共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
为了解南海北部蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)的群体遗传变异特征,本研究利用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因部分序列对9个群体共203个个体进行群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析.结果显示:在722 bp长的Cyt b部分序列中,共检测出52个多态位点,定义25个单倍型;群体的单倍型多样性(h)为0.577±0.036,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.001 55±0.001 12,整体遗传多样性呈中等偏低水平,其中雷州半岛和海南岛以东5个群体的遗传多样性水平明显高于以西的4个北部湾群体.单倍型系统发育树和网络图均未表现出与地理位置相对应的谱系结构,单倍型网络图呈以主体单倍型为中心的星状结构.群体间的Fst值为-0.077~0.018,且统计检验均不显著(p0.05).分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,遗传变异全部来源于群体内个体间.Tajima's D值和Fu's Fs值均为显著负值,核苷酸不配对分布呈明显的单峰分布.南海北部蓝圆鲹群体约在29 000a前可能发生过扩张事件,导致遗传多样性呈现高h、低π模式;9个群体间的遗传分化并不显著,符合是一个随机交配种群的假设,但9个群体的遗传多样性水平却表现出明显的地理趋势,提示将南海北部蓝圆鲹作为单一种群进行渔业管理需持谨慎态度. 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
利用线粒体COI基因片段序列比较分析了金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)4个地理群体(乳山、青岛、日照和舟山)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。在4个群体117个样本的线粒体COI基因部分序列中,检测到27个单倍型。群体遗传多样性分析显示,4个群体的单倍型多样度为0.478~0.956,核苷酸多样性为0.001~0.006,舟山群体的遗传多样性远高于乳山、青岛和日照群体。群体间遗传分化指数显示,舟山群体与其他3个群体之间存在较大的遗传分化(0.186~0.292),而乳山、青岛和日照群体之间遗传分化较小(-0.007~0.039)。本研究结果暗示,增殖放流活动可能对山东省近海的金乌贼群体的遗传多样性产生了一定的影响。 相似文献
3.
荣成湾孔鳐群体线粒体DNA cytb部分序列的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2009 年和2011 年采自荣成湾的孔鳐(Raja porosa)群体共54 尾鱼的线粒体DNA 细胞色素b基因(cytb)部分序列进行测定, 以分析其遗传多样性和群体遗传结构。结果显示, 在所获得的782 bp 序列中, 共检测到11 个单倍型、15 个多态位点, 其单倍型多样性指数(H)为0.498±0.081, 核苷酸多样性指数(π)为0.0018±0.0005, 遗传多样性水平较低。其中, 2009 年样品检测到3 种单倍型、4 个单一变异位点, 其H 和π 值分别为0.378±0.181 和0.0010±0.0006; 2011 年样品检测到9 种单倍型、6 个单一变异位点和6 个简约信息位点, 其H 和π 值分别为0.352±0.086 和0.0020±0.0006。分子方差分析(AMOVA)分析显示它们的遗传变异主要集中在同年度个体间(98.22%), 而不同年度个体间的遗传变异远远小于同年度内个体间的变异。Kimura’s 2-parameter 模型分析得到的2009, 2011 年度孔鳐间的遗传距离为0.0013, 遗传分化系数为0.01778, 也表明2009 年和2011 年孔鳐的遗传分化程度低, 没有明显的遗传变异。中性检验表明, 荣成湾孔鳐群体可能发生过种群扩张。 相似文献
4.
为了解长江口及其邻近海域鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)的群体遗传多样性,采用线粒体COⅠ基因测序,对长江口(崇明)及邻近海域(舟山)2个鮸鱼群体的遗传变异进行了分析。结果表明,599 bp的COⅠ序列中包含22个变异位点,其中简约信息位点7个。60个个体中,共定义了20个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数(Hd)为0.676 8±0.069,核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)为0.002 29±0.000 37,表现为高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明99.12%的遗传变异出现在种群内,仅有0.88%出现在种群间。群体间的遗传分化系数为FST=0.008 83(P0.05),2个群体间无显著遗传分化。NJ系统树显示,2个地理来源的单倍型没有明显的地理群聚和谱系结构。中性检验和碱基岐点分布(Mismatch distribution)分析结果表明鮸鱼群体可能发生过种群扩张事件。研究结果可为鮸鱼渔业资源的合理开发和利用提供必要的参考。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
对中日海域5个金乌贼群体123个个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COI)基因片段进行测序,并应用于群体遗传多样性分析。经比对得到454bp的核苷酸序列,并发现34个多态性位点,单突变位点15个,简约信息位点19个,38个单倍型。群体遗传多样性较高,总群体的平均单倍型多样性指数Hd为0.904,平均核苷酸多样性Pi为0.007 7,平均核苷酸差异数K为3.490。遗传分化系数(Fst)及遗传距离均显示中国日照群体与日本群体之间遗传差异远大于日本群体之间的遗传差异。日照群体与日本4个群体之间的遗传分化系数(Fst)和遗传距离分别为0.642 9~0.725 9和0.012 8~0.014 3之间;日本爱知、爱媛、长崎、福井等群体之间遗传分化较小。单倍型网络图及贝叶斯树均表明5个金乌贼群体分为2大支系,4个日本群体为一个支系,中国日照群体单独为一支系。Tajima’D检验和Fu’s Fs检验及核苷酸错配分布说明,5个群体近期可能经历过种群扩张事件。 相似文献
6.
基于线粒体控制区片段,对采自于台湾海峡的4个斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)群体进行群体遗传学研究.结果显示:4个斑鰶群体均呈现出高的单倍型多样度和低的核苷酸多样度;邻接关系树结构简单,且单倍型网络图呈星形结构,二者均未检测到与地理群体相对应的谱系结构;AMOVA和群体间遗传分化指数Fst的计算结果显示斑鰶的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,群体间遗传分化微弱,无显著群体遗传结构;核苷酸不配对分布和中性检验结果均暗示斑鰶经历了近期的群体扩张事件,推测扩张时间大约在5.29×104a前,属于更新世晚期.斑鰶幼体较长的浮游期和洋流的输送作用可能是造成该海域群体间具有较高遗传同质性的主要原因,进一步提示该海域的斑鰶可作为同一种质资源和保护单元进行评估、管理. 相似文献
7.
基于线粒体DNA的COⅢ基因序列对我国沿海重要经济贝类厚壳贻贝3个养殖群体(温州、宁德、福州)的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。由PCR扩增获得23个体的COⅢ基因787bp的部分序列,其多态性遗传参数统计显示,23个个体共检出21个单倍型,总群体单倍型多样性指数(Hd)为0.978,核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)为0.01045,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为8.534,三个群体均显示出较丰富的遗传多样性。遗传分化系数(Fst)表明,福州群体与宁德群体和温州群体间有一定程度的遗传分化,而宁德群体和温州群体间无遗传分化。 相似文献
8.
基于线粒体CO1基因的序列,对渔山列岛,大连獐子岛,南麂列岛,山东南隍城乡,舟山嵊泗5个野生群体的厚壳贻贝进行遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。结果表明:在mt DNACO1基因同源片段上共检测到了39个多态位点,其中39个简约信息位点,无单突变位点,构成40个单倍型,群体遗传多样性水平为:渔山山东大连舟山南麂;然而单倍型多样性却是山东渔山南麂大连舟山。分子进化树和单倍型网络关系图构建结果显示:5个群体之间分为3个单倍型类群(A、B、C),其中A类群含15个单倍型,B类群含23个单倍型,C类群含2个单倍型(均为渔山列岛的单倍型),其中渔山列岛的单倍型在上述三个类群中都有分布。3个单倍型类群间的遗传距离为0.0099~0.0268。渔山列岛群体内遗传分化较为显著,其他4个群体间未检测到显著的遗传分化。 相似文献
9.
对中国华南沿海不同地理群体的黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)进行遗传多样性分析, 测定了漳州东山湾(DS)、深圳大亚湾(DY)、深圳大鹏湾(DP)、阳江沙扒湾(SB) 4个群体共计100尾黄斑篮子鱼线粒体DNA D-loop序列。结果显示: 序列长度约828bp, 包含72个变异位点, 50个单倍型, A、T、C、G含量平均为31.2%、31.1%、20.8%和16.9%; 单倍型多样性指数为0.893±0.053~0.957±0.030, 核苷酸多样性指数为0.0105±0.0031~0.0179±0.0031, 表现为高单倍型多样性而低核苷酸多样性的特点; 群体内的遗传距离0.0107~0.0184, 群体间的遗传距离0.0112~0.0172, AMOVA分析显示群体间的分子变异占0.66%, 群体内占99.34%; 中性检验结果表明Fu’s Fs检验值为显著的负值(-16.7079, p<0.01); 核苷酸不配对分布图呈单峰, 表明黄斑篮子鱼演化过程中经历过种群扩张事件, 推测扩张时间约在1.38~4.60万年前。综上, 华南沿海岸4个黄斑篮子鱼群体间不存在显著的遗传分化, 可划归一个管理单元, 而沙扒湾(SB)群体遗传多样性水平相对较高, 应优先加以保护。 相似文献
10.
采用线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列测定技术分析了中国沿海重要经济头足类长蛸7个野生群体的种群遗传结构及其变异。结果表明,我国长蛸资源存在相对丰富的遗传多样性,635bp长度的核苷酸片段共检测到74个多态位点,多态位点比例达11.7%,检测的108个个体中共获25个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数(H)达0.342—0.934,平均核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)达0.0008—0.0055,高于多数海洋头足类的遗传变异。对7个群体的遗传结构进行检测表明,我国的长蛸群体间存在显著的遗传分化(P0.05),遗传结构基本符合脚踏石模型。7个群体可明显聚类为3个类群,类群间分化系数Fst达0.8858(P0.01),基因流大大小于1;AMOVA检测和单倍型网络关系图也证实了上述类群的分化。遗传距离分析表明,由厦门群体组成的类群与其它2类群间的遗传距离达到0.086—0.098,可能达到了亚种的分化。 相似文献
11.
12.
经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
13.
为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
14.
向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
15.
Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
16.
17.
Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
18.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
19.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
20.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献