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1.
冲绳海槽中南部不同环境表层沉积物质来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对冲绳海槽中南部3种不同沉积环境(东海外陆架、东海陆坡和冲绳海槽)表层沉积物进行了稀土等元素地球化学分析,结果显示,冲绳海槽和陆坡表层沉积物具有与台湾物质来源类似的稀土元素配分模式,La/Sm-Gd/Yb散点图也显示海槽和陆坡沉积物主要分布在台湾物源端元区,表明冲绳海槽中南部海槽和陆坡表层沉积物主要来源于台湾,而外陆架沉积物明显的重稀土亏损与大陆河流(特别是长江、黄河)沉积物来源较为一致。为进一步判断外陆架表层沉积物来源,对外陆架沉积物重矿物进行分析鉴定,结果显示,外陆架沉积物重矿物以普通角闪石-绿帘石-石榴石-赤褐铁矿为组合特征,与长江沉积物重矿物组成特征类似,其明显缺乏台湾河流来源的典型重矿物锆石、黄河来源典型重矿物云母、浙闽沿岸来源典型重矿物磁铁矿,说明台湾、黄河和浙闽沿岸并非研究区外陆架表层沉积物主要物源。根据以往测年等研究成果,研究区外陆架沉积物年代较老,应为古长江物质经东海现代环流体系不断改造而成。 相似文献
2.
通过对东海外陆架-陆坡-冲绳海槽表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物组成的分析,探讨了3个不同沉积单元底质沉积物成因及物质来源。结果表明,东海外陆架→陆坡→冲绳海槽,沉积物粒度整体上逐渐变细。东海外陆架沉积物具有明显海滩砂或者破浪带砂的特征,为晚更新世冰消期海侵的产物,属于"残留沉积"。海槽西坡沉积物粒度参数具有重力流沉积特征,反映了沉积物由外陆架向海槽以滑塌或重力流的搬运方式。海槽槽底细颗粒沉积物悬移组分占主导的特点体现了半深海沉积特征,其主要来源于台湾和中国大陆长江、闽江等入海河流。物质来源一方面反映了黑潮对于细颗粒台湾源物质的输运的巨大作用;另一方面体现了来源于中国大陆源细颗粒物质存在以近底侧向搬运、"冬贮夏输"悬浮搬运等多种输运机制。 相似文献
3.
东海沉积环境分区及其基本特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
牛作民 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1985,(2)
东海是西北太平洋边缘海之一,海域十分广阔,面积达770000平方公里.除冲绳海槽水下地形比较复杂外,陆架区都较平缓,呈阶梯状由西北向东南缓慢下降(图1).沿岸有长江等河流携带丰富的陆源物质入海(表1),形成东海陆架现代沉积是陆源碎屑物质组成的基本特征.冲绳海槽现代沉积除东面槽坡不受我国陆源碎屑影响外,西面槽坡和槽盆无论从沉积物的矿物组合特征和生物遗骸来看,仍明显受到我国陆源碎屑的影响.东海生物资源异常丰富,是我国重要的渔业生产基地.近年来随着海底石油资源的发现和开发,东海必将进一步引起世界各国的注意. 相似文献
4.
冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物的重矿物分布和来源 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
根据冲绳海槽表层沉积物的重矿物含量变化、物源、成因、地貌和沉积特征划分出东海陆坡、琉球岛坡和海槽槽底三个矿物组合区以及六个矿物组合亚区，并对其物质来源和影响范围作了讨论。 相似文献
5.
冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
通过对冲绳海槽2000多公里的实测单道地震资料(95和99航次)和沉积物柱状样(92航次)分析,认为滑塌和重力流是冲绳海槽西部陆坡(东海陆坡)碎屑沉积物向海槽搬运的重要方式;分析结果表明,西部陆坡这两种作用是广泛存在的。陆坡沉积物堆积速率、地形坡度和构造活动、地震、海啸等因素造成了陆坡南、北和中段之间的滑塌和重力流发育程度存在差异。海底滑塌和重力流这两种作用可以同时发生,也可以单独发生,但柱状样揭示重力流发生得更频繁。从空间分布上看,海底滑塌主要分布于上陆坡的断裂带附近,平行海槽呈带状延伸;而重力流沉积主要分布于断裂带向下一直到槽底的部位。重力流沉积主要有4种表现形式：1)沉积物重力蠕动;2)浊积平原;3)透镜状浊积体;4)沿斜坡的碎屑流沉积。上述研究表明,滑塌和重力流不仅是陆架向海槽输送物质的重要方式,也对陆坡沉积结构的塑造起了重要的作用。 相似文献
6.
冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物物质来源的定量分离:Sr-Nd同位素方法 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
利用1994年85－904航次获取的冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物样品，测定其硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Cr和^143Nd/^144Nd比值，以定量研究冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物硅酸盐物质的来源，结果表明，冲绳海槽中段陆坡区表层沉积物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Sr/^143Nd/^144Nd与东海陆架沉物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Sr和^143Nd/^143Nd相当，槽底和东坡沉积物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Cr和^143Nd/^144Nd值介于中国大陆硅酸盐物质和海槽水山碎屑的^87Sr/^86Sr,^143Nd/^144Nd比值之间，并大致具有两端员混合特征，利用以Sr同位素为参数的二端员混合方程进行物源定量分析的结果表明，冲绳海槽中段的西坡和槽底表层沉积物硅酸盐相以陆源物质为主，最大值为91．07％，由西向东，陆源物逐渐减少，在海槽东坡含量最小，最小值为9．93％，火山源物质在东坡含量最高，量大值为64．92％，由东向西，由北向东，火山源物质逐渐减少为零。 相似文献
7.
东海全新世沉积强度分区 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
主要按年代地层学 1 0 .3ka B.P.～ 1 2 ka B.P.,参考岩性和生物地层学方法 ,统一和确认了东海全新统底界。综合分析东海 52个钻孔和柱状岩芯资料 ,进行了全新世沉积强度分区 ,按沉积速率高低分为现代长江水下三角洲沉积区、浙闽近岸浅海沉积区、陆架东北冷涡沉积区、陆坡与冲绳海槽沉积区以及陆架残留沉积区。并对各区的沉积机理作了分析解释。 相似文献
8.
东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。 相似文献
9.
东海的构造运动及演化 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18
东海新生代(包括白垩世)构造运动主要根据地震资料,反映了九次构造运动.其中六次代表了影响整个东海的全区性构造运动,对东海陆架盆地成生演化具重大影响的有三次,即基隆、玉泉和龙井运动;对冲绳海槽盆地有影响的是两次即龙井和冲绳海槽运动.东海构造运动的演化有自西向东逐渐推进之势.早第三纪断陷作用在陆架西部有较强的表现,玉泉运动时其重心移至陆架东部,龙井运动后构造及沉积作用转向钓鱼岛隆褶带以东冲绳海槽,第四纪以来运动的中心则向冲绳海槽南部海槽坳陷转移. 相似文献
10.
对东海中南部海域表层沉积物进行了重矿物鉴定,探讨了其物质来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了分析。研究区碎屑重矿物共有40余种,还有少量岩屑和风化碎屑。暗色重矿物含量高值出现在100m以深的东海外陆架,浙闽近海一带暗色重矿物含量低。稳定重矿物含量与离岸距离有一定的相关性,从内陆架到外陆架,含量有逐步增加的趋势。云母类矿物高值集中于浙闽近海内陆架一带;自生黄铁矿也集中浙闽近海水深50m以浅的内陆架,说明该区水动力偏弱,主要为还原环境。聚类分析表明,研究区划为2个分区。Ⅰ区包括浙闽近海海域和台湾海峡中西部海域,水深在60m以浅,主要是长江物质在沿岸流作用下向南搬运沉积。Ⅱ区包括东海中外陆架、陆坡以及冲绳海槽的部分海域,水深多在80m以深,其物源来自东亚大陆,形成于晚更新世低海平面时期。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献