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海洋生态文明是海洋经济开发利用与海洋生态保护之间相互促进、和谐共荣的良性循环。海洋生态文明示范区是海洋生态文明建设的重要载体,对于推动沿海地区经济、社会发展方式的转变,实现海洋环境生态融入沿海经济社会发展具有重要作用。文章以海洋生态文明城市——北海市为例,运用海洋生态文明示范区建设指标体系研究成果对其建设评估工作进行示范应用,分析了北海市建设海洋生态文明示范区的优势和不足,并提出应优化产业结构、促进经济发展方式转变、继续加大保护海洋生态环境成效、进一步规范海洋统计数字等建议,为北海海洋生态文明示范区建设提供对策建议。 相似文献
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随着海洋强国战略的全面实施,海洋生态文明建设作为生态文明建设的重要组成部分已经上升为国家战略,绿色发展强调转变传统海洋经济发展方式,注重海洋资源保护和生态环境修复治理,是实现经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展的新型发展模式。海洋环境监测是认知海洋环境现状、保障海洋生态文明建设和海洋经济绿色发展的重要技术手段。文章论述了海洋生态文明和绿色发展的内涵,给出了海洋生态文明示范区(试验区)和海洋生态红线区两大海洋生态文明建设载体,重点论述了当前以海洋水质浮标、海洋水文气象浮标、波浪浮标、潮位站(验潮井)、高频地波雷达、Argo浮标等为主的海洋环境在线监测和海洋遥感监测技术手段。从构建"岸-海-岛""天空-海面-海底""点-线-面-层"立体化、全方位、实时监测系统,推进在线监测关键技术攻关及配套服务建设等方面进行了展望。 相似文献
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开发海洋资源，加快海洋经济发展，是我国的一项重要发展战略。贯彻和落实科学发展观就要统筹海洋经济的发展和海洋资源及海洋环境之间的关系，以法律为基础，以行政管理和执法监察为手段，通过科学的决策，协调海洋产业的发展步骤，为综合开发利用海洋、保护海洋，搭建良好的经济发展平台，促进海洋与人类的和谐发展。 相似文献
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围填海作为开发利用海洋空间,推动社会经济发展的一种基础方式,近些年在我国沿海各地已出现不同程度的造地热潮,而且规模越来越大。填海造地工程虽然带来了巨大的社会经济利益,但不可避免地出现了海洋环境质量下降、渔业资源衰减、滨海湿地环境退化、海洋生态系统受损等一系列的问题。文章从当下围填海工程建设对海洋生态环境的影响入手,结合笔者从事围填海项目海域使用论证和海洋环境动态监视监测的经验,给出保护海洋生态环境,加强海洋生态文明建设的建议。 相似文献
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文章基于"要素投入-结构水平-功能绩效"的分析范式,构建海洋经济创新发展能力指标体系,运用主成分分析法对我国沿海地区海洋经济创新发展能力进行研究分析。结果表明:(1)沿海地区的海洋经济创新发展能力差异明显,广东、上海、山东的创新发展能力强,其他地区海洋经济创新发展能力相对较弱;(2)造成这种省际差异的原因是多方面的,海洋科技创新经费不足、人才稀缺和环境污染是最主要的影响因素;(3)通过对创新的功能绩效进行分析得出海洋经济的增长是以牺牲环境为代价来实现的。最后针对我国海洋经济创新发展存在的问题提出了加大科研资金投入,提升海洋科研水平;加强海洋专业教育,培养高端海洋人才;推动海洋产业绿色转型升级,保护海洋环境的政策建议。 相似文献
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随着天津经济的迅速发展,海洋开发力度增大,给近岸海洋生态环境带来了较大压力。弄清区域经济发展与环境污染之间的关联,对于寻求环境和经济的协调、可持续发展具有重要作用。采用灰色关联度分析和耦合度分析方法,定量揭示了经济发展与海洋环境的关联程度,从时序角度分析了2006-2013年经济与环境耦合关系的演变规律,同时对2014-2018年天津经济和海洋环境耦合关系的变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明:1经济规模中,地区生产总值增长速度与环境关联度较大;海洋产业活动中,海水养殖产量同未达清洁海域面积、活性磷酸盐浓度和无机氮浓度关联度较大,原油产量显著关联于石油类浓度,而海洋化工产品产量则与化学需氧量呈现强相关;22006-2013年天津社会经济与海洋环境的耦合度整体呈先升高后下降的趋势,但耦合关系始终处在磨合阶段;32014-2016年天津社会经济与海洋环境的耦合度出现缓慢上升,而2016-2018年耦合关系变化较小甚至有出现下降的趋势,未来还必须继续加大海洋环境保护力度,促进环境与经济的协调发展。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献