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1.
渔用合成纤维及其网线和绳索是构成渔具的基本要素,其强度性能对渔具的力学性能、渔获性能、使用寿命和制造成本具有重要作用。为了满足海洋渔业不断发展的需要,我国陆续颁布了一批国家及行业质量标准,并在实践中逐步接近ISO标准或国际名牌产品标准,使渔具纤维材料性能有了较大的提高。本文通过对国内外渔具合成纤维材料强度性能的比较和分析,认为:(1)国产合成纤维长丝的有关性能与日本产品无显著差异;(2)国产PA胶丝性能普遍较好,并优于英国产品,而PA长丝捻线与国外产品尚有较大差距;(3)PE线产品性能普遍超过QJ/CNFC0292标准,但仍低于SC141—85标准要求;(4)国产PA长丝三股绳索性能与德国产品接近而高于日本产品;(5)PE和PVA三股绳索性能仅略高于日本产品;(6)渔具新材料的研制及其在渔业中的开发应用与国外相比,尚有较大差距,应得到足够重视。  相似文献   

2.
重金属对日本对虾仔存活及代谢酶活力的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李少菁  王桂忠 《台湾海峡》1998,17(2):115-120
本研究测定了铜、锌、镉对不同盐度下日本对虾仔虾的24hLC50、48hLC50、96hLC50,三种金属毒性大小依次为Cd^2+〉Cu^2+〉Zn^2+。对次致死浓度下仔虾的碱性磷酸酶(AKP),酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、及谷草转氨酸(GOT)的活性的测定结果表明:重金属对AKP、GPT、GOT活性有不同程度的抑制作用;肯随着浓度的增高,抑制作用越明显。但对ACP活性有激活作用,  相似文献   

3.
以非离子去污剂DMG增溶3种褐藻的类囊体膜,经SDS-PAGE分离色素-蛋白质复合物,并测定其光谱特性及表现分子量。结果表明,3种褐藻的电泳分离结果完全相同,都分离到6条含色素的蛋白质复合物。从不同褐藻类囊体膜上得到的同一种复合物的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱特性一致,3种褐藻的PSI复合物都有位于715nm处的长波荧光发射峰。电泳方法测得3种褐藻同一种以素-蛋白质复合物的表观分子量相近。  相似文献   

4.
根据已开发鱼类种群的自然死亡率(M)在鱼类资源评估中的重要作用,讨论了1种应用实际种群分析(VPA)(亦即世代分析方法)估算鱼类自然死亡率的方法.文中假设了捕捞努力量(E)已知和未知2种情况,并同时求出了其他种群参数,如可捕系数,补充量等.在蒙特卡罗模拟分析中,假设了4种模拟渔业(管理良好的渔业,掠夺式渔业,恢复性渔业和稳定性渔业)对该方法进行了验证.并将von-Bertalanffy生长方程(VBGF)引入VPA模型来估算鱼类的自然死亡率.当CV等于20%时,在4种模拟渔业中鱼类各龄自然死亡率(Ma)的EP均小于10%.在已知单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据时,计算北大西洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)的M等于0.119,这个结果比先前假定的值(0.3)小,但考虑到该鱼种所承受的高的捕捞压力作者认为该估计值是合理的.  相似文献   

5.
由时域有限连续信号的部分频段值重构其它频段值的问题,可以转化为求解线性方程A·x=b的问题。奇异值分解(SVD)方法能够清楚地刻画算子A的值域和数值零空间,通过计算信号与所张成值域的正交基的内积,可以预先判断信号重构性能的好坏。数值计算表明SVDTikhonov正则解比Papoulis-Gerchberg(PG)算法在色噪污染情况下有更好的抗干扰性。  相似文献   

6.
应用动态灰色模型(GM)的灰色关联分析(GIA)为单道扫描(SCS)电感偶合等离子发射光谱(ICPOES)选择内标(ISTD)。经发射强度序列的GIA计算和关联度序列优化后,Ge 219.87 被指定为内标。应用内标法和无内标法对中华人民共和国标样GB07232 的各元素的分析结果的相对百分误差范围分别为:0.8% ~7.5% 和2.5% ~17.5% 。变更系数(CV)范围分别为:0.7% ~2.9% 和2.0% ~5.8% 。对内标选择与平均关联度的关系,Ge 219.87 特征的某些具体问题及统计相关分析与灰色关联分析在内标选择计算中的不可替代性问题,亦进行讨论  相似文献   

7.
在这项正进行的计划的初始阶段,对将近500个阀控铅酸(VRLA)单体电池(cel—以下译为单体)和6V的整体电池(monblocs—以下译为电池)作了容量试验,并测量了电导和诸如浮充电压及比重等常规的诊断参数。所研究的单体工作年限为4年到6年,容量为200~1000Ah,还包括一组6V200Ah的电池。实际设备包括:安装在一个典型电话馈电站内的18个48V1000Ah由单体组成的并联电池串;蜂窝式电话站内的二至三个48V200Ah的单体组成的并联电池串;以及一个UPS站中的由60个6V电池组成的三个并联电池串。尽管在测定的大多数电池串里,每个单体的容量在0%~100%范围,但容量和传统的诊断参数—浮充电压或比重—基本上没有相关性。相反,电导和容量的相关系数普遍地较高。由于相关性好,因此,用每个单体的电导值进行容量的统计预测,可得到相当好的结果。虽然仍需对其他类型的VRLA单体(特别是胶体电解质电池)、其他应用和其他电源设备的结构形式中的VRLA单体的容量/电导,进行更多的测定,但现在可以这样说:用电导测试代替VRLA电池的容量测试看来前景极佳,且与传统诊断方法相比有许多优点。另外的数据表明:由性能好的、  相似文献   

8.
传统的渔业资源评估方法对数据有一定的要求,而现有的许多渔业缺乏相关数据,造成了渔业评估和管理上的障碍。特别是自然死亡率,由于观测和计算的困难,研究中一般通过经验公式等方法进行假话,而不同来源的数据和估算方法的结果存在较大差异,可能导致在渔业资源评估和管理中很大的不确定性。本研究以蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)为例,利用MSE比较了22种基于有限数据的渔业管理规程(MP),筛选出DCAC、SPMSY、curE75、minlenLopt1 4种对于M不确定性较为稳健的的管理方法,并针对不同年代的自然死亡率以及通过不同计算方法得出的自然死亡率对这4种MP进行了管理策略评价。结果表明:M自1980s至今的不同年代间有显著降低趋势,该变化对MP管理效果产生了较强影响。随着M降低,种群B>0.5BMSY的概率显著上升,而过度捕捞可能性在不同MP间有方向性的差异。M变化对对curE75、minlenLopt1的长期产量的影响较小,而对DCAC、SPMSY的AAVY<15%的可能性变化较大,即降低产量的波动。不同M估算方法的估计值相差不大,对MP管理影响不明显。综合结果来看,Cur75受自然死亡率不确定性影响较小,对于渔业资源的开发和保护两个方面有着最好的权衡,最适用于我国蓝点马鲛渔业的管理。  相似文献   

9.
崔茂常 《海洋科学》1995,19(5):15-18
70年代初,全球气候问题开始成为举世瞩目的大事,而且人们已逐渐认识到海洋在全球气候系统中的重要性。因此,海气相互作用对气候形成及演变作用的研究获得了巨大发展。如,70年代末美国开始的“赤道东太平洋环流研究”(EPOCS:1978年至今)、“太平洋赤道动力学”(PEQUAD)、“热带热量”(Tropi-calHeat)、“第一次全球大气实验”(FGGE)以及现在还在进行的国际计划“热带海洋与全球大气”(TOGA;1985~1994)、“世界大洋环流实验”(WOCE:1990~2000)和世界各国或…  相似文献   

10.
研究海脉冲营养素“HMC”对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明:小鼠口服HMC300mg/kg·d,连续7~10d,可增加小鼠免疫器官的重量(P<0.05);提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数(P<0.01);促进PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化反应(P<0.01)和提高ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率(P<0.05);对小鼠血清溶血素和PFC数目的生成无显著影响(P>0.05),对HPA和CTX引起的免疫抑制有拮抗作用。提示:HMC是一种有效的免疫调节剂。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper Cohort Analysis (VPA) with the data on catch in number by age and year is used to estimate independently fishing mortality, abundance and actual number of spawning stock of the Pacific herring in the Huanghai Sea. The results show that catch rate of the fishery is very high, and that the fishing mortality of the dominant age group aged 2-4 was 0.87-2.97 during the years 1971-1984. The size of year class has been decreased since 1982 although the variability for this species in the Huanghai Sea is frequent. This results in reducing the recruitment of the fishery, the abundance and the actual number of spawning stock. Therefore, an urgent management measure should be considered.The magnitude of several sources of errors in Cohort Analysis (VPA) are examined, and the precision of the estimates is mainly dependent on an accurate natural mortality.  相似文献   

12.
Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus(Bloch, 1791) is among the most abundant and commercially important species in Pakistan. From the coast of Pakistan, four demersal trawl surveys in October–November 2009 and May–June, August, October and November in 2010 were carried out. The purpose of this study is to estimate the population dynamics and status of the stock of the N. japonicus from Pakistani waters based on the research trawl surveys from the research area. The data consist of n=784 length-weight pairs and n=7 530 length frequency with the maximum length and weight of 29 cm and 358 g respectively. The length frequency data were analyzed using ELEFAN method in FiSAT computer package. The parameters of length and weight relationship were b=2.778, a=0.032 and R2=0.973. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=30.45 cm, K=0.270 year-1. Based on length-converted catch curve analysis the total mortality(Z) during this study was estimated at 0.960 year-1. The natural mortality coefficient(M) was 0.74 year-1 using Pauly's equation(the annual average sea surface temperature was 27°C), therefore, the fishing mortality coefficients(F) were 0.22 year-1. The yield per recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 2, Fmax was estimated at 1.2 and F0.1 at 1.1. When tc was 1, Fmax was estimated at 0.95 and F0.1 at 0.8. Because current age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.22, Fcurrent is smaller than F0.1 and Fmax, which indicated that the fishery is about in a safe condition. When using Gulland(1971) biological reference point, Fopt was equals to M(0.74). The current fishing mortality rate of 0.22 was smaller than the target biological reference point.  相似文献   

13.
鱼类自然死亡率的估算及其影响因子的探讨   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
为探讨鱼类自然死亡率参数,文中讨论了1种通过资源量和渔获量数据估算鱼类自然死亡率(M)的方法。蒙特卡罗模拟分析显示当资源量的白色噪音,即变异系数(CV)水平小于大约10%时自然死亡率的估计值基本上是准确的;捕捞死亡率的变化对自然死亡率估计的影响不大。文中构造了长寿命自然死亡率小和短寿命自然死亡率大的2个鱼类种群,模拟结果表明这种方法更适用于寿命短而自然死亡率大的种群。另外该方法在黄海鲲鱼(Engraulis japonicus)渔业数据上的应用同样得到了良好的结果。  相似文献   

14.
本文根据2003-2009年1-5月和2011年1-5月西南大西洋海域阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)的生产数据,结合遥感获得的海表面温度(SST)和海表面高度(SSH)数据,利用不同权重的栖息地指数模型来预报阿根廷滑柔鱼的中心渔场。采用外包络法,利用作业次数与SST、SSH建立适应性指数(SI)模型,依据作业次数比重和产量比重来比较不同权重的算术加权模型(AWM),从而筛选出最佳模型,并对最佳模型进行验证。结果显示,确定AWM(a=0.3,SST权重为0.3,SSH的权重为0.7)为最佳模型,当栖息地适应性指数(HSI)大于0.6时,作业次数的比重为93.23%,产量比重为89.28%,当HSI小于0.4时,作业次数的比重为2.12%,产量比重为3.35%。利用2011年1-5月的生产数据和环境数据对AWM(a=0.3)进行验证,结果显示,在HSI大于0.6的海域,各月作业次数比重均在91%以上,产量比重均在95%以上。研究表明,在阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场形成中SSH比SST更为重要,基于SST和SSH的AWM(a=0.3)能够较好地预测西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼的中心渔场。  相似文献   

15.
The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries. Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and published data, we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model of twenty common and commercially important species in this area. We then use the model to project the status of the species from 2016 to 2050 under five c...  相似文献   

16.
Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) requires taking account of indirect effects (such as habitat destruction, incidental mortality, and competition between the fishery and marine mammals or birds) and dealing with non-commensurate values (such as yield from the fishery and production of offspring by the birds or mammals competing for the same resource). The perspective of EBFM requires that the rate of fishing mortality is less than the value that provides maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but the question is how far below this level should the fishery operate? For this problem in multiobjective programming, simple method of solution was developed and illustrated with the fishery for sandeels (Ammodytes spp.) in the Shetland Islands. The yield from the fishery at a given fishing mortality F is scaled by MSY (so that this quantity increases as fishing mortality increases from 0 to that giving MSY) and the breeding success of predators (black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea) at a given fishing mortality is scaled by that in the absence of fishing. The result is two non-dimensional quantities that can be combined into a single value function, which can then be explored or optimized. It is shown that a reduction of only about 20 percent in yield can nearly double the breeding performance of the more sensitive predator. Extensions of the method are discussed; these include the use of maximum economic yield (MEY) and state dependent life history, as implemented by stochastic dynamic programming.  相似文献   

17.
Given the focus on protecting natural assets in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, it is important for managers and policy makers to understand the value of recreational fishing in the area, and how changes in management may affect those recreational values. Travel cost methods were used to estimate the value of recreational fishing in the Capricorn Coast in Central Queensland using data from on-site surveys conducted at boat ramps. The study also uses contingent behaviour models to estimate the change in the value of recreational fishing as conditions vary. Results indicate that there are high values associated with recreational fishing activity along the Capricorn Coast, and that the demand for recreational fishing is inelastic and that values are relatively insensitive to changes in catch rates.  相似文献   

18.
The risk of seabird–fishery interactions in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) was examined by analysing the overlap of seabird distributions with tuna and swordfish pelagic longline fisheries managed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and its constituent members. The study used spatially-explicit Productivity–Susceptibility Analysis (PSA). Key data inputs were species productivity, fishing effort, likelihood of capture and species density by region. The outputs tailored results to the needs of fisheries- and wildlife-managers, indicating areas of greatest risk of species interactions, species of greatest concern for population impacts, and the flags or fisheries most likely to contribute to the risk. Large albatross species were found to be most likely to suffer population effects when exposed to longline fishing activity, followed by the larger petrels from the genuses Procellaria, Macronectes and Pterodroma. A mixture of coastal states with nesting seabird populations in their Exclusive Economic Zones (New Zealand, Australia and United States of America), distant water fishing nations (Japan, Taiwan) and flags of convenience (Vanuatu) contributed 90% of the risk to seabird populations. Recommendations include enhancing the level of fisheries observer monitoring in areas indicated as high to medium risk for seabird interactions, and consideration of spatial management tools, such as more intensive or more stringent seabird bycatch mitigation requirements in high- to medium-risk areas. The methods used, and similar studies conducted in the Atlantic Ocean could lead to improved targeting of monitoring resources, and greater specificity in the needs for seabird-mitigation measures. This will assist in reducing seabird mortality in longline fishing operations and with more effective use of resources for fishery managers in both domestic fisheries and RFMOs.  相似文献   

19.
不同种群结构或种群分布的空间异质性是导致模型错误的一个重要因素,并在渔业资源评估中对参数估计有重要影响。本文根据状态相关的洄游率与区域相关的捕捞死亡率,利用合成模型,模拟了印度洋长鳍金枪鱼年龄空间结构的异质性,并生成了资源评估数据。基于这些数据,本文研究了用于空间异质资源评估模型的不同空间配置、选择曲线及CPUE(Catch Per Unit Effort)使用场景的表现。本文结果表明:(1) 尽管同操作模型一致的空间动态配置能在所有模拟场景中对相对产卵生物量、相对死亡系数、最大可持续产量提供准确、无偏估计,但若由于知识与数据限制,使空间动态配置与操作模型不一致,则其表现可能相当差;(2) 对于空间配置,边界划分必须正确,但对于非空间配置,不管边界划分正确与否,只要划分的区域能合理反映现场数据的变化,并能通过增加空间参考参数从而能有效减少忽略空间结构的影响即为合理;(3) 尽管区域作为渔业的方法及灵活的时变选择曲线是一个较好备选方法,可用于解决空间结构问题,但这些方法并不能完全消除由空间结构而引起模型错误导致的影响,从而使模型的参数估计具有很大的不确定性、相同评估模型不同参数的估计质量不一致、相同评估配置的评估质量在不同模拟场景下存在很大的差异;(4) 尽管采用多个CPUE指数一般可以避免最差的参数估计,但没有更好的选择或生成CPUE指数的方法可以用于显著提高资源评估质量,因为忽略空间结构将导致所有资源评估模型预测的CPUE所包含的信息通常不同于观测的CPUE。对比不同建模者的模型配置的评估结果,除了与操作模型完全匹配的空间配置外,其他模型配置的表现均与具体案例有关。从这个意义上讲,本文研究结果不仅对当前印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源评估有益,也将增加对空间结构配置效果的理解。  相似文献   

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