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"冲之鸟"属于<联合国海洋法公约>第一二一条第3款规定的岩礁,不应有专属经济区和大陆架.日本提交的"200海里外大陆架划界案"对"冲之鸟"主张超过200海里的外大陆架,侵蚀了作为人类共同继承财产的国际海底区域.大陆架界限委员会应不审议或搁置审议日本划界案的相关部分. 相似文献
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外大陆架划界面临挑战 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着1982年《联合国海洋法公约》的生效，200海里外大陆架划界问题已经成为海洋法领域众人关注的问题。本文介绍了世界沿海国拥有外大陆架的状况，提出了有关技术要求和调查的困难性，指出了世界沿海国外大陆架划界面临着的某些挑战。 相似文献
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由于全球大陆边缘地貌和地质特征的复杂性,且《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)第76条对200海里以外大陆架外部界限划定的规则存在一定的模糊性,导致大陆架外部界限的划定极其复杂。根据《公约》设立的大陆架界限委员会(以下简称委员会)负责审议沿海国提交的划界案并给出建议,委员会在外大陆架划界方面发挥重要作用。截止2012年12月底,委员会一共收到沿海国65份划界案,目前已完成其中18份划界案的审议工作并给出了建议。本文系统分析了各委员会建议摘要,对委员会在审议划界案时采用的划界原则、审议的关键技术问题等做了综合分析总结,以便为我国今后外大陆架划界和积极应对侵害我国海洋权益的他国划界主张提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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自《联合国海洋法公约》1994年生效以来,外大陆架划界工作引起了地质、法律等多学科研究者的共同关注。为论证海底扇这一特殊海底地形在外大陆架划界工作中可能产生的影响,通过对全球典型的10个海底扇共同特征的统计,运用CARIS LOTS 4.0划界软件,对《联合国海洋法公约》第76条中2大重要地质因素——大陆坡脚位置和沉积物厚度进行了分析和研究,对孟加拉海底扇、蒙特利尔海底扇及印度海底扇3个全球典型的海底扇进行了外大陆架区域的划界分析,探讨了海底扇的发育及其对地貌的改造作用,以及对划界结果可能造成的影响。结果显示,影响海底扇发育的3大主要因素——构造环境、沉积物供给和海平面变化,使大陆坡脚位置的确定成为大陆架划界工作中面临的首要且关键的问题,对外大陆架的划界结果有潜在影响。而海底扇复杂的地质背景和特征,无疑对划界时使用《联合国海洋法公约》中的规定条款提出了新的挑战。在考虑海底扇影响的前提之下,陆坡坡脚位置会因其地形的变化向前推进或后退,峡谷和水道的分布对选区剖面确定最大坡折点的位置也会带来较大影响。因此,在外大陆架划界工作中,不但需要考虑《联合国海洋法公约》中的法律条款,海底扇及影响其形态、分布等3大重要因素的规律性,也是未来划界工作中需要进一步深入研究的重要问题。 相似文献
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2012年9月16日,外交部宣布,中国政府决定向根据《联合国海洋法公约》设立的大陆架界限委员会提交东海部分海域二百海里以外大陆架划界案。目前,国家海洋局已经做好该划界案的相关技术准备工作。 相似文献
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大陆坡脚是大陆边缘的一个重要地形特征,是沿海国扩展其大陆架权利和划定其200海里以外大陆架外部界限的基础,也是大陆架界限委员会审议沿海国划界案时特别关注的重要技术参数。《联合国海洋法公约》第76条大陆架制度的制定源于典型的被动大陆边缘。但由于全球大陆边缘的多样性和复杂性,特别是后期构造活动、沉积作用对大陆边缘的改造与影响,海底地形地貌异常复杂多变,导致大陆坡脚的识别非常困难。加上各沿海国为获得最大范围的外大陆架,对大陆坡脚的相关规定进行有利于自己的解释,使得大陆坡脚的确定成了外大陆架划界中一个颇具争议的热点问题。本文基于对《联合国海洋法公约》和《大陆架界限委员会科学和技术准则》对大陆坡脚的规定,结合不同类型大陆边缘的地质特征和各沿海国划界实践,对陆坡基部区的确定、坡度变化最大之点的选取以及相反证明规则的适用性等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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1958年《大陆架公约》第六条规定,如果同一大陆架邻接两个或两个以上海岸相向国家或相邻国家的领土,属于这些国家的大陆架的疆界应由这些国家的协定予以确定。在无协定的情形下,除根据特殊情况另定疆界外,疆界应是一条中间线。由此可见,特殊情况在海上划界中起着非常重要的作用,可以构成海上划 相似文献
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大陆架的划界是国际海洋划界的主要问题之一,也是海洋相邻或相向国家之间容易产生纠纷的问题。而大陆架的划界结果与所采用的划界原则有着密切的联系,为了得到更多的自然资源包括石油及其他矿产资源,争端当事国往往从自己的利益出发,主张有利于己的划界原则[1],从而导致一些国家之间的大陆架划界问题被提交国际法院及其分庭审理或国际仲裁庭裁决,甚至悬而未决。同时,由于有关大陆架划界原则的公约规定只对缔约国有效,而对关于大陆架划界原则的有关国际习惯法是否存在,各国仍有分歧,等距离-特殊情况原则就是一例,探讨其在大陆架划界习惯法上… 相似文献
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李金蓉 《海洋与海岸带开发》2012,(10):19-20
2012年9月16日,外交部表示,我国政府决定向《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称《公约》）设立的大陆架界限委员会（以下简称委员会）提交东海部分海域二百海里以外大陆架划界案。 相似文献
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Fluctuations and Variations in Coastal Marine Environments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. The manifold aspects of variability of coastal marine ecosystems are reviewed, with special reference to the response of species and communities. Fluctuations are defined as recurrent modifications in community structure, for instance due to seasonality, whereas variations are defined as changes permanently leading from a given community to a different one. Both patterns are described and linked to the interaction between life history traits and environmental factors. Resting stages are proposed to play a still underestimated role in the dynamics of coastal communities, especially for plankton. Rare species are considered as an essential constant of communities, being the source of potential variation and alternance in the contribution to the standing biomass. 相似文献
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Scour around piles could endanger the stability of the structures placed on them. Hence, an accurate estimation of the scour depth around piles is very important in coastal and marine engineering. Due to the complex interaction between the wave, seabed and pile group; prediction of the scour depth is not an easy task and the available empirical formulas have limited accuracy. Recently, soft computing methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been used for the prediction of the scour depth. However, these methods do not give enough insight about the process and are not as easy to use as the empirical equations. In this study, new formulas are given that are easy to use, accurate and physically sound. Available empirical equations for estimating the pile group scour depth such as those of Sumer et al. (1992) and Bayram and Larson (2000), are less accurate compared to the given equations. These equations are as accurate as other soft computing methods such as ANN and SVM. Moreover, in this study, safety factors are given for different levels of acceptable risks, which can be so useful for engineers. 相似文献
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In this paper, vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder are simulated by use of ANSYS CFX simulation code. The cylinder is treated as a rigid body and transverse displacements are obtained by use of a one degree of freedom spring damper system. 2-D as well as 3-D analysis is performed using air as the fluid. Reynolds number is varied from 40 to 16000 approx., covering the laminar and turbulent regimes of flow. The experimental results of （Khalak and Williamson, 1997） and other researchers are used for validation purposes. The results obtained are comparable. 相似文献
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In this paper, motion response of a moored floating structure interacting with a large amplitude and steep incident wave field is studied using a coupled time domain solution scheme. Solution of the hydrodynamic boundary value problem is achieved using a three-dimensional numerical wave tank (3D NWT) approach based upon a form of Mixed-Eulerian–Lagrangian (MEL) scheme. In the developed method, nonlinearity arising due to incident wave as well as nonlinear hydrostatics is completely captured while the hydrodynamic interactions of radiation and diffraction are determined at every time step based on certain simplifying approximations. Mooring lines are modelled as linear as well as nonlinear springs. The horizontal tension for each individual mooring line is obtained from the nonlinear load-excursion plot of the lines computed using catenary theory, from which the linear and nonlinear line stiffness are determined. Motions of three realistic floating structures with different mooring systems are analyzed considering various combinations of linear and approximate nonlinear hydrodynamic load computations and linear/nonlinear mooring line stiffness. Results are discussed to bring out the influence and need for consideration of nonlinearities in the hydrodynamics and hydrostatics as well as the nonlinear modelling of the line stiffness. 相似文献
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Frederick R. Hess 《Marine Chemistry》1977,5(3):297-302
The use of Radio-Controlled Miniature aircraft by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for obtaining marine air samples is discussed. The particular requirements for gaseous as well as large-volume particulate sampling are discussed and at-sea tests performed from the R/V “Knorr” are described. Handling and logistics of use as well as aircraft characteristics are discussed. 相似文献
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This paper introduces a new method for the smoothing of isobathymetric lines for marine chart construction. Specific constraints have to be observed as the chart must be legible and safe for navigation. The method, based on a snake model, respects these constraints of legibility and safety which impose a direction for curve deformation. Conflicts such as self-intersections are also considered. These two points are the main contributions of the paper as current methods cannot deal with such constraints. Several case studies are presented and results obtained on real data are discussed. 相似文献