变化，冬季积云对流区主要是东西向，位于南印度洋和西太平洋的近赤道地区；夏季则北移至北印度洋和菲律宾附近的西太平洋地区。低纬地区积云对流活动存在明显的季节性位移，北印度洋地区的积云对流活动主要集中在５—１０月，７—８月位置最北；北半球热带西太平洋地区的积云对流活动则主要集中在６—１１月，８—９月位置最北。标准差分析表明，冬季北半球热带西太平洋、赤道中太平洋及热带印度洋东部地区积云对流的年际变化最明显。经验正交函数（ＥＯＦ）分析的主要空间型反映了赤道中太平洋、热带西太平洋、阿拉伯海和副热带西太平洋地区的积云对流活动存在一定的关系。结合遥相关计算还表明秋云对流存在４种遥相关型，即２种东西向偶极型涛动型、西太平洋型和北印度洋型。 相似文献
10.
根据英国Hadley气候中心的海表温度资料和美国NCEP/NCAR中心的大气资料,研究了热带太平洋与热带大西洋海表温度主模态的相互作用。热带太平洋的ENSO可以导致大西洋Nino模态或经向偶极子模态,这主要是通过热带海洋-大气相互作用,或大气的太平洋-北美遥相关过程实现的。大西洋Nino模态的暖(冷)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋的海表温度降低(升高)。这可能是通过两种途径完成的:一种可能是大西洋Nino使印度洋增暖(变冷),进而引起赤道中太平洋的东(西)风异常,通过海洋-大气相互作用正反馈机制能发展成为La Nina(El Nino),使赤道东太平洋海温降低(升高);另一种可能是大西洋Nino直接可以导致太平洋Walker环流增强(减弱),从而使赤道东太平洋海温降低(升高)。 相似文献
11.
How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high？ 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The variation in the Indian Ocean is investigated using Hadley center sea surface temperature(SST)data during the period 1958–2010.All the first empirical orthogonal function(EOF)modes of the SST anomalies(SSTA)in different domains represent the basin-wide warming and are closely related to the Pacific El Ni o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)phenomenon.Further examination suggests that the impact of ENSO on the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than that on the southern Indian Ocean.The second EOF modes in different domains show different features.It shows a clear east-west SSTA dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean dipole,IOD),and a southwest-northeast SSTA dipole in the southern Indian Ocean(Indian Ocean subtropical dipole,IOSD).It is further revealed that the IOSD is also the main structure of the second EOF mode on the whole basin-scale,in which the IOD pattern does not appear.A correlation analysis indicates that an IOSD event observed during the austral summer is highly correlated to the IOD event peaking about 9 months later.One of the possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statistical relationship is proposed.The IOSD and the IOD can occur in sequence with the help of the Mascarene high.The SSTA in the southwestern Indian Ocean persists for several seasons after the mature phase of the IOSD event,likely due to the positive wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism.The Mascarene high will be weakened or intensified by this SSTA,which can affect the atmosphere in the tropical region by teleconnection.The pressure gradient between the Mascarene high and the monsoon trough in the tropical Indian Ocean increases(decreases).Hence,an anticyclone(cyclone)circulation appears over the Arabian Sea-India continent.The easterly or westerly anomalies appear in the equatorial Indian Ocean,inducing the onset stage of the IOD.This study shows that the SSTA associated with the IOSD can lead to the onset of IOD with the aid of atmosphere circulation and also explains why some IOD events in the tropical tend to be followed by IOSD in the southern Indian Ocean. 相似文献
12.
Kentaro Ando Yoshifumi Kuroda Yosuke Fujii Tatsuya Fukuda Takuya Hasegawa Takanori Horii Yasuhisa Ishihara Yuji Kashino Yukio Masumoto Keisuke Mizuno Motoki Nagura Iwao Ueki 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(4):403-426
The Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) project by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology began with deployment in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in 1998 and has shifted to steady, long-term observations since 1999. After on-site inter-comparison with the Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System mooring system of the Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean (TAO) array by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the TRITON array became the international TAO/TRITON array in 2000 as a key component of the Global Ocean and Climate Observing Systems. The TAO/TRITON array took over from the TAO array, which was developed during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere program (1985–1994), and replaced the western part of TAO with new additional real-time measurements of salinity and ocean currents. In 2001, two TRITON moorings were deployed in the eastern Indian Ocean for capturing the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole. From this initiative, the Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS) was designed, and the Indian Ocean mooring array (Research Moored Array for Africa–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction) was developed as a key component of IndOOS. In this paper, 15 years of progress in the TRITON project in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is reviewed with regards to scientific outcomes, technological development, and collaborations with international and domestic partners. Future directions for sustainable observation in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
热带西太平洋、印度洋表层水温的变异特性及其对南极冰面积变化的响应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用海洋表层水温资料（ＣＯＡＤＳ资料）,分析研究了对全球气候有重要影响的热带西太平洋、印度洋海洋表层水温的年变化和年际变化的特性,探讨了与ＥＮＳＯ和南极冰面积变化之间的联系。结果表明,热带西太平洋及印度洋表层水温具有明显的年变化和年际变化而且它们之间存在不同的变化趋势。这种结果是两大洋的水温振荡周期不同有较大关系。热带印度洋表层水温的年际变化与Ｅ１ Ｎｉ￣／ｎｏ和Ｌａ Ｎｉ￣／ｎａ的发生年份存在较 相似文献
14.
Vinu Valsala 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):479-494
The combined and individual responses of the first and second baroclinic mode dynamics of the tropical Indian Ocean to the
well-known Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) wind anomalies are investigated. The IOD forced first baroclinic Rossby waves arrive
at the western boundary in three months, while the reflected component from the eastern boundary with opposite phase arrives
in five to six months, both carry input energy to the west. The inclusion of the second baroclinic mode slows down the wave
propagation by mode coupling and stretches the energy spectrum to a relatively longer time scale. The total energy exists
in the equatorial wave guide for at least five months from the forcing, as much as 10% of that of the atmospheric input, which
mainly dissipates at the western boundary. The individual responses of the ocean to IOD interannual wind anomaly show that
the significant modes of oceanic anomalies are confined to a wave guide of 10° on either side of the equator. 相似文献
15.
利用Hadley中心海冰和海表面温度资料集Had ISST和美国国家海洋大气管理局的扩展重建海温(ERSST)海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)观测数据,结合政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)中CMIP3(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3)的24个耦合模式的模拟结果,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解等方法,对20世纪热带海洋在的SST年际变化进行了分析。结果表明,20世纪热带海洋年际变化的主要规律是ENSO信号,且有持续增强的趋势;热带海盆间存在显著的SST梯度,其长期变化与热带东太平洋显著相关。本文结论有利于理解在全球变暖背景下,海盆间的相互作用对赤道海域气候改变的影响。 相似文献
16.
基于1951—2018年哈德里中心海温资料、美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料和第四代欧洲中心汉堡模式, 针对1994年、2018年等西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)生成异常多的年份, 研究了引起TC增加的海表温度异常(SSTA)模态及其影响机制。结果表明, 北半球热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋变冷是夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数增加的主要原因, 北大西洋负三极型式SSTA促使TC生成的进一步增加。热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋冷却在菲律宾以东激发出西风异常和气旋性环流异常。北大西洋负三极型式SSTA在我国南海、菲律宾至东南沿岸激发出气旋性环流异常。前者在西北太平洋中部, 后者在南海产生有利于TC生成的局地环境。1994年和2018年夏季热带中太平洋出现暖SSTA、印度洋为冷SSTA、北大西洋呈现负三极型式SSTA, 西北太平洋TC生成频数极端增多。近30年来, 当出现热带中太平洋增暖和印度洋冷却时, 北大西洋表现出比1989年以前更强的负三极型式SSTA, 使西北太平洋TC生成频数和北半球热带印度洋-太平洋SSTA梯度的线性相关更显著。 相似文献
17.
The relative importance of tropical pelagic algal blooms in not yet fully appreciated and the way they are induced not well understood. The tropical Atlantic supports pelagic blooms together equivalent to the North Atlantic spring bloom. These blooms are driven by thermocline tilting, curl of wind stress and eddy upwelling as the ocean responds to intensified basin-scale winds in boreal summer. The dimensions of the Pacific Ocean are such that seasonal thermocline tilting does not occur, and nutrient conditions are such that tilting might not induce bloom, in any case. Divergence at the equator is a separate process that strengthens the Atlantic bloom, is more prominent in the eastern Pacific, and in the Indian Ocean induces a bloom only in the western part of the ocean. Where western jet currents are retroflected from the coast off Somalia and Brazil, eddy upwelling induces prominent blooms. In the eastward flow of the northern equatorial countercurrents, positive wind curl stress induces Ekman pumping and the induction of algal blooms aligned with the currents. Some apparent algal bloom, such as that seen frequently in CZCS images westwards from Senegal, must be due to interference from airborne dust. 相似文献
18.
ENSO variability and the eastern tropical Pacific: A review 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) encompasses variability in both the eastern and western tropical Pacific. During the warm phase of ENSO, the eastern tropical Pacific is characterized by equatorial positive sea surface temperature (SST) and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies, while the western tropical Pacific is marked by off-equatorial negative SST and positive SLP anomalies. Corresponding to this distribution are equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the central Pacific and equatorial easterly wind anomalies in the far western Pacific. Occurrence of ENSO has been explained as either a self-sustained, naturally oscillatory mode of the coupled ocean–atmosphere system or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. Whatever the case, ENSO involves the positive ocean–atmosphere feedback hypothesized by Bjerknes. After an El Niño reaches its mature phase, negative feedbacks are required to terminate growth of the mature El Niño anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific. Four requisite negative feedbacks have been proposed: reflected Kelvin waves at the ocean western boundary, a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport, western Pacific wind-forced Kelvin waves, and anomalous zonal advections. These negative feedbacks may work together for terminating El Niño, with their relative importance being time-dependent.ENSO variability is most pronounced along the equator and the coast of Ecuador and Peru. However, the eastern tropical Pacific also includes a warm pool north of the equator where important variability occurs. Seasonally, ocean advection seems to play an important role for SST variations of the eastern Pacific warm pool. Interannual variability in the eastern Pacific warm pool may be largely due to a direct oceanic connection with the ENSO variability at the equator. Variations in temperature, stratification, insolation, and productivity associated with ENSO have implications for phytoplankton productivity and for fish, birds, and other organisms in the region. Long-term changes in ENSO variability may be occurring and are briefly discussed. This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific. 相似文献
19.
The asymmetry of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)amplitudes between the positive and negative phases of the Indian Ocean dipole(IOD)are studied.The dynamic effects on it are analyzed using a hybrid coordinate ocean model(HYCOM).It suggests that the IOD is still asymmetric even when forced by a symmetric wind stress,and the asymmetry of the SSTA in the eastern pole is strong while that in the western pole is almost insignificant during the mature phase(September–November(SON)).Thus,the IOD asymmetry is primarily caused by the asymmetry in the IODE.A heat budget analysis is also conducted for the mixedlayer temperature in the eastern Indian Ocean(IODE),which indicates that a nonlinear ocean advection cools both the positive and negative IOD events.Therefore,the nonlinear ocean advection is responsible for the asymmetry of the IOD. 相似文献
20.
气候变暖背景下,全球平均海洋变暖和海平面上升显著,为人类社会的可持续发展带来巨大挑战。上层海洋热力状况是海平面变化的主导因子之一。本文围绕"21世纪海上丝绸之路"途经海区（文中简称为丝路海区）上层海洋热含量异常的区域性时空特征,分析探讨了丝路海区热比容海平面异常的时空变化、演变特征及可能影响,以期为"21世纪海上丝绸之路"海洋环境安全保障提供服务支撑。结果表明,自20世纪70年代中后期,丝路海区上层（0~700 m）海洋已明显变暖,尤其20世纪90年代中后期增暖幅度显著加大。近60年来,在丝路海区热带海洋中,西太平洋的北赤道流区及以北海域、东海黑潮流域以及南海北部和南部海区、阿拉伯海西北部海域、马来西亚西北部海域及南印度洋部分海域具有长期增暖趋势。热带西太平洋暖池区整体增暖不明显,主要与印度洋中部海域呈反位相变化,且明显受到季节和年际变化的调制。长江口附近沿岸、南海北部沿岸、中南半岛南部沿岸以及阿拉伯海西北部沿岸的近岸海域长期增暖明显,自20世纪90年代中后期,中南半岛东部和西部沿海、澳大利亚西部沿海以及我国东南沿海热比容海平面上升明显。近岸热比容海平面的季节演变对沿海地区社会和经济发展会造成一定影响。此外,东亚夏季风与东海、黄海和渤海热比容海平面的上升显著相关,同时,ENSO、太平洋年代际振荡和印度洋偶极子的发生也均与我国东南沿海和印度洋西部沿海热比容海平面上升明显关联。特别是,气候变暖情形下,各种区域性致灾因子和气候变率的协同影响会对丝路海区海岸带和沿海地区的防灾减灾与社会经济发展带来较大挑战,开展海岸带和沿海地区全球变化综合风险研究成为当前首要任务。 相似文献