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为解决国内现有天然气水合物采样器无法实现大深度保真取样的问题,提出一种配套气垫式保真筒的深海天然气水合物采样器,并以气垫式保真筒的保压特性作为研究重点。在考虑采样过程中样品自身体积膨胀因素的基础上,建立了不含气垫保真筒和气垫式保真筒的数学模型,并通过仿真计算,对不含气垫保真筒和气垫式保真筒的保压特性进行了分析。实验结果表明基于样品自身体积膨胀的不含气垫的保真筒和气垫式保真筒保压特性理论研究是正确的,同时,也表明气垫式保真筒具有良好的保压性能,极具开发价值。 相似文献
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从柱座标系下的势流方程出发，推导了异重流体在谐振情况下的势流方程的解，得到了柱内外与环域中的异重流体压力的理论计算公式。给出了壳体内外表面压力系数的计算式。依据所推公式进行了计算，绘制了曲线图，曲线显示了合理的变化趋势。 相似文献
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基于紊流随机理论的航槽三维流动数学模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据窦国仁的紊流随机理论，建立了一种模拟河口海岸水域中航槽三维流动的数学模型。采用控制体积法导出三维偏微分方程的离散格式；将水压力分解为动水压力和静水压力，用Patankar和Spalding提出的压力校正法求解动水压力，通过求解水位控制方程来得到自由表面；紊流模型采用安国仁提出的紊流随机理论，克服了k—ε模型中采用各向同性紊动粘滞系数的不足，而k—ε模型可作为紊流随机理论的一个特例。该模型计算了各种不同挖深比，各种航槽与水流交角的航槽流速分布，利用该模型计算得到的挖槽中的流速分布与水槽及水池试验资料相吻合。利用该模型可为开敞水域中开挖航槽的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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等向压缩线不唯一及V-lgp空间内非线性变化是砂土压缩模型构建过程中存在的两大问题。通过分析砂土的等向压缩曲线变化特征,结合其力学特性提出了与临界状态线在0点相交并与其它等向压缩线在高压下相互汇聚的等向压缩线作为参考压缩线。采用ln(V-Vmin)-(p/pa)ξ空间内线性函数来描述参考压缩线与临界状态线。利用当前体积到参考压缩线的距离构建状态参量并建立修正函数以获取其它体积下的压缩曲线斜率。参考压缩线及弹性变形规律。基于参考压缩线建立的砂土压缩模型不仅表现出砂土在低应力段的小变形特征及高压下的近似线性关系,而且能够描述极限体积附近的低压缩性特征。模型预测与Toyoura砂等向压缩试验及循环压缩试验、弯曲元试验及共振柱试验对比结果表明,提出的砂土压缩模型不仅能够很好地描述Toyoura砂的压缩特性,而且能够较为可靠地预测砂土弹性变形趋势。 相似文献
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海底沉积物保真采样技术研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
海底沉积物保真采样对于诸多海洋科学研究非常重要，各种研究目标的实现与沉积物样品的原位信息密切相关。本文论述了海底沉积物保真采样的目的和意义，提出了保真采样的定义，介绍了保真采样器的发展现状。论文重点讨论了保真采样器在采样过程中所涉及的共性关键技术。在此基础上，介绍了我国重力活塞式天然气水合物保真采样器的研究进展。最后，提出了关于发展我国保真采样技术的如下几点设想：1）重视沉积物低扰动技术研究，为相关海洋科学研究提供样品层次清晰、物质成分完备的沉积物样品。2）与HYACINTH计划类似，为适应不同海底地质条件，开发系列保真采样器。对松软的非岩性沉积物（从软泥、沙到砂砾）采样时，可采用重力驱动或震动冲击驱动保真采样装置；对硬质岩化的沉积物采样时，可采用回转式保真采样装置。3）重点开展沉积物样品无压降转移技术。实现实验室内的保真分析、存储和小段样品获取，开展原位压力条件下沉积物样品的地球物理学测试、地球化学、微生物、和石油物理学等研究分析。4）开展长柱状沉积物保真采样技术研究，为我国天然气水合物研究提供技术保障。 相似文献
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针对深海管道在侧向静水压条件下发生局部屈曲压溃的情况,研究了关于管道前屈曲阶段变形响应和压溃压力的计算方法。假定管道前屈曲阶段发生沿轴向均匀一致的椭圆度变形,建立基于圆环的力学模型,考虑几何大变形和材料的弹塑性本构关系,利用虚功原理建立平衡方程。通过选用合适的位移离散函数对方程组数值离散,并利用牛顿法进行数值求解,得到含椭圆度缺陷的管道截面的变形响应和压溃压力。通过试验、有限元分析和规范对理论计算结果进行了对比验证,证明该方法精度可靠,与事实吻合。最后,计算了初始椭圆度缺陷对不同径厚比管道的压溃压力的影响。 相似文献
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O.YeZatsepina B.A.Buffett 《海洋地质》2002,(1):75-80
在几乎所有的海底都有适合于天然气水合物的温度和压力，但是热力学平衡提出了形成水合物需要另一个涉及到溶解气浓度的条件。通过一种模拟退火算法--这种算法使得甲烷气体与海水混合物的自由能最小-我们量化了水合物的热力学条件。平衡相用一个压力、温度和盐度的函数来描述各稳定相的成分。我们发现溶解气的浓度（溶解度）随着温度的增加而迅速下降。在海水中，气体溶解度在特定的盐度时也是降低的。由于低溶解度会减少形成水合物所需要的气体量，所以海水中的盐实际上促进了水合物的形成。盐度的变化（常常引起水合物形成情况的变化）增加了一个热力学自由度，这就形成了一个三相区，此区域中水合物、海水和自由气体在恒压下的一个温度范围内共存。我们把该计算用于确定海底稳定相的分布。气体溶解度的计算结果表明水合物可以直接由海底的溶解气结晶而成。气体沿着平衡浓度梯度的扩散表明气体被连续不断地由水合物层运送到所覆盖的海水中。为了在海底沉积的过程中保持水合物，需要有一个持续的甲烷气源以弥补扩散所引起的损失。通过简单的近海沉积的物理条件模型就可以估算水合物的生长和消耗。 相似文献
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A Novel Mechanical Gas-Tight Sampler for Hydrothermal Fluids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ying Chen Shijun Wu Yingjun Xie Canjun Yang Jiafan Zhang 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(3):603-608
A new mechanical gas-tight sampler has been designed to collect hydrothermal fluids at the seafloor. A key feature of the sampler is the novel sample valve which is pressure balanced under deep sea, and actuated by the ram on a submersible's manipulator. The sampler is designed to be deployed at the seafloor 3000 m underwater and can be used to sample hydrothermal fluid with temperature up to 400degC. Compressed gas is used to compensate for pressure reduction of sample fluids. Simulation of the flow system was conducted to estimate the fill rate. The sampler has been tested successfully in the first Sino-American Cooperative Deep Submergence Project from August 13 to September 3, 2005. 相似文献
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可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深海海水中气体的含量可以在一定程度上标识深海资源蕴藏量,因而实现对深海海水的气密采样意义重大.为此设计了一种可浮动的自锁装置,并采用压力自适应平衡原理,实现了对深海海水的气密采样.实验室和海上试验结果均表明深海气密采水器在装上可浮动自锁装置后耐压能力和气密性都得到了有效的提高,对初始压强为1.208 MPa的N2气保压2 h,压力损失不到1.2%,并成功地实现了对960 m深的海水样品的气密采样.此样品中CH4浓度为5.44 nmol/dm^3,CO2浓度为140.6nmol/dm^3.该可浮动自锁式深海气密采水器的研制为深海资源勘探分析提供了必要的技术支持. 相似文献
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A pressure tight sediment samphng technology, which can be introduced into the modification of the piston corer to accommedate the investigation of gas hydrate, is put forward. In this paper, the three basic rules of the technology are analyzed in detail: specimen transferring rule, seal self-tightening rule and semi-active pressure holding rule. Based on these, the structure of the pressure tight piston corer is put forward and its working principle is analyzed. Finally, a pressure tight sediment sampler, to which the same technology is apphed, is researched through experiments. Results show that the sampler based on the above-mentioned theory has a good ability in samphng and in -situ pressure holding. 相似文献
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杨振华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(4)
采用声学方法精密测定汞被高压强压入储油岩样的渗入体积，对岩芯孔隙结构测定中的汞体积计量方法作了重要改进。本方法以无水酒精作为计量工作介质，在其中发射声波，通过对汞界面反射声波的识别，进行非接触的声学测量，从根本上解决了当前国内外采用的电阻法，电容法无法避免的由于汞腐蚀或油污染而要求经常进行与有毒汞接触的清洗，并且确保了计量系统工作性能的长期稳定与准确可靠。在０．０１ＭＰａ至５０ＭＰａ压强范围内连续计量，量程０～１０ｍｌ，准确度０．０１ｍｌ。 相似文献
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AbstractVolume change during natural gas hydrate dissociation is important for calculation of excess pore pressure and corresponding submarine slope stability. A short discussion is presented here to the paper of Wang et al. including some notes about the standard condition and parameters used in their model. This discussion calls attention to the wrong use of standard temperature and pressure during calculation of volume change, excess pore pressure, and submarine slope stability. 相似文献
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Gas-bearing sediments are widely distributed in five continents all over the world. Most of the gases exist in the soil skeleton in the form of discrete large bubbles. The existence of gas-phase may increase or decrease the strength of the soil skeleton. So far, bubbles’ structural morphology and evolution characteristics in soil skeleton lack research, and the influence of different gas reservoir pressures on bubbles are still unclear. The micro characteristics of bubbles in the same sediment sample were studied using an industrial CT scanning test system to solve these problems. Using the image processing software, the micro variation characteristics of gas-bearing sediments in gas reservoir pressure change are obtained. The results show that the number and volume of bubbles in different equivalent radius ranges will change regularly under different gas reservoir pressure. With the increase of gas reservoir pressure, the number and volume of tiny bubbles decrease. In contrast, the number and volume of large bubbles increase, and the gas content in different positions increases and occupies a dominant position, driving the reduction of pore water and soil skeleton movement. 相似文献
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径向基函数神经网络在计算天然气水合物饱和度中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物饱和度的计算通常采用阿尔奇公式、双水模型、Wood 方程等方法,这些方法均基于孔隙度的求取,并需要配合岩心分析来获得公式中的有关参数,存在误差传递导致结果不正确的问题.由于天然气水合物是以固态形式赋存于地层当中,因此研究适用于含天然气水合物储层的评价模型也是解决准确评价天然气水合物储层需考虑的因素.针对沿用油气测井评价方法计算天然气水合物的孔隙度和饱和度中存在的问题,采用径向基函数作为人工神经网络,计算了我国首次采获水合物样品的神狐海域某井天然气水合物的饱和度,以其中一口井的分析数据为样本训练并建立径向基函数神经网络,有效地求出了另一口井的天然气水合物饱和度,其结果与现场孔隙水分析的饱和度基本吻合.避开了天然气水合物饱和度的模型建立及参数求取难题. 相似文献
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废弃产量和废弃压力是标定凝析气藏可采储量的重要参数。在一年一度可采储量标定工作中发现,目前所提及的废弃条件的确定方法对于带水凝析气藏而言或说法不确切,或计算方法不适应,或精度不高。根据多年可采储量标定的经验,针对东海带水凝析气藏实际情况,提出一套适应于东海地区带水凝析气藏废弃产量和废弃压力的确定方法,且以东海XX气藏YY井为例,结合油藏工程、采油工艺等专业,介绍计算方法具体运用,对于具有同样地质特征气藏具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Robert C. Kirby 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-4):81-100
Abstract The behavior of gas‐laden, soft submarine soils subjected to changes in mean normal and shearing stresses is discussed. Information developed for partially saturated soils is extended to soft sediments. Calculations indicating that gas‐laden submarine soils generally have degrees of saturation in situ that exceed ～ 90% are presented. Therefore, it is suggested that insignificant error is introduced in predicting the effective stresses of soft sediments using the standard effective stress equation and neglecting the pore‐gas pressure. The presence of gas is shown to permit volume changes of soft sediments under wave loadings. The compressibility of the gaswater pore fluid is quantified. The pore‐pressure response, related to the ratio of the compressibility of the pore fluid and soil structure, is shown to be similar to that of fully saturated soils. The relevance of “undrained”; shipboard tests to the prediction of slope stability is discussed. It is concluded that the presence of gas leads to undrained strengths, as measured on recovered samples, which are lower than those that occur in situ. The use of these measured strengths in stability calculations leads to conservative predictions of submarine slope stability. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2002,49(1):189-196
A new gas-tight isobaric sampler for the collection of hydrothermal fluids venting at the seafloor has been designed, constructed, and tested at a ridge-crest vent site. The new device is constructed of chemically inert titanium, is gas-tight to 450 bar and can be used to sample fluids with temperatures up to 400°C. Compressed gas is used to maintain the sample at seafloor pressure before and during sample withdrawal onboard ship, allowing subsampling without degassing the fluid remaining in the sampler. This feature eliminates the need to collect separate gas-tight and major element samples since a single fluid sample can be analyzed quantitatively for major, trace, semi-volatile, and volatile components. The sampler fill rate is regulated to minimize entrainment of ambient seawater during collection of fluids from environments characterized by low fluid flow such as diffuse hydrothermal vents. In addition to deployment at the ridge-crest, the samplers can be used to collect gas-tight samples from other subseasurface environments such as hydrocarbon seeps, areas of methane-gas hydrate formation, cold seeps associated with serpentinites, regions of groundwater egress to the oceans, and the water column. 相似文献