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1.
北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域主要渔获种类的生物学特征及其数量分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(11)
根据2012—2013年在北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域进行的春、秋季2个航次底拖网调查数据,分析了2个海区的渔获种类组成、主要经济鱼类生物学特征和生物量密度。结果表明,北部湾口海域有竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)和蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)3种优势种和8种主要种。南沙群岛西南部海域有锯棘尖牙鲈(Synagrops serratospinosus)1种优势种和14种主要种。与历史调查数据对比分析发现,两水域的优势种组成变动显著,发光鲷和尖牙鲈等小型鱼类渔获比例增加,同时经济鱼类如竹荚鱼、蓝圆鲹、短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthus macracanthus)和深水金线鱼(Nemipterus bathybius)个体尺寸有所减小,呈现经济鱼类被小型非经济鱼类取代的趋势。北部湾口和南沙群岛西南部海域的平均生物量密度分别为1 587.8kg/km~2和2 289.2kg/km~2,呈现西南部高北部低、秋季高于春季的特点。 相似文献
2.
本文运用B—H模型对南海北部底拖网的主要渔获对象：深水金线鱼、金线鱼、马六甲绯鲤、条尾绯鲤、多齿蛇鲻、蓝圆鲹、长尾大眼鲷、短尾大眼鲷、红鳍笛鲷、二长棘鲷、黄鲷的单位补充量渔获量进行评估，分析了拖网作业对不同鱼种产生的影响，并探讨了多鱼种渔业资源管理存在的问题和对策。 相似文献
3.
闽南-台湾浅滩二长棘鲷食性研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)是暖水性底层鱼类,分布于日本南部、东海、台湾海峡、台湾浅滩、南海北部以及印度尼西亚沿岸,为我国东南沿海底拖网渔业的主要捕捞对象,近几年来,由于捕捞过度,北部湾和南海北部沿岸二长棘鲷资源严重衰退,唯独台湾浅滩地形复杂,底拖网不易作业,二长棘鲷资源却受到自然保护.在闽南-台湾浅滩底拖网渔获中,二长棘鲷仍然是主要优势种. 相似文献
4.
福建近海主要底层经济鱼类的种群动态 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
本文研究了1994年福建近海底拖网渔船主要捕捞对象－带鱼,白姑鱼,二长棘鲷,短尾大眼鲷和条尾绯鲤5种底层和近底层鱼类的种群结构,生长和死亡参数及其开发比率,与1976年比较,带鱼渔获的最大年龄由1976年7龄降至1994年的4齿,白姑鱼,二长棘鲷和短尾大眼鲷由1976年或1982年的5龄降至1994年的3龄,条尾绯鲤由1976年的5龄降至1994年的4龄,带鱼的捕捞死亡系数由1976年的0．491上升到1994年的0．956。二长棘鲷由0．340上升到1．273,短尾大眼鲷由0．505上升到0．868。条尾绯鲤由0．576上升到0．924,白姑鱼由1982年的0．235上升到1994年的0．789,开发比率均比1976年或1982年有较大提高,分别在0．495,0．706,呈现充分开发或过度利用,并讨论了种群变动原因,捕捞结构和底拖网捕捞力量调整及5种鱼类的最小可捕标准问题。 相似文献
5.
东海区小型鱼类生态研究Ⅰ——小型鱼类的种类组成及季节变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
根据1997~2000年东海区底拖网渔业资源调查资料,分析和讨论了东海区小型鱼类的种类组成和季节变化。结果表明,东海区小型鱼类共有98种,优势种为发光鲷(Acropomajaponicum)、鳄齿鱼(Champsodon capensis)、鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)、七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus)、尖牙鲈(Synagrops japonicus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、麦氏犀鳕(Bregmaceros macclellandi),各季节小型鱼类出现种类数及出现频率变化较小,渔获尾数和渔获质量变化显著。 相似文献
6.
根据2014年5月(春)、10月(秋)2个航次在渤海湾黄骅港海域开展的渔业资源底拖网调查数据，利用相对优势度指数、聚类分析、非度量多维标度分析(NMDS)和ABC曲线等方法，对该海域渔业资源的种类组成、优势种和平均资源密度等群落结构特征进行了分析。结果显示，两次调查共捕获渔业资源48种，主要由26种鱼类、18种甲壳类和4种头足类组成。春季优势种主要为口虾蛄等甲壳类，秋季虾虎鱼类的优势度较高。春季该海域渔业资源的平均资源密度为13.16 kg/h,秋季平均资源密度为14.87 kg/h,渔业资源空间分布不均匀。与春季相比，秋季渔业资源的生物多样性较高，秋季群落结构受干扰程度也较高。本研究揭示了黄骅港海域渔业资源的结构特征，可为渔业资源的修复和养护提供理论依据，为港口工程的建设提供科学支撑。 相似文献
7.
根据2008年夏季对东山湾进行的底拖网调查资料,分析了东山湾游泳动物群落的多样性现状.结果表明,2008年夏季游泳动物调查渔获物种类共80种,以鱼类为主(54种),其余依次为蟹类(10种)、虾类(8种)、头足类(6种)和其他类(2种);渔获物优势种(IRI＞100)为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sangiunolentus)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、白姑鱼(Pennahia argentatus)等15种;游泳动物质量相对资源密度为363.05 kg/km2,尾数相对资源密度为16 605 ind./km2,低于同季节东海大陆架和南海北部大陆架浅海海域的资源密度水平,也低于兴化湾等湾口类型海域的资源密度水平;渔获物种类和现存资源较历史数据有衰减的趋势;Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数平均为2.08,表明该水域仅受到轻度污染,仍适合渔业资源生物的生长和繁育,但需要加强管理和养护. 相似文献
8.
台湾海峡南部二长棘鲷种群生态学参数的变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以2003～2004年闽南-台湾浅滩渔场二长棘鲷周年12个月的生物学测定资料,研究其群体结构现状和生长与死亡参数,并与此前的研究结果比较,探讨二长棘鲷的种群动态变化趋势.结果表明:2004年渔获群体平均叉长和平均年龄都较1976、1994和2000年小,L∞和W∞较1982、1994年小,体重生长速率k较1982、1994年大,拐点较1982、2000年提前.雌、雄性初次性成熟的叉长较1976和1994年小.显示渔获个体小型化、低龄化和早熟化,体重生长速率加大,生长拐点提前的变化.这些变化正是二长棘鲷对强大的捕捞压力和环境变化所采取的生态对策,反映了当前二长棘鲷的生态仍较脆弱,资源形势仍较严峻.1994年以来二长棘鲷捕捞死亡系数居高不下,开发比率超过0.5.底拖网渔业的渔获量应控制在估算的最大可持续开发量26.94×104t(其中二长棘鲷2.30×104t),最大持续捕捞力量2180艘福建标准单拖渔船.最小开捕规格为94.6mm和25.76g.只有强化管理,资源才能得到明显恢复. 相似文献
9.
根据2006年5月、9月、11月和2007年2月浙江南部外海渔业资源调查结果，用渔获率作为鱼类资源分布的数量指标，对浙江南部外海的鱼类种类组成、数量分布、季节变化趋势作了定量分析。结果表明，浙江南部外海调查海域鱼类种类约有205种，其中海南鲽鲆、长臂沙鲽是2个东海区新记录种。刺鲳、竹笑鱼、发光鲷、条尾鲱鲤、尖牙鲷、短鳍红娘鱼、短鳄齿鱼、带鱼、多棘腔吻鳕、花斑蛇鲻等22种鱼类是调查海域底拖网的主要捕捞鱼类，约占鱼类总渔获量的64．58％，而其它种类的渔获量较少。不同季节的经济鱼类渔获物组成相差较大，渔获量高峰期主要出现在夏、秋季，主要捕捞刺鲳、竹笑鱼、条尾鲱鲤、短鳍红娘鱼、黄鳍马面钝等，而带鱼主要出现在春、夏季和冬季。资源数量分布较高的海区是27°30′-28°30′N海域以及26°00′-27°00′N、121°30′-123°00′E海域，而春季、秋季和冬季虽然资源密度没有夏季高，秋季和冬季调查海域的鱼类资源数量明显下降，但其数量的地理分布趋势与夏季基本相同。主要种类的空间分布特点如下：刺鲳、带鱼、海鳗、日本红娘鱼、日本方头鱼等的主要渔场分布在80-100m水深海域；黑鲮蟓、真鲷、鲐鱼、高体若鳕等的主要渔场分布在100-200m水深海域；而竹笑鱼、条尾鲱鲤、短鳍红娘鱼等则在整个调查海域都有分布，属于分布范围广的种类。 相似文献
10.
南澎列岛近海海域底拖网鱼类组成的季节性变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1991年逐月对南澎列岛近海海域作底拖网调查,共捕获鱼类132种,其中软骨鱼类7种（4目6科6属）,硬骨鱼类125种（10目58科95属）,后 者以鲈形目居多（69种）。全年渔获优质种类为条尾鲱鲤、黑天竺鱼、二长棘鲷、大头狗母鱼、多齿蛇鲻、三线矶鲈、绿布氏筋鱼、多鳞Xi和乔氏台雅鱼等9种,其渔获尾数之和是渔获总数的71．1％。季节性优势种类除全年优势种类外,尚有粗纹Fu、半线天竺鲷、印白姑鱼、静Fu和翼红娘鱼等5种;各种类全的渔获尾数及出现月份数相关,各月份的渔获尾数和渔获种数不相关;渔获物中仅有少量的中上层鱼类（13种）。就适温性而言,该海区鱼类以亚热带性为主并兼有热带性特征,以Shannon、Brillouin、Simpson和McIn-tosh等多样性指标及相应的Hurlbert均匀度指标对逐月样本做估计,这8种指标之间高度显著相关;该海域鱼类的Shannon多样性指标及相应的均匀度指标皆以秋冬季为高,春夏季较低。 相似文献
11.
Tropical shrimp trawl fisheries are unsustainable, and similar sets of management measures are used globally to address the direct and indirect costs of their practices. Yet little is known about shrimp fishers’ perceptions, despite the clear importance of human behaviour in determining the success of fisheries management. This article presents the results of interviews with industrial shrimp trawl fishers from the southern Gulf of California, Mexico, and reveals fishers’ knowledge and attitudes that should be considered when developing management plans for industrial shrimp trawl fisheries. Fishers were asked to comment on problems facing the fishery, management options to address the issues, and the future of the fishery in general. The interviews also elicited new knowledge on effort and valuable components of bycatch, useful to the management process. Among the problems facing the Gulf of California fishery, fishers tended to identify those generated externally—fluctuations in shrimp populations, increases in fishing effort, decreases in shrimp prices and increasing overheads—and thus distance themselves from responsibility for management options. The successes of any mitigation measures for the fishery are likely to depend on proper enforcement and reliable governance, as our study indicates. Should strong enforcement be put in place, then trawl free areas seem to be the most pragmatic way to alleviate problems associated with the fishery; our effort data point to areas that might have greatest acceptance among fishers. A reduction in capacity would clearly complement marine zoning for trawl free areas. In the long run, however, it may be economic extinction of the fishery that reduces pressure on the marine ecosystem. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2017
The improvement of fishing technology has been detrimental to the sustainability of fisheries, which is particularly clear for the bottom trawl fishery. Reducing its environmental impact is a key point for the development of a more sustainable fishery. The present work analyzed different possibilities to mitigate the impact of gears on the seabed and to increase the efficiency of the bottom trawl fishery of the Western Mediterranean. The analysis of three experiments showed that innovative technical and regulation measures can lead to benefits such as the reduction of fishing effort, the improvement of the cost-benefit relation and the reduction of the direct impact on the seabed and the indirect effect on the ecosystems through reduce discards and the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. After years of studies focused on improving the sustainability of this fishery, it's about time to turn this improvement into reality. 相似文献
13.
David Whitmarsh Carlo Pipitone Fabio Badalamenti Giovanni D&#x;Anna 《Marine Policy》2003,27(6):489-497
Small-scale fisheries and the communities they support are often given the protection of designated fishing zones from which non-artisanal vessels are excluded. This paper looks at one example of this approach, the trawl ban introduced in the Gulf of Castellammare (NW Sicily), focussing on the economic sustainability of the artisanal fishery currently operating within the protected area. The consequences of lifting the trawl ban and how far this would jeopardise the sustainability of the artisanal fishery are explored via an analysis of the financial viability of trammel net vessels under alternative assumptions concerning catch rates. The paper also investigates fishermen's attitudes towards the trawl ban and their predisposition either to remain in the fishery or to quit in the event of the ban being removed. 相似文献
14.
东、黄海底拖网渔业渔捞努力量修正方法的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
渔捞努力量在渔业资源研究中是一个重要参数。在以往的东、黄海底拖网渔业资源研究中,投网次数常作为渔捞努力量的度量单位。在底拖网渔业中有很多影响渔捞努力量的因素,其中船型大小、实际捕捞时间的长短以及网具改进是主要因素。本文针对这三个因素应用上海市海洋渔业公司的资料,提出了一种修正方法,并对修正后标准渔捞努力量的效果进行了分析探讨。 相似文献
15.
小型单拖网渔船V 型网板水动力性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
网板是拖网的重要属具之一, 广泛应用于近岸小型单拖渔船的生产作业中, 其水动力性能的优劣直接关系到拖网的生产效果和经济效益。作者以网板面积1 m2、展弦比0.55的 V 型网板为例进行小型单拖渔船的水动力性能研究。 基于田内相似准则, 相似比为2制作网板模型, 进行循环水槽模型试验, 实验冲角在10～60°范围内, 来流速度在0.2～0.7 m/s, 得出网板升阻力系数等流体动力特性曲线、临界冲角、最大升阻比。结果表明, 该型网板的最大升阻比约为1.86, 达到最大升阻比的临界冲角在15～25°附近, 该结果可为渔业生产操作中网板冲角的设置提供依据。实验结果同时显示, 该型网板的水动力效率略低于其他类型网板, 说明其板型仍有较大的改进空间。 相似文献
16.
胶州湾及其邻近水域渔业生物多样性的调查研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
根据2003年10月-2004年5月逐月采集胶州湾及其邻近水域作业的定置网和底拖网具渔获物的分析与测定，记述了该海区出现的106种渔业生物，并进行了定置网和底拖网的渔获物组成的比较，分析了种类组成特点及生物多样性的季节变化情况。结果表明，本调查区域渔获物以小型低值鱼类、经济无脊椎动物和经济幼鱼为主，渔获个体偏小。据此提出了保护近海生物多样性与合理利用近海渔业资源的一些建议。本次调查还首次记录了我国黄海沿岸罕见的蛇鳗科鱼类一长吻沙蛇鳗Ophisurusmacrorhynchus，为青岛近海的渔业生物多样性的研究增添了新的资料。 相似文献
17.
The South African midwater trawl fishery targets adult horse mackerel Trachurus capensis. The bulk of the catch is taken by a single freezer-trawler, the biggest fishing vessel operating in South African waters. As fishing takes place off the south coast in ecologically sensitive areas, there are concerns about the potential impacts of this fishing operation on non-target species. Fishing behaviour and bycatch of this fishery from 2004 to 2014 were investigated by analysing observer records with regard to catch composition, volume and temporal and spatial patterns. The midwater trawl fishery was estimated to have caught 25 415 tonnes annually, with a bycatch of 6.9% of the total catch, by weight. There are species overlaps with various fisheries, namely the demersal trawl, small-pelagic, line, shark longline and squid fisheries, yet the total bycatch estimates from this fishery are generally small relative to catches taken in the target fisheries. Bycatch species with the highest average annual catches were chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, redeye roundherring Etrumeus whiteheadi, ribbonfish Lepidopus caudatus and hake Merluccius spp. Large-fauna bycatch species included sunfish Mola mola as well as a number of CITES II- and IUCN-listed species, such as Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus, dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus, smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena and thresher sharks Alopias spp. The 97.9% observer coverage is high and the 6.9% bycatch rate low compared to other South African fisheries; however, due to the large size of the individual hauls (average of 46.3 t), the average sampling rate of 1.56% is low. Our analyses suggest that bycatch in the South African midwater trawl fishery has been lower than in other South African fisheries and similar fisheries elsewhere, but due to the combination of high catch volumes and low sampling rates, estimation errors for rare species are high and there is a substantial risk of incidental unmonitored bycatch of rare large fauna and aggregations of small fauna. This could be mitigated by spatio-temporal management of this fishery, to avoid fishing in high-risk areas, and the introduction of an electronic monitoring programme. 相似文献
18.
19.
《Marine Policy》2017
The Shark Bay trawl fishery is Western Australia's most valuable prawn fishery (worth AUD$25 million in 2014). The 18-vessel fleet targets western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus), brown tiger prawns (P. esculentus) and also retains saucer scallops (Ylistrum balloti) and blue swimmer crabs (Portunus armatus). Increased fuel prices, falling prawn prices and lower catches of other species, following extreme environmental events, have impacted fishery profits. A biomass dynamics model with an economic component indicated that total revenue levels start to decline when annual effort increases beyond ~ 200 fishing days per boat. Annual effort required to achieve MEY, when based solely on prawn fishing, is 115–150 days per boat after accounting for fixed and variable fishing costs and annual fishing efficiency increases of 1–2%. From 2007–2014, the adjusted effort was 188–192 days per boat. Fishing occurred between March and November during 7–8 fishing periods, separated by 5–8 day (low catchability) moon closure periods. An empirical daily profit assessment (2007–2015), accounting for recruitment variation, daily prawn size compositions, monthly market prices for different prawn species and sizes, and daily fishing costs, showed vessels made profits on ~ 115–160 days and losses on ~ 15–55 days per year, when fishing occurred near the full moon. The fishery benefitted in 2013–2015 by starting later in the year and better targeting within-season effort. This management strategy within the effort-control framework, which improved profitability, maintained higher spawning stocks and reduced ecosystem fishing impacts, has wider application in prawn fishery management. 相似文献